In the context of the digital transformation of public administration, one of the key tasks is to create a unified information space that ensures the consolidation of information about the activities of core domestic enterprises in the economy. However, the existing approaches to the disclosure of data from strategic and systemically important budgetary (autonomous) institutions are fragmented, which makes it difficult to use them for analysis. The purpose of the study, based on the methods of systematic and comparative analysis, is to substantiate the choice of data architecture when designing the digital profile of strategic and systemically important budgetary (autonomous) institutions. As a result of the work, a three-level architecture of a digital profile with open and closed access contours is proposed, within which information is collected, processed and published. The choice of technological solutions is justified supporting automated upload with blockchain fixation, multidimensional grouping, extraction of parameters from unstructured documents and visualization in dashboards. The proposed architecture corresponds to the priorities of the national project «Data Economics and Digital Transformation of the State» regarding the implementation of platform solutions and artificial intelligence technologies in public administration. The results of the study are of practical value for economic entities, specialists in the corresponding field, as well as for a wide range of users of financial and non-financial reporting.
Цифровая трансформация страховой отрасли и внедрение продуктов параметрического страхования требуют пересмотра подходов к обеспечению доверия между участниками сделки. Ключевым вызовом становится выбор архитектуры доверенной третьей стороны, которая могла бы гарантировать не только юридическую значимость транзакций, но и их защищенность в условиях растущих угроз. Существующие централизованные модели, доказавшие эффективность в массовом сегменте, часто не отвечают требованиям прозрачности и безопасности, критически важным для крупных сделок перестрахования и рынков связанного со страхованием капитала. Целью работы является сравнительный анализ трех архитектурных подходов к построению доверенной третьей стороны: традиционной централизованной на базе инфраструктуры открытых ключей, децентрализованной на базе блокчейна и гибридной. Для объективизации выбора применяется двухэтапная методика системного анализа: метод главных компонент для снижения размерности и визуализации компромиссов, а также многокритериальный анализ решений для ранжирования архитектур. Особое внимание уделено теоретическим ограничениям распределенных систем («трилемма блокчейна», «проблема оракула»), моделированию векторов атак и стратегиям их минимизации. Источником данных послужили экспертные оценки, полученные методом «Дельфи». Исследование показало, что архитектура на базе блокчейна является оптимальной для задач перестрахования благодаря высокой скорости мобилизации ликвидности. В то же время для массового розничного сегмента экономически наиболее эффективной остается централизованная модель. Обоснована необходимость перехода к гибридным архитектурам, использующим криптографические доказательства с нулевым разглашением и доверенные среды исполнения. Такой подход позволяет сочетать высокую пропускную способность с проверяемой безопасностью, что подтверждается опытом реализации национальных цифровых валют, в частности, цифрового The digital transformation of the insurance industry and the introduction of parametric insurance products require a rethinking of approaches to ensuring trust between transaction parties. A key challenge is choosing a trusted third party architecture that can guarantee not only the legal validity of transactions but also their security in the face of growing threats. Existing centralized models, while proven effective in the mass market, often fail to meet the transparency and security requirements critical for large-scale reinsurance transactions and insurance-linked capital markets. This paper aims to comparatively analyze three architectural approaches to building trusted third parties: a traditional centralized approach based on a public key infrastructure, a decentralized approach based on a blockchain, and a hybrid approach. To objectively evaluate the choice, a two-stage system analysis method is applied: principal component analysis for dimensionality reduction and tradeoff visualization, and multicriteria decision analysis for ranking architectures. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical limitations of distributed systems (the "blockchain trilemma" and "oracle problem"), attack vector modeling, and mitigation strategies. The data source was expert assessments obtained using the Delphi method. The study showed that a blockchain-based architecture is optimal for reinsurance applications due to its high liquidity mobilization speed. However, for the mass retail segment, a centralized model remains the most cost-effective. The study substantiates the need to transition to hybrid architectures using zero-knowledge cryptographic proofs and trusted execution environments. This approach combines high throughput with verifiable security, as evidenced by the experience of implementing national digital currencies, in particular, the Bank of Russia's digital ruble.
В статье рассматриваются принципы диверсификации портфеля казначейств децентрализованных автономных организаций (DAO), функционирующих на основе собственных криптоактивов. В условиях высокой волатильности и нестабильности криптовалютных рынков управление казначейским портфелем приобретает ключевое значение для обеспечения финансовой устойчивости DAO. В работе используется метод сценарного анализа, основанный на положениях классической портфельной теории Марковица (mean-variance), с целью оценки влияния структуры портфеля на чувствительность стоимости казны к рыночным шокам. Показано, что включение низковолатильных активов, в частности стейблкоинов и нативных монет блокчейнов первого уровня, позволяет существенно снизить совокупный риск портфеля при сохранении экспозиции к росту индустрии Web3. На основе анализа практик управления казначействами ведущих DAO сформулированы рекомендации по оптимальной диверсификации активов при наличии собственного токена DAO для смягчения просадки стоимости казны при неблагоприятных рыночных сценариях. This paper explores the principles of portfolio diversification for the treasuries of decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) managing their own crypto-assets. In environments characterised by high volatility and structural instability within cryptocurrency markets, effective treasury portfolio management becomes essential for maintaining the financial sustainability of DAOs. The study utilises a scenario-based analysis rooted in the classical mean-variance portfolio theory introduced by Markowitz to evaluate how portfolio structure influences the sensitivity of treasury value to market shocks. The findings show that including low-volatility assets, especially stablecoins and native layer 1 blockchain assets, markedly reduces overall portfolio risk while still allowing exposure to the growth of the Web3 sector. Drawing on an analysis of treasury management practices among leading DAOs, the paper offers recommendations for optimal asset diversification in the context of a native DAO token to minimise overall treasury risk.
The paper proposes an extended quality assessment model for Distributed Ledger Technology platforms, referred to as DLT-QM, developed on the basis of the ISO/IEC 25010 standard while considering the architectural and operational specifics of decentralized and blockchain-based systems. The relevance of the study is determined by the rapid development of digital technologies and the growing adoption of DLT platforms in finance, e-government, logistics, IoT ecosystems, and enterprise information systems, alongside the absence of a unified formalized approach for comprehensive quality assessment of such platforms. The study analyzes the applicability of ISO/IEC 25010 charac-teristics to DLT-oriented software systems and identifies a set of DLT-specific quality attributes reflecting the unique properties of distributed ledger environments, including decentralization level, consensus reliability, transaction finality, auditability, trust model, interoperability, and on-chain/off-chain balance. For each characteristic, mathematical metrics are formalized to support multicriteria quality assessment and optimization of architectural decisions in software engineering tasks. The integral quality indicator QDLT is defined as a weighted combination of the traditional ISO/IEC 25010 component and a DLT-specific component, enabling the adaptation of the model to various application scenarios. The proposed model is validated using four representative DLT platforms: Hyperledger Fabric, Ethereum, Corda, and Polygon. The obtained results confirm the existence of structural trade-offs between decentralization, performance, security, and interoperability in modern distributed systems. Furthermore, a scenario-oriented application methodology is developed, including a procedure for determining weighting coefficients depending on the application domain, such as financial consortium systems, e-government infrastructures, and IoT supply chain environments. The practical significance of the research lies in the development of a formalized decision-support instrument for selecting DLT platforms in the design and implementation of modern software systems and digital services. Keywords: blockchain, distributed ledger technology, DLT platforms, decentralized systems, distributed systems, information technologies, digital technologies, software engineering.
Yuliia Husieva, Igor Chumachenkо, I. B. Nekrasov, Illia Khudiakov · 5 authors
The subject of this study is the processes of ensuring transparency, accountability, and data integrity in project portfolio management systems based on distributed ledger technologies. The objective of this work is to develop a conceptual model, the Blockchain Portfolio Governance Model (BPGM), to enhance the transparency, integrity, and manageability of strategic portfolio management processes. Objectives: to develop a multi-level model architecture that combines traditional management cycles with cryptographic event logging mechanisms; to formalize management decisions as distributed ledger objects using asymmetric cryptography; to propose a comprehensive management quality assessment metric that accounts for both technical integrity and procedural discipline; to validate the model through simulation modeling of business processes. Research methods: systems analysis, methods of mathematical and simulation modeling in the Bizagi Modeler environment, asymmetric encryption, and hashing algorithms to ensure data integrity in distributed networks. Results. This paper proposes and justifies the architecture of the Blockchain Portfolio Governance Model, comprising five levels: governance, data aggregation, decision formalization, cryptographic integrity, and audit. A mathematical framework for event logging has been developed, where each decision is signed using the ECDSA digital signature algorithm. A new comprehensive metric has been introduced – the Portfolio Governance Compliance Index – which enables the detection of "shadow" management actions by comparing the number of requests initiated in external systems with the number of validated transactions on the blockchain. A series of simulation experiments demonstrated that implementing Proof-of-Authority consensus algorithms in a corporate network introduces negligible time delays (less than 1% of the total cycle), while the majority of the process time is spent on expert analysis. Conclusions: The application of the BPGM model enables transforming subjective portfolio management into a transparent, algorithmic process. The proposed solution ensures the creation of a «single source of truth» for all stakeholders, significantly simplifies audit procedures, and enhances the organization’s institutional reliability without compromising its operational efficiency.
The paper investigates the problem of ensuring confidentiality in authentication processes within enterprise information-intelligent systems under increasing cybersecurity threats and growing requirements for data protection. The introduction substantiates the relevance of modern cryptographic approaches that minimize the transmission of sensitive information during user authentication. The literature review analyzes approaches to constructing zero-knowledge proofs, which enable verification of a statement without revealing secret data, including succinct non-interactive arguments of knowledge, transparent scalable arguments of knowledge, and compact proof systems without trusted setup. Their cryptographic properties, trust assumptions, scalability, and computational characteristics are examined. In the methodology section, an adaptive authentication model is proposed, based on the integration of cryptographic proofs with risk assessment mechanisms and contextual access analysis. A formal decision-making model for access control is developed, taking into account user parameters, environmental characteristics, and threat levels, enabling dynamic selection of the proof type depending on the current risk level. An authentication algorithm is designed, including stages of identification, context evaluation, proof generation, and verification. In the results section, a comparative analysis of different types of zero-knowledge proofs in enterprise systems is conducted, evaluating their impact on performance, security level, and resistance to attacks. It is shown that the adaptive approach ensures a balance between cryptographic strength and computational efficiency. The conclusions justify the feasibility of implementing the proposed model as part of modern continuous access verification concepts and as a means of improving enterprise information security.
In the context of rapid and widespread digitalization of society, active implementation of new innovative technologies, and the growth of cyber threats, the issue of organizing effective cybersecurity for enterprises is becoming particularly important. To protect today's modern digital enterprise, you need a comprehensive strategy for secure access to your corporate resources anytime, anywhere, regardless of where they are located. By following Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) principles, which call for least privilege access and continuous verification, businesses can effectively minimize their attack surface and limit potential losses from compromised accounts. However, existing access control and authentication mechanisms alone are not always sufficient to ensure complete protection of critical data, especially in scenarios where proof of access rights or actions is required without revealing content. In such cases, an effective addition to ZTA can be the use of Zero-Knowledge (ZK) concept, which allows confirming access rights or ownership (knowledge) of certain information without the need to disclose it, which significantly reduces the risks of leaks and unauthorized access. At the same time, representatives of businesses interested in the security of their systems are not yet fully aware of the advantages of this concept. The practical application of already known Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) capabilities in various relevant areas that ensure security is being hampered, among other things, by a lack of awareness and insufficient theoretical training in this area among specialists responsible for security and communicating these capabilities (their potential) to the managers of relevant IT companies. In other words, there is currently a problem related to a lack of awareness about the zero-knowledge concept (its theoretical and practical significance) for making the right decision when building a security system for a corporate information system in modern conditions. This article is exactly aimed at solving this problem. The purpose of this work is to systematize the theoretical foundations and practical application of the zero-knowledge concept using simple and obvious examples in order to understand the potential of ZKP in solving problems of confidentiality/privacy and data verification. To this end, it outlined the main aspects of the zero-knowledge concept, including an analysis of the applicability of interactive and non-interactive approaches, an assessment of existing ZKP systems, and a conceptual representation of zk-SNARK technology based on the popular Groth16 scheme with mathematical justification. This contributes to a better understanding and future use of this dynamically developing and complex concept as one of the key mechanisms of modern cryptography, providing the ability to prove the correctness of calculations without disclosing the computational process or the initial data.
The article examines the problem of formalizing investment cash flow in a distributed ledger environment. Within the framework of the digital transformation of financial relations, the cash flow of an investment project can be represented as a digital twin, recorded in the distributed ledger infrastructure and implemented through smart contracts. The aim of the study is to develop a mathematical model of the digital twin of investment cash flow and an algorithm for its forecasting using neural networks. Theoretical approaches to the interpretation of digital twins are systematized, and the limitations of the classical discounted cash flow model in relation to the digital environment are analyzed. A formalized model of digital cash flow is proposed, taking into account transaction fees of the distributed ledger, algorithmically accrued income, and an extended discount rate structure including technological and regulatory risk premiums. An algorithm for neural network forecasting of the digital twin is developed based on a feature vector integrating financial and infrastructure parameters. A comparative analysis of the digital and classical models is performed, which allowed establishing the structural modification of the investment process in the digital environment. The obtained results can be used in the valuation of digital financial assets and the construction of adaptive systems for forecasting their cash flows.
The decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is a complex and ever-evolving system composed of various protocols. One of these protocols is lending, which has seen significant growth in recent times. However, the motivations behind investors’ interest in this area remain largely unknown. Lending protocols operate on predefined algorithms that automatically provide loans to users, allowing them to actively participate in DeFi lending platforms on public blockchain networks. The adaptation of these algorithms to a blockchain network within the framework of state legislation has not been explored in depth. This determines the importance of the study. The object of the study is to compare lending in a blockchain network with traditional forms; the subject is to identify the factors that influence decentralized lending and its relationship with traditional finance. The aim of this study is to develop a model architecture that can be used to create decentralized credit applications within a consortium blockchain network that uses a native currency, such as a central bank digital currency (CBDC). The main objectives of this study are:1) using data on transactions from the Aave lending protocol, one of the leading decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystems in terms of market capitalization, to identify the motivations that drive participants to engage in DeFi lending activities; 2) based on research into the DeFi token ecosystem and its market, as well as analogues of traditional financial lending models, to develop a mathematical model and an architectural diagram for a decentralized lending system built on a consortium blockchain with a Central Bank Digital Currency (CBDC) as the native currency. The results of the study are presented in the form of a mathematical model and a diagram of the architecture for a decentralized lending system based on a consortium blockchain network using a consortium with a native cryptocurrency, known as CBDC.
Smart grids are a modern model for developing electric power infrastructure based on the integration of information and communication technologies and intelligent control systems. These networks enable the creation of a highly efficient, reliable, and adaptive energy environment capable of quickly responding to changes in electricity generation and consumption patterns. Key principles of a smart grid include adaptive load management, two-way data exchange between power system elements, the integration of distributed energy resources, and the use of modern digital technologies, including the Internet of Things, artificial intelligence, and distributed ledger technologies. The implementation of smart grids optimizes the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity, improves the reliability and sustainability of the power system, and develops effective consumer interaction mechanisms based on intelligent energy management and dynamic pricing.
This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the cryptocurrency market through the lens of classical and modern economic schools, focusing on key regulatory mechanisms: staking, halving, token burning, and asset locking. The relevance of the research stems from the need to develop a theoretical framework for managing the stability and liquidity of decentralized financial systems amid high volatility and technological transformation. The hypothesis posits that integrating principles from economic schools (classical, Keynesian, monetarist, Austrian, institutional) with algorithmic cryptocurrency mechanisms can create a hybrid model of market resilience. Using an interdisciplinary approach, including mathematical modeling, regression, and correlation analysis of data on Bitcoin, Ethereum, XRP, and BNB, the study confirmed Bitcoin’s dominant role as a systemic asset through token burning and vesting. The practical implications include recommendations for optimizing regulatory mechanisms, diversifying investment portfolios, and designing stress tests to mitigate systemic risks.
Several works in the literature have focused on the analysis of key stylized facts of financial and cryptocurrency returns linked to fundamental problems of efficiency and predictability of financial and cryptocurrency markets, including heavy tails, absence of linear autocorrelations and volatility clustering. This paper provides a study of the above properties of Bitcoin and Ethereum markets using recently proposed robust, valid and statistically justified definitions of and methods for inference on market (in)efficiency, volatility clustering, and nonlinear dependence in return time series. In contrast to existing approaches, the inference methods used in the analysis are robust to heavy-tailedness, dependence and nonlinear dynamics of returns. The results of the study indicate that Bitcoin and Ethereum returns exhibit heavy tails, uncorrelatedness over time and volatility clustering largely similar to those in developed financial markets. The analysis has important implications for cryptocurrency pricing, market efficiency, econometric modeling, risk management, market participants and regulators.
Статья посвящена разработке и апробации методики моделирования сквозных бизнес-процессов для экосистем и партнерских сетей. Актуальность исследования обусловлена распространенной проблемой процессных разрывов – рассогласований на стыке взаимодействия независимых участников, ведущих к дублированию операций, ошибкам в данных и снижению скорости обслуживания. Предлагается инструментарий для устранения указанных разрывов. Целью исследования является создание практико-ориентированной методики, обеспечивающей бесшовную интеграцию процессов юридически автономных организаций. Для достижения цели решаются задачи анализа типов процессных разрывов, разработки метамодели и пошагового алгоритма построения сквозного процесса, а также его верификации на отраслевом примере. Ключевым результатом является четырехэтапный алгоритм, включающий идентификацию участников, картирование процесса в состоянии «как есть» с фиксацией разрывов, проектирование стандартизированных цифровых интерфейсов (API, реестры данных) и построение целевой модели «как должно быть» в нотации BPMN 2.0. Практическая значимость методики подтверждена апробацией в контексте процесса «Оформление комплексного туристического продукта». Внедрение позволило достичь измеримых улучшений: время выполнения процесса сократилось на 62,5 % (с 4 до 1,5 часов), доля ручных операций уменьшилась на 60 %, а показатель удовлетворенности клиентов вырос на 25 пунктов. Научная новизна заключается в адаптации принципов процессного моделирования к условиям децентрализованных сетевых структур с акцентом на формализацию интерфейсов взаимодействия. Статья содержит готовые к применению элементы: классификацию разрывов, шаблон метамодели, сравнительные таблицы и схемы, что позволяет тиражировать подход в различных отраслевых экосистемах. This article explores the development and validation of a methodology for modeling end-to-end business processes for ecosystems and partner networks. The relevance of the study stems from the widespread problem of process gaps – inconsistencies at the interface of independent participants that lead to duplicated operations, data errors, and reduced service speed. A toolkit for eliminating these gaps is proposed. The aim of the study is to create a practice-oriented methodology that ensures seamless integration of processes in legally autonomous organizations. To achieve this goal, the authors analyze process gap types, develop a metamodel and a step-by-step algorithm for constructing an end-to-end process, and verify it using an industry example. The key result is a four-stage algorithm that includes participant identification, process mapping in the “as is” state with gap recording, design of standardized digital interfaces (API, data registries), and construction of a target “as is” model in BPMN 2.0 notation. The practical significance of the methodology was confirmed by testing it in the context of the “Integrated Tourism Product Design” process. Implementation resulted in measurable improvements: process execution time was reduced by 62.5 % (from 4 to 1.5 hours), the proportion of manual operations was reduced by 60 %, and customer satisfaction increased by 25 points. The scientific novelty lies in adapting process modeling principles to the conditions of decentralized network structures with an emphasis on the formalization of interaction interfaces. The article contains ready-to-use elements: a gap classification, a metamodel template, comparative tables, and diagrams, enabling the approach to be replicated across various industry ecosystems.
The article deals with the development and theoretical justification of a set of economic and mathematical models that ensure the risk management of decentralised research projects in the pharmaceutical industry using crypto-economic tools. The necessity of this development stems not only from the challenges posed by geopolitical instability and the obsolescence of the traditional “blockbuster” funding model in pharmaceutical corporations, but also from the development of highly specialised markets of medications for the treatment of rare diseases, research into longevity therapies, and the advancement of “long-tail science”, as well as new ways of organising research and development within the paradigm of decentralised science based on Web3 technologies. The study presents models that are unified by an endto-end risk management logic: from the assessment of management structure and human resource capacity, through fundamental valuation, to revenue distribution and protection against biomedical risks. The results obtained make it possible to establish threshold criteria for the management structure in scientific decentralised autonomous organisations (DAOs) and to formulate targeted recommendations for public authorities on improving the regulation of decentralised organisations.
Open access
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Digitalization and Economic Development in Agriculture
The subject of the stud y is a digital token in a cross–border payment infrastructure (hereinafter referred to as CBPI) based on distributed ledger technology (hereinafter referred to as DLT). The purpose of the work is to analyze and scientifically evaluate methodological approaches to the formation of CBPI. The relevance of the work is due to the atmosphere of uncertainty and growing risks of external impact on the cross-border payment infrastructure that the Russian Federation has faced in recent years, as well as the need to address the challenge of ensuring accessibility, continuity, sustainability and security of its operation. As a result of the research, using heterodox, systemic, structural-functional, cybernetic, pragmatic and institutional approaches, the economic characteristics of the payment token have been developed and presented, including the most significant ones for the smooth implementation of cross-border payment transactions. It is concluded that the existing approaches make it possible to determine the main economic characteristics of a digital token in a cross-border payment infrastructure based on DLT, including security, cost stability, liquidity, volatility, as well as auxiliary ones — interoperability, scalability, transactional neutrality, economic isolation.
J. D. C. Vergara, D. E. Burdin, R.H. Davletbaev, Д. К. Д. Вергара · 6 authors
In the context of the digitalization of the economy, the problem of organizing effective document management in the non-profit sector has become particularly pressing. Traditional methods of managing information flows struggle to fully adapt to the requirements of transparency, accountability, and the legal significance of data. This article proposes a methodological approach to solving the document management problem based on the integration of distributed ledger technologies and smart contracts. A conceptual model of digital document management has been developed, in which each business event is represented as a smart document with legal verification in a blockchain environment. The paper describes in detail the stages of architecture development, the algorithms for interaction between participants, and the mechanisms for ensuring the immutability of records. The obtained results make it possible to increase transparency and trust between participants in non-profit organizations, ensure the automation of legally significant transactions, and minimize the risk of data falsification. The practical significance lies in the possibility of implementing the proposed approach into existing management systems of non-profit structures, which creates the basis for the formation of digital ecosystems of trusted document management.
The research addresses the pressing issue of security, immutability, and data synchronization in interbank interaction systems. Traditional centralized architectures, such as SWIFT, demonstrate vulnerabilities, including risks of unauthorized access and high operational costs for reconciliation and data alignment between participants. The aim of the work is to design a protocol concept based on private Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), which ensures the creation of a unified, cryptographically secured, and synchronized transaction ledger. The article justifies the choice of a private blockchain model with a Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) consensus algorithm for achieving agreement among trusted node-participants. Key elements of the protocol are smart contracts for automating settlement business logic and a multi-level cryptographic system with mandatory multi-signature. The result is an architectural model that eliminates the risks of data falsification, ensures end-to-end auditability of all operations, and significantly reduces the time and financial costs associated with post-transaction reconciliation. The issues of compliance of the proposed solution with current regulatory requirements in the financial sector are separately considered.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The trend toward digitalization and the implementation of ESG standards poses the challenge for Russian regions to rapidly restructure their governance. This paper demonstrates that integrating smart contracts into a region's transport and logistics system can significantly increase the flexibility of its institutional system. The authors explore the potential of blockchain algorithms for optimizing operating costs, ensuring the transparency of trade flows, and verifying non-financial reporting. A conceptual feedback loop is presented, demonstrating the intersection of digital technologies and regulatory mechanisms. The authors' contribution lies in their interpretation of smart contracts as flexible regulatory algorithms and their identification of the logistics industry as the primary vehicle for ESG principles at the meso-level. This material will be of interest to specialists in regional governance, institutional economics, and digital innovation.
Radovan Vladisavljević, Aleksandra Zlatić-Tešić, Svetlana Marković
The aim of the work is to present a model of tax control automation using smart contracts, this is a relatively new application of blockchain technologies. The use of new technologies can greatly improve the operations of modern organizations that have digitized their operations. New technologies not only provide a high degree of automation but also provide a high degree of transparency. This leads to faster business with an increase in the level of trust of all participants in the business venture.
В статье представлена обобщенная модель иерархической информационной системы с распределенным реестром на основе блокчейн-технологии для цифровой среды управления государством. Рассмотрена трехуровневая архитектура системы: федеральный, региональный и муниципальный уровни. Описан протокол включения новых блоков в одноранговую блокчейн-цепь с механизмом достижения консенсуса. Предложенная модель обеспечивает криптографически технологическое доверие между абонентами всех уровней системы при создании электронных государственных услуг и сервисов.
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing