Jimmy Jimmy, Kenny Rimba, Vincent Vincent, Ronsen Purba · 5 authors
E-voting systems are prone to challenges such as lack of transparency, risks of data manipulation, and dependence on centralized authorities, which can undermine trust in electoral processes. This research develops a blockchain-based e-voting system on the Polygon network, leveraging smart contracts and Zero-Knowledge Succinct Non-Interactive Argument of Knowledge (ZK-SNARK) to enhance security, transparency, and voter anonymity. The study employs an application development approach, implementing a structured methodology with initialization, registration, voting, and tallying phases. Smart contracts automate voter verification, vote casting, and result tabulation, while ZK-SNARK ensures voters can cast ballots anonymously without revealing their identities. The system’s transparency and immutability are tested using PolygonScan, demonstrating effective prevention of manipulations like double voting through cryptographic credentials (nullifier, commitment, and nullifier hash) and Merkle Tree structures. Results indicate that the system provides a secure, verifiable, and decentralized framework for elections. This implementation offers a robust foundation for future e-voting systems, promoting trust and integrity in digital voting processes.
Patikiri Arachchige Don Shehan Nilmantha Wijesekara
Gaming is the notion of playing electronic games that involves users in the form of avatars or characters engaging with an interactive digital experience to achieve a specific gaming objective. Blockchains can enhance the overall gaming platform by helping to provide auditing, transparency, incentivization, security, and verification features in gaming. We analyze distinct blockchain-stemmed gaming structures, understand 11 tasks of blockchain-stemmed gaming reflection, and investigate them extensively regarding gaming- and blockchain-linked qualities. We packed an inaugural sample of 94 paper origins by extracting the papers for filtering standards chased down from E-collections, imposing a systematic and longish quality assessment scheme. Derived from the study, in blockchain-stemmed gaming, blockchain can support game auditing (C1), game incentivization (C2), gamification (C3), cooperative game play (C4), game fraud prevention and fair play (C5), game DApps with extendibility (C6), game asset ownership protection and asset transactions (C7), game user-produced elements security (C8), game credential verification (C9), game rule transparency (C10), and crypto gaming (C11). Extensive investigation discovers that in blockchain-stemmed gaming, 21.7% exploit gamification (C3), 75.6% exploit linear blockchain, and 10.8% exploit PoS consensus. As deficits, consensus approaches like proof of authority and stake, and unconventional blockchain are rarely used, while blockchain-based gaming concepts such as C1, C8, and C10 are deficient. Ultimately, we expose the advantages and asperities of the reflection of blockchain-stemmed gaming and then extend offers to shrink them.
Tingginya risiko manipulasi data dan lemahnya sistem autentikasi tradisional menimbulkan tantangan serius dalam menjaga keamanan identitas digital. Dampak dari permasalahan ini adalah meningkatnya potensi pencurian data, penyalahgunaan identitas, serta rendahnya tingkat kepercayaan terhadap sistem keamanan digital yang ada. Untuk menjawab tantangan tersebut, penelitian ini mengembangkan sistem autentikasi wajah berbasis blockchain yang aman, transparan, dan terdesentralisasi. Sistem dirancang dengan memanfaatkan algoritma SHA-256 untuk mengubah data wajah menjadi hash yang tidak dapat dibalik, sehingga menjaga privasi dan integritas data pengguna. Informasi identitas dicatat ke dalam blockchain melalui smart contract berbasis Ethereum yang dijalankan menggunakan Ganache, dengan bahasa pemrograman Python dan pustaka face_recognition sebagai deteksi wajah serta web3.py untuk integrasi blockchain. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sistem mampu mengenali wajah secara akurat, memverifikasi identitas secara real-time, serta memastikan data tidak dapat dimanipulasi karena tercatat dalam blockchain. Sistem ini dapat dimanfaatkan oleh institusi pendidikan, perusahaan, maupun instansi pemerintah untuk meningkatkan keamanan akses, sistem absensi, serta perlindungan data sensitif. Penelitian selanjutnya dapat diarahkan pada implementasi di jaringan testnet Ethereum publik agar mendekati skenario dunia nyata, termasuk pengujian biaya gas, performa transaksi, serta integrasi dengan aplikasi berbasis mobile.
Academic certificate verification is plagued by on-going issues of fraud, manipulation, and inefficiency in the digital age, which erodes credibility and trust among people and organizations. Using the Ethereum blockchain's fundamental features of immutability, decentralization, and fraud prevention, this study explores how to safely issue and validate academic cre-dentials. By connecting certificates to tamper-proof cryptographic hashes stored on the blockchain, the suggested system uses smart contracts to automate certificate issuance and validation. The framework greatly reduces credential falsification and simplifies verification for employers and educational institutions by doing away with reliance on centralized authorities and offering transparent, auditable records that are available to authorized stakeholders. Significant gains in security, processing speed, and stakeholder confidence are shown when compared to conventional verification techniques. Significant gains in security, processing speed, and stakeholder confidence are shown when compared to conventional verification techniques. As a strong way to improve trust, integrity, and operational efficiency in international cer-tificate verification procedures, the findings support the use of blockchain technology in academic credential management.
Yerlan Kistaubayev, Francisco Liébana‐Cabanillas, Aijaz A. Shaikh, Galimkair Mutanov · 6 authors
It has been recognized that Blockchain technology contributes to environmentally sustainable development goals (SDGs). It has emerged as a disruptive innovation capable of transforming various economic and social sectors significantly. This conceptual paper is driven by the need to explore how blockchain, specifically a consortium-based Ethereum architecture, can be integrated into higher education institutions to ensure data sovereignty, integrity, and verifiability while adhering to legal and ethical standards such as GDPR. We propose a multi-layered blockchain-based model for Kazakhstan’s Unified Platform of Higher Education (UPHE). This model employs hybrid on-chain/off-chain data storage, smart contract automation, and a Proof-of-Authority consensus mechanism to address system limitations, including data centralization and inadequate verification of academic credentials. Empirical simulations using Blockscout and Ethereum-compatible tools demonstrate the model’s feasibility and performance. This paper contributes to the growing discussion on educational blockchain applications by presenting a scalable, secure, and transparent architecture that aligns with institutional governance and Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) principles. It also supports the objectives of UN SDG 4 (i.e., Quality education) by fostering trust, transparency, and equitable access to verifiable educational credentials.
Abstract In digital higher education, digital transformation is mandatory. Blockchain technology, with its unique features of distributed ledgers, consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and traceability, provides a new perspective for digital educational resource platforms. In this study, a blockchain-based design was proposed for an open service platform for digital education resources in universities. The platform addresses challenges such as limited openness, complex resource copyright certification, and difficulty in effectively ensuring resource security and quality. The platform offers resource publishing, resource trading, operation management, and interface management ensuring data security using the distributed ledger of blockchain. Consensus mechanisms and smart contracts are used to ensure fairness and efficiency in platform operation and automate resource transactions. Traceability is utilized to ensure the certification and protection of resource copyrights.
Dini Rohmayani, Ilham Alfath, Castaka Agus Sugianto
Abstrak - Implementasi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) sering menghadapi masalah permanensi data karena ketergantungan pada penyimpanan terpusat yang rentan terhadap penghapusan dan perubahan. Penelitian ini mengembangkan aplikasi web berbasis Decentralized Application (DApp) untuk pembuatan Non-Fungible Token (NFT) yang mengintegrasikan InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) dengan Smart Contract ERC-721 pada blockchain Ethereum. Metode pengembangan menggunakan pendekatan waterfall dengan implementasi React.js dan Next.js untuk frontend serta Solidity untuk smart contract. Sistem dirancang dengan arsitektur three-tier yang memfasilitasi pembuatan koleksi Non-Fungible Token (NFT) melalui kontrak Factory dan pengelolaan token melalui NFTCollection, dengan metadata dan aset digital disimpan menggunakan Content Identifier (CID) pada InterPlanetary File System (IPFS). Pengujian blackbox menunjukkan seluruh fungsi sistem berjalan sesuai spesifikasi, sementara User Acceptance Testing (UAT) dengan 24 responden menghasilkan tingkat penerimaan 90%. Hasil penelitian membuktikan bahwa integrasi InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) dengan smart contract ERC-721 dapat mengatasi permasalahan permanensi metadata dan aset digital, sekaligus menyederhanakan proses minting Non-Fungible Token (NFT) bagi pengguna non-teknis melalui antarmuka yang intuitif.Kata kunci: Non-Fungible Token (NFT); ERC-721; IPFS; Kontrak Pintar; Blockchain; Abstract - Podo Practical implementations of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) often face data permanence issues due to reliance on centralized storage systems vulnerable to deletion and modification. This research develops a web-based Decentralized Application (DApp) for NFT creation that integrates the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) with ERC-721 Smart Contracts on the Ethereum blockchain. The development methodology employs a waterfall approach with React.js and Next.js for frontend implementation and Solidity for smart contracts. The system is designed with a three-tier architecture facilitating NFT collection creation through the NFTFactory contract and token management through NFTCollection, with metadata and digital assets stored using Content Identifiers (CID) on IPFS. Black box testing demonstrates that all system functions operate according to specifications, while User Acceptance Testing (UAT) with 24 respondents yields an acceptance rate of 90%. The research findings prove that integrating IPFS with ERC-721 smart contracts addresses metadata and digital asset permanence issues while simplifying the NFT minting process for non-technical users through an intuitive interface.Keywords: Non-Fungible Token (NFT); ERC-721; IPFS; Smart Contract; Blockchain;
Alexia Marcu, Flavia Antăluţe, Adrian Alexandrescu
In response to the growing demand for secure, transparent, and adaptive digital education systems, this paper presents a novel decentralized platform that redefines how learning outcomes are assessed, stored, and certified. The proposed architecture integrates blockchain technology, dynamic non-fungible tokens (dNFTs), and artificial intelligence to establish a verifiable and learner-centric educational ecosystem. Decentralized storage is handled via InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), secured through hybrid encryption and controlled access, ensuring that sensitive data such as assessments and performance records remain both confidential and tamper-proof.A distinctive feature of the platform is the use of dynamic dNFTs to represent and continuously update each learner’s academic progress. Unlike static certificates, these credentials evolve as students complete assessments and advance through course material, offering a transparent and verifiable record of learning achievements anchored on the blockchain. Each dNFT encodes metadata such as course names, skill levels, and timestamps, ensuring long-term integrity and resistance to tampering. Complemented by an AI module for personalized test generation, this model replaces traditional certification with an adaptive, decentralized alternative that enhances trust, autonomy, and credential portability across educational and professional domains.
Flavia Antăluţe, Alexia Marcu, Adrian Alexandrescu
EduPlay is an interactive educational platform that reimagines traditional homework as a personalized, engaging, and secure experience for middle school students. Combining blockchain technology, gamification, and decentralized storage via IPFS (InterPlanetary File System), EduPlay ensures transparency, authorship traceability, and student motivation. Learners complete tasks using an intuitive visual canvas, and in collaborative projects, each user’s contribution is automatically recorded and verifiably linked to their identity on the blockchain.A central feature of EduPlay is its use NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) as immutable certificates of achievement. Blockchain is also used for tracking collectible cards within a trading system. Students are encouraged to build collections, trade cards with peers, and unlock learning incentives, making academic progress tangible and engaging.Teachers can create and evaluate assignments with customizable templates and receive real-time insights into student performance. Parents gain visibility into their child’s progress through a dedicated dashboard. EduPlay promotes creativity, collaboration, and transparent learning outcomes in a gamified, student-centered environment.
Fernando Hose, Florika Censaka, Ricky Andrian Wijaya, Jennifer · 6 authors
Perkembangan era digital meningkatkan risiko terhadap identitas digital dan privasi data, sehingga dibutuhkan mekanisme keamanan yang lebih adaptif. Zero-Trust Architecture (ZTA) hadir dengan prinsip “never trust, always verify”, sementara blockchain menawarkan sistem desentralisasi yang transparan dan tahan manipulasi. Kajian ini bertujuan menganalisis peran blockchain dalam memperkuat ZTA, khususnya pada aspek autentikasi dan pengelolaan identitas. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif berbasis studi kasus dengan analisis literatur dan dokumen, hasil menunjukkan bahwa penerapan Decentralized Identifiers (DID) dan Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) memungkinkan pengguna mengendalikan data pribadi, serta memperkuat auditabilitas, verifikasi berlapis, dan privasi melalui smart contract serta zero-knowledge proofs. Namun, integrasi blockchain-ZTA masih menghadapi tantangan berupa skalabilitas, manajemen kunci, dan kepatuhan regulasi. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan pendekatan hybrid dan regulasi yang adaptif agar integrasi ini dapat menjadi fondasi keamanan digital yang andal dan berkelanjutan.
Yan Watequlis Syaifudin, Daffa Cahyo Alghifari, Gunawan Budiprasetyo, N. Funabiki · 9 authors
Carbon credit trading is an evolving system that aims to mitigate climate change by providing financial incentives to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, where each carbon credit corresponds to the right to emit one ton of carbon dioxide or its equivalent. Indonesia’s carbon market, which leverages blue carbon credits from coastal ecosystems, is estimated to have an economic potential of approximately USD 25 billion between 2022 and 2026. Decentralized carbon credit trading leverages blockchain technology to create a transparent and secure marketplace that fosters peer-to-peer connections and democratizes access, utilizing features such as smart contracts and tokenization to enhance efficiency and reduce transaction costs. The study presents a model for a decentralized marketplace that incorporates a streamlined workflow, a blockchain framework, and automated processes via smart contracts, further enabling tokenization of carbon credits into ERC-20 tokens. However, implementing this system in Indonesia entails navigating regulatory compliance with environmental and financial laws while overcoming challenges such as interoperability with existing systems, fostering user adoption, and addressing market fragmentation to assure the integrity and success of the market.
Adzin Zhalifunnas, Alexander Agung Santoso Gunawan, Andien Dwi Novika
Indonesia's fractured KYC processes have resulted in inefficient verification steps, high costs, and poor user experience, which remains prohibitive to financial inclusion; even amidst tremendous digital growth in the country (93M internet users and a 300% payment increase from 2018 to 2019). This paper's proposed Future KYC (FKYC) is a blockchain framework that leverages Base Blockchain (Layer 2 Ethereum) for on-chain verification hashes and encrypted off-chain KYC data storage. Using an incremental development process, FKYC is developed as a hybrid framework utilizing the combination of multiple actors, for KYC that meets this standard's requirements and allows for verification across institutions via roles-based access control (individuals, institutions, or regulators) while minimizing or eliminating duplicate or redundant checks. The prototype illustrates cryptographic separation between the public hashes (on-chain) and private data (off-chain), providing privacy while conforming to Indonesia data localization laws. FKYC is designed to provide an efficient and scalable solution for lowering costs and expanding financial access; however, to realize its potential requires off-chain integration to be completed, institutional workflows to be modified, and policy frameworks for financial institutions to collaboratively develop.
Sudarsono Sudarsono, Adhi Surya Harahap, John Sihar Manurung
This study reviews recent international literature (2024–2025) on the application of blockchain in financial management. The findings indicate that blockchain contributes significantly across various areas, including supply chain finance (SCF), financial reporting, working capital management, asset tokenization, and decentralized finance (DeFi). In SCF, blockchain improves transaction traceability, reduces information asymmetry, and lowers the risk of supply chain disruptions. In financial reporting, blockchain-based e-invoicing enhances transparency, accountability, and reduces the cost of equity by improving investor confidence. The integration of blockchain into working capital management enables real-time synchronization of financial and operational data, thereby strengthening decision-making and liquidity optimization. Meanwhile, asset tokenization creates opportunities for democratizing investment access and diversifying funding sources. DeFi, while offering innovative financing alternatives and disrupting traditional financial intermediaries, remains strongly influenced by global macroeconomic dynamics and regulatory frameworks. Furthermore, blockchain enhances cross-border trade efficiency by streamlining document verification, reducing transaction delays, and fostering trust among international trading partners. Despite these substantial benefits, blockchain adoption continues to face challenges, such as regulatory uncertainty, cybersecurity risks, scalability limitations, and digital asset volatility. Overall, the synthesis of literature highlights blockchain not only as a technological innovation but also as a strategic pillar in modern financial governance. This study also suggests that future research should examine the integration of blockchain with global regulatory frameworks, green finance initiatives, and sustainable financial practices to ensure both scalability and long-term resilience.
Permasalahan manipulasi data dalam sistem presensi konvensional, seperti presensi fiktif dan pengubahan waktu kehadiran, masih sering terjadi di berbagai organisasi, termasuk Asosiasi Planters Muda Indonesia (APMI). Sistem manual tidak dapat menjamin keakuratan maupun keamanan data. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan pendekatan baru yang lebih andal dalam autentikasi dan pencatatan kehadiran. Autentikasi biometrik berbasis face recognition menjadi alternatif menjanjikan karena mampu mengenali identitas secara otomatis. Namun, untuk menjaga integritas data, diperlukan teknologi blockchain guna mencatat informasi secara aman dan tidak dapat dimodifikasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengembangkan sistem presensi berbasis face recognition yang terintegrasi dengan blockchain guna menghadirkan solusi yang praktis serta meningkatkan keamanan dan privasi data presensi. Sistem dibangun menggunakan Python dengan library utama face_recognition dan OpenCV untuk deteksi wajah, serta Flask sebagai backend web. Data presensi disimpan pada database lokal (XAMPP) dan dicatat dalam bentuk hash ke blockchain lokal (Ganache) berbasis Ethereum melalui smart contract dan Web3. Pengujian dilakukan terhadap aspek fungsionalitas, akurasi pengenalan wajah pada berbagai kondisi, serta validasi hash untuk mendeteksi manipulasi data. Hasil menunjukkan sistem mampu mengenali wajah secara akurat, mencatat hash secara permanen di blockchain, dan mendeteksi perubahan data di database lokal. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa integrasi face recognition dan blockchain memberikan solusi presensi yang praktis serta meningkatkan keamanan dan privasi data.
Aditya Choudhary, Amol P. Bhagat, D. P. Kothari, Praveen Choudhary
This This paper explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology across various sectors, positioning it as a digital alchemy capable of reshaping the foundations of trust, transparency, and decentralization in the digital age. Moving beyond its initial association with cryptocurrencies, blockchain is analyzed as a multi-dimensional framework for secure, immutable, and decentralized data management. Through a synthesis of technical insights, case studies, and emerging trends, we investigate blockchain’s capacity to revolutionize domains such as finance, supply chains, governance, and healthcare. The study also critically examines the limitations, scalability challenges, and ethical considerations surrounding widespread adoption. Ultimately, this paper argues that blockchain is not merely a disruptive technology but a foundational infrastructure that could redefine how value, information, and authority are exchanged in digital ecosystems.
This Research Paper examines the implementation of blockchain-based decentralized applications (DApps) for the secure sharing of student credentials. The study begins by defining DApps and exploring how blockchain technology can enhance security and transparency in credential verification. Key aspects of blockchain technology, such as distributed ledger systems and consensus mechanisms, are discussed, along with their advantages, including immutability and decentralization. The implementation of the DApp is then reviewed, covering client-server communication interfaces and integration with existing credential systems. Additionally, the design and functionality of smart contracts are analyzed, emphasizing their role in automating processes and reducing security risks in credential sharing. Various real-world applications and use cases are presented, highlighting successful implementations. The analysis further explores the benefits and applications resulting from these implementations, as well as the challenges and limitations of adopting blockchain for credential sharing, including technical, legal, and privacy concerns. Finally, the study considers future applications of blockchain technology in education and its potential integration with emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT).
Blockchain is a decentralized framework that distributes and secures data across a network, eliminating the need for centralized control. Its potential has been especially noted in the field of digital voting, where traditional methods often struggle with issues like tampering, limited transparency, and lack of trust. This research sets up a private Ethereum environment using Geth, configured with a Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism, to deploy a custom voting smart contract. Developed in Solidity and implemented via the Remix IDE, the contract is designed to enforce secure and efficient voting. The performance of the private PoA network was then compared with the Ethereum Sepolia public test network and private blockchain network Kurtosis using Proof of Stake (PoS). Experimental results show that Geth PoA successfully executed all smart contract functions with significantly lower gas costs and faster block times compared to Sepolia and Kurtosis. These findings demonstrate that Geth PoA offers a lightweight, efficient, and reliable platform for running smart contracts in controlled environments such as institutions or organizations. Based on these results, we can conclude that Geth PoA is a solid option for running smart contracts.
Reynald Dian Kristiawan, Ridwan Sanjaya, T. Brenda Chandrawati
Crowdfunding is now a significant source of financing in the form of small sums of money from many individuals through internet websites. It is a significant source of backup for raising finance, especially for student research work, because it is a quicker and more convenient way to raise capital. Traditional crowdfunding websites are beset with issues regarding security threats in the form of fund misuse, manipulation, and data intrusion, detracting from trustworthiness and performance. This article recommends the use of blockchain technology as a solution to these issues. Blockchain's immutability, transparency, and decentralization ensure secure transactions and solve data integrity concerns. The principal elements of blockchain, including immutability, transparency, security, and smart contracts, are mentioned, demonstrating their role in enhancing crowdfunding for student research.
This research presents a decentralized platform for academic credential verification using blockchain technology. The system allows students to store and share their school diplomas in a secure, tamper-evident format. By leveraging smart contracts, diploma issuance and verification are automated, enabling educational qualifications to be independently verified without manual intervention. The proposed system significantly reduces verification time, requiring only 400 milliseconds for an individual diploma and less than 2 seconds for a complete document. These performance metrics demonstrate the system's efficiency in real-world use. Employers can validate job applicants' credentials directly through the blockchain, reducing administrative workload and improving trust in academic records. The solution benefits students, educational institutions, and employers alike by ensuring the authenticity and integrity of issued diplomas through a decentralized and transparent infrastructure.
Gunasekar Thangarasu, Kayalvizhi Subramanian, Nattar Kannan, Carmel Mary Belinda M J · 6 authors
Blockchain technology has become a changing agent in many different sectors when open, permanent decentralized ledgers are presented. But the spread of several blockchain systems has upset ecosystems, so networks find it more difficult to exchange data and operate coherently. Currently mostly applied is the answer for interoperability issues in homogeneous blockchain systems, so creating a major hole in communication between many platforms. This work intends to develop an algorithm and conceptual framework to enable communication between two independent blockchain systems, Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric. Using an Interoperability between Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum Using Hyperledger Cactus (IHFEUC) approach, it evaluates numerous blockchain interoperability for organ donation system. Then criteria are created to choose Hyperledger Fabric and Ethereum as models of interoperability testing. Hyperledger Cactus conceptual framework employing IHFEUC makes possible the elements and connections between the two networks. By way of simple interoperable communication between Ethereum and Hyperledger Fabric, experimentally achieved results guarantee efficiency and interoperability in organ donation transactions.
The transformation of digital payment systems through blockchain technology has brought new challenges and opportunities in the development of secure, efficient, and decentralized crypto tokens. One emerging approach is the use of smart contract-based tokens, such as ERC-20 tokens running on the Ethereum network. This research proposes the design and implementation of the SDSPay (SDS) token as a prototype Ethereum-based ERC-20 token, with a modern smart contract approach to meet the needs of a more efficient and secure digital payment system. The SDS token adopts the basic ERC-20 standard but is equipped with advanced features that enhance functionality and security, such as role-based access control (RBAC) to regulate access and control over transactions, pauseable transactions to pause transactions if necessary, and compatibility with EIP-2612 permits that enable more efficient transaction authorization in terms of gas. These features are designed to improve the efficiency and security of transactions on blockchain networks, thus enabling the use of tokens in a more reliable digital payment system. The SDS token prototype was tested on the Sepolia Testnet using Remix IDE and MetaMask to develop and manage smart contracts. Additionally, a static security audit was conducted using Slither Analyzer to detect potential vulnerabilities. The test results showed that the SDS token was successfully deployed and performed well, with an average transaction time of 10–12 seconds and stable gas fees. The Slither audit also found no significant vulnerabilities, indicating that the smart contract structure adheres to security best practices. This study confirms that the development of standardized smart contract-based tokens can be carried out using an efficient, reliable, and replicable methodology for other applications in future blockchain-based payment systems. This implementation of the SDSPay (SDS) token can serve as a foundation for designing secure and efficient digital payment systems, paving the way for the broader development of blockchain technology.
Cryptocurrency, atau mata uang kripto, merupakan bentuk aset digital yang memanfaatkan teknologi kriptografi untuk mengamankan transaksi, mengontrol penciptaan unit-unit baru, serta memverifikasi transfer aset yang ada. Mata uang kripto yang pertama kali diperkenalkan adalah Bitcoin. Salah satu keunikan dari cryptocurrency, termasuk Bitcoin, adalah sifatnya yang terdesentralisasi, artinya tidak diatur oleh lembaga pusat seperti bank atau pemerintah, melainkan menggunakan teknologi blockchain. Perubahan harga Bitcoin dapat terjadi secara cepat dan drastis dalam waktu singkat, sehingga sulit diprediksi secara akurat. Untuk menangani permasalahan prediksi harga pada aset yang sangat volatil seperti Bitcoin, digunakan berbagai pendekatan algoritma pemodelan data, salah satunya adalah algoritma Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa time step harian (1 hari) menghasilkan nilai RMSE terkecil, yaitu 1823.24 atau 2.86% dari rata-rata nilai aktual.
Fluktuasi harga Bitcoin telah menarik perhatian global, terutama terkait dengan pengaruh sentimen publik terhadap dinamika pasar. Penelitian ini menyajikan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) yang memeriksa analisis sentimen publik terkait Bitcoin, berdasarkan artikel yang diterbitkan antara 2020 hingga 2025. Artikel-artikel ini diambil dari database ilmiah terkemuka dan dianalisis menggunakan protokol PRISMA. Sebanyak 42 studi dipilih dan dikelompokkan berdasarkan teknik analisis sentimen dan sumber data. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model deep learning, terutama LSTM dan GRU, merupakan pendekatan yang paling sering digunakan dalam penelitian terbaru mengenai analisis sentimen Bitcoin. Sumber data utama adalah Twitter, yang dipilih karena sifatnya yang real-time dan dapat diakses publik, meskipun beberapa studi juga memanfaatkan artikel berita dan platform media sosial lainnya untuk menangkap sentimen yang lebih luas. Selain itu, tinjauan ini menyoroti pentingnya teknik preprocessing data, seperti tokenisasi dan penyaringan noise, dalam meningkatkan akurasi klasifikasi sentimen. Penelitian ini memberikan sintesis komprehensif dari tren metodologis terkini, mengidentifikasi tantangan yang ada, serta menawarkan wawasan untuk penelitian masa depan di bidang analisis sentimen dalam cryptocurrency.