SPT × VLSA: Novel Contributions and Scale Proof (Sprute, 2026) This paper presents five original contributions to civilizational protocol theory organized under the SPT triad (Security · Privacy · Trust) and validates them through the ERES VLSA (Very-Large System Architecture) scale test — 91 tests, 100% pass rate, spanning seven orders of magnitude from a personal THOW (~30m²) to an interstellar generation ship. The five contributions map the ERES Institute's 6 Key Development Areas onto the internet's three-tier protocol stack (TCP/HTTPS/WEB3), addressing gaps no existing standard resolves. Under Security: the Energy–Security Dependency identifies every TLS session's security as bounded by its energy supply's sustainability, resolved through SECUIR circular energy; Emergency Retransmission establishes architectural identity between peacetime and crisis delivery via GunnySack Storm Party. Under Privacy: State-Aware Identity introduces psycho-physiological coherence (ARI) into the authentication handshake with zero-knowledge sovereign disclosure through BERA/FAVORS. Under Trust: Semantic Authentication verifies the meaning of exchanges across CyberRAVE's 72-domain × 3-dimension × 3-codex evaluation space (648 semantic coordinates); Proof-of-Resonance introduces a third consensus class where bio-electric coherence — not computational expenditure — validates transactions through Meritcoin ("It's not mining — it's tuning"). The central finding is fractal scale invariance: FDRV at maximum scale IS the interstellar vessel, and the THOW is its test article. A worked medical exchange example demonstrates all five contributions operating simultaneously on a single transaction. Companion to ERES Institute: Complete Architecture (Sprute, 2026). Published under CCAL v2.1.
The emergence of decentralized finance (DeFi) has prompted a new, highly interwoven financial system in which the stability of the financial system is fundamentally dependent upon the existence of digital assets, in particular stablecoins, that serve as both a method of conducting transactions, collateral, and a source of liquidity. Although DeFi is said to be efficient, programmable, and disintermediated, the structural complexity and composability of the DeFi system also create new systemic- risk channels that are similar to the impact of fragilities in conventional finance (Auer et al., 2024; Xu et al., 2024). The role of stablecoins in this architecture is to facilitate trading, leverage, and settlement of protocols, though the design and collateralization process puts them at risk of derailing the stablecoin and liquidity shocks and runs (Catalini et al., 2022; Hoang and Baur, 2024). These dynamics are similar to traditional bank run and liquidity crisis theories, in which the lack of coordination and redemption could cause damaging withdrawal effects (Diamond and Dybvig, 1983; Bernardo and Welch, 2004). In the case of the elements of DeFi, the volatility can spread very quickly between lending pools, automated market makers, and cross-chain bridges, facilitating the transfer of stress and volatility across platforms and asset classes (Zieba et al., 2019; Pagnottoni, 2023). The lack of centralized backstops, along with the algorithmic governance and large leverage, also serves to further enhance the risk of local perturbations developing into system-wide contagion. Such vulnerabilities have increased the arguments for risk-sensitive system design, greater transparency, and regulatory coordination to reduce spillovers to the financial system more generally (FSB, 2018; Manaa et al., 2021; Fantacci and Gobbi, 2024). Altogether, the discussion shows that the concept of stablecoins is an important crossroads in the stability environment of DeFi: not only do they allow markets to operate, but also they are a primary medium through which runs and shocks are propagated. The knowledge of these mechanisms is paramount in the formation of the resilient protocol design, supervisory systems, and eventual research on systemic risk of programmable financial systems.
The centralization of digital content creation and credentialing platforms has resulted in opaque monetization structures, monopolistic data silos, and a persistent absence of verifiable user sovereignty over intellectual contributions. This paper introduces Metaplay, a decentralized content marketplace architecture engineered to disintermediate the content creation and talent development lifecycle. Leveraging a modular blockchain framework, Metaplay utilizes Zero-Knowledge Rollups (zkEVM) for high-throughput, low-latency execution, and EIP-4844 blob-carrying transactions to minimize data availability costs. We introduce a privacy-preserving credentialing mechanism utilizing Soulbound Tokens (SBTs) and zk-SNARKs, enabling non-transferable, cryptographically verifiable proof of skill acquisition without compromising user privacy. Platform moderation employs a Decentralized Autonomous Organization with Identity-Gated Quadratic Voting to mitigate plutocratic governance capture. A dual-token incentive model (PLAY utility token and CRED reputation token) aligns creator economic incentives with verifiable content quality. Comparative benchmarks demonstrate transaction cost reductions exceeding 95% relative to Ethereum Layer-1 baselines.
Sara Aguincha, Emanuel Nunes, Samih Eisa, Miguel L. Pardal
Sensor technologies have evolved to a point where it is now practical to monitor products along the supply chain. The collected data can be stored in a decentralized way using blockchain technology. However, ensuring the reliability of the sensed data is a critical challenge. In other words, we need to trust the data that we write to the blockchain. In this work, we propose ChainGuards, a decentralized system that uses product-specific rules to verify data collected across the supply chain, with particular focus on sensor-derived information, issuing warnings and triggering audits when anomalies are detected. We evaluated ChainGuards using data from a real cherry supply chain deployment. The result shows that the implemented solution provides reliable verification of supply chain data with low performance overhead, able to correctly detect data discrepancies and inconsistencies.
This paper derives the complete kinematic and dynamical framework of special relativity from first principles using only discrete lattice dynamics. No prior knowledge of Lorentz transformations, continuous spacetime, or quantum field theory is assumed. Part I: Emergent Kinematics Six axioms define a 3D FCC lattice with discrete time evolution. The central axiom (A3*) encodes two-tick memory: each node remembers two previous states. This single requirement generates the entire relativistic framework: Speed of light: c = ℓ/τ₀ (maximum cascade rate, 1 hop per tick). Explicit. Subluminal massive particles: v = c·U(W) < c (budget throttling). Explicit. Rest energy: E₀ = mc² (stationary self-replication cost). Explicit. Dispersion relation: E² = p²c² + m²c⁴ (from second-order wave dynamics). Explicit. Minkowski interval: ds² = c²dt² − dx² (emergent, not postulated). Explicit. Lorentz invariance: symmetry group of the wave equation on orthogonal lattice. Explicit. Chain of implication: Two-tick memory → Inertia → Second-order dynamics → Wave equation → Hyperbolic PDE → Lorentzian signature. Einstein's two postulates are derived, not assumed. Part II: Stochastic Lattice Dynamics Defect evolution is modelled as a stochastic counting process on FCC nodes, expressed in geobits — the natural information unit of the lattice (1 geobit = 1/Z_geom of full node capacity). Four independent results: Time dilation from information load (Explicit): dτ/dt = 1 − W/Z_geom. A heavier defect updates more slowly, experiencing less proper time per global tick. At channel saturation (W → Z_geom), proper time stops — deriving gravitational time dilation from information throttling. Absolute electron stability (Explicit): Charge conservation is a global constraint; lattice dynamics is local (k = 12 neighbors per tick). Their incompatibility forbids single-tick discharge. The electron is stable without invoking Noether's theorem — it is topological, not dynamical, protection. Phase-space identity (Explicit): The Fermi three-body phase-space factor 192π³ is identically equal to τ_proj^d · d · π^d = 4³ · 3 · π³ = (4π)³ · 3, revealing it as the projection volume — the cost of embedding a d-dimensional decay in a carrier with 4-bit projection tax. Muon lifetime (Ansatz, 96.8%): τ_μ = 2·Z_geom⁵·(144/89)⁵·(4φ³)⁵·(4π)³·3 / VEV × ℏ = 2.27 × 10⁻⁶ s. Experiment: 2.20 × 10⁻⁶ s. Zero free parameters. Every factor has an identified geometric origin. Key Results Table Result ORT Experiment Status Speed of light c = ℓ/τ₀ 2.998 × 10⁸ m/s Explicit Dispersion relation E² = p²c² + m²c⁴ Confirmed Explicit Minkowski interval ds² = c²dt² − dx² Confirmed Explicit Time dilation dτ/dt = 1 − W/Z_geom GR limit Explicit Electron stability p_D = 0 (isolated) > 10²⁸ yr Explicit Phase-space identity 192π³ = (4π)³·3 192π³ Explicit G_F 1.165 × 10⁻⁵ GeV⁻² 1.166 × 10⁻⁵ GeV⁻² Explicit (99.9%) Muon lifetime 2.27 × 10⁻⁶ s 2.20 × 10⁻⁶ s Ansatz (96.8%) τ_μ / τ_τ 7.43 × 10⁶ 7.6 × 10⁶ Ansatz (97.8%) Universal Factor (k−1)/2 = 5.5 The number of bidirectional evacuation channels on an FCC node — derived from 6 antipodal pairs minus half a blocked pair — governs both lepton decay ratios and the cosmological dark-matter-to-baryon ratio (Ω_DM/Ω_b = 5.5; experiment: 5.47; accuracy 99.5%). One geometry, two consequences: particle physics and cosmology are projections of a single lattice. Falsifiability Planck-scale Lorentz violation: modified dispersion relation with η·p⁴c⁴/E_P² correction. Testable via gamma-ray burst timing (Fermi LAT). If Lorentz invariance is exact beyond E > 10²⁰ GeV, ORT lattice spacing is falsified. If diffusive (first-order) particle dynamics are ever observed, Axiom 3* is falsified. What's New in v2.0 Part II added: complete stochastic dynamics framework (counting process, martingale, geobits) Time dilation derived from information-load throttling Electron stability proved from locality + global charge Phase-space identity 192π³ = (4π)^d · d discovered and proved Muon lifetime computed to 96.8% accuracy with zero free parameters Lifetime ratio τ_μ/τ_τ computed to 97.8% accuracy Consistency with Paper L dynamics established via U(W) = 1 − W/Z_geom Axiom 3* linked to jet tower theorem (Paper Zero) Dependencies Paper Zero v1.1 (jet tower, source equation) · Paper A v9.1 (Z_geom, impedance sectors) · Paper B v2.0 (lepton cascade operators) · Paper G v1.2 (information bottleneck, K_cell) · Paper M v3.0 (mass from closure, VEV) · Paper Q v2.1 (executability, FCC) · Paper S v2.0 (Z₂ symmetry) · Dark Matter Letter v1.0 Open Problems N-1: Exact Lorentz violation parameter η from FCC geometry N-2: Explicit rewrite rule R consistent with martingale + Lorentz N-3: Absolute tau lifetime including hadronic channels N-4: Phase-space factor from lattice first principles N-5: Exact W-to-mass mapping from carrier geometry N-6: Proof that (k−1)/2 enters decay rates from FCC combinatorics The lattice speaks. Zero parameters. One geometry.
Traditional finance developed the XVA framework — encompassing Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA), Funding Valuation Adjustment (FVA), Margin Valuation Adjustment (MVA), and related components — in direct response to the systemic failures exposed by the 2008 financial crisis. The framework's central insight is that derivatives cannot be priced in isolation from the costs imposed by counterparty default risk, collateral funding, and regulatory capital. These adjustments are now standard practice at every major financial institution. As institutional capital increasingly flows into digital asset markets, and as the intersection of decentralized finance (DeFi) and traditional finance (TradFi) deepens structurally, a critical pricing gap has emerged: the absence of a rigorous Crypto XVA™ framework that addresses the unique risk characteristics of blockchain-based financial instruments. Prior scholarship has examined smart contracts as potential eliminators of counterparty risk (Morini & Sams 2015; Fries & Kohl-Landgraf 2018), but has not systematically constructed the affirmative case for a crypto-native valuation adjustment architecture. This paper addresses that gap through a framework of nine distinct adjustment categories organized in three tiers: Protocol-Level (SCVA, OVA, LRVA, BRVA, GVA), Asset-Level (SVA, TVLVA, LCVA), and Cross-Protocol / Network-Level, introduced in this revision through the Composability Valuation Adjustment (CompVA) — the fair-value reserve for propagation risk invisible to protocol- and asset-level adjustments, and the dominant loss channel in the April 18–19, 2026 Aave / Kelp DAO / LayerZero cascade, in which a bridge exploit at one protocol produced multi-billion-dollar TVL impact at uncompromised peer protocols. The framework is explicitly oriented to the fair-value-measurement regime — ASC 820 in the United States and IFRS 13 under IFRS — and is positioned alongside the presently divergent capital-adequacy regimes: the Basel Committee's Working Paper 44 and SCO60, which charge higher capital for permissionless infrastructure, and the March 2026 OCC / Federal Reserve / FDIC interagency FAQs, which adopt a technology-neutral capital rule. Both frameworks address capital adequacy; neither addresses measurement. Crypto XVA provides the missing measurement architecture, in which jurisdictional regulatory divergence itself enters fair value as a priced input through LCVA and the Tier III network correlations. The paper also examines what we term the Smart Contract XVA Paradox: prior claims that smart contracts eliminate counterparty risk are technically accurate but misleading. The correct statement is that DeFi transforms counterparty risk into smart contract risk; the net effect on total valuation adjustment depends on protocol-specific characteristics and cannot be assumed directionally. Because oracle parameters in DeFi are endogenous and programmable, Crypto XVA operates not only as a measurement architecture but as a control framework for protocol governance.
Este boletim quinzenal gratuito visa analisar o comportamento do Bitcoin, um ativo financeiro digital, oferecendo notícias, análises gráficas e informações sobre as mais recentes novidades, softwares e aplicativos relacionados a essa criptomoeda. Nosso objetivo é enriquecer as discussões em torno da cultura do Bitcoin, colaborando com a Amauta, uma instituição de economia criativa que busca disseminar conhecimento sobre inovação, educação e finanças na comunidade acadêmica e empresarial. Esperamos que este trabalho represente uma contribuição valiosa para o debate. Reconhecemos a importância do Bitcoin e seu impacto na economia global, motivo pelo qual nos dedicamos a fornecer informações atualizadas aos nossos leitores. Acreditamos que ao promover discussões e compreensão sobre o Bitcoin, podemos incentivar a adoção e o uso responsável dessa tecnologia disruptiva. Para além das análises e informações sobre o Bitcoin, incentivamos ativamente nossos leitores a se educarem sobre finanças pessoais e investimentos. Acreditamos que, munidos do conhecimento adequado, todos podem tomar decisões financeiras inteligentes e bem informadas. Comprometemo-nos a fornecer informações de alta qualidade e precisas, esforçando-nos para manter nossos leitores atualizados sobre as últimas tendências e desenvolvimentos no mundo do Bitcoin. Esperamos que este relatório seja do seu agrado e contribua para uma compreensão mais aprofundada do Bitcoin e das finanças pessoais em geral.
Website: https://manual.warondisease.org/knowledge/appendix/wishocracy-paper.html Abstract: Politicians' votes have near-zero correlation with citizen preferences (Gilens and Page, 2014). Elite preferences predict policy outcomes. No mechanism connects citizen preferences to electoral consequences for representatives. RAPPA: Millions of citizens answer simple pairwise questions ("How would you split \$100 between these two budget categories?"). Geometric mean aggregation produces population-level preference weights from sparse individual responses. Unlike approval voting or ranked choice, RAPPA captures preference *intensity*, not just what people want, but how much they care. Compare aggregated preferences to each legislator's voting record. Publish Citizen Alignment Scores. Channel campaign resources to high-alignment candidates through Incentive Alignment Bonds. The mechanism achieves three properties no prior system combines: minimal cognitive load (~20 comparisons per participant yields statistical convergence), preference intensity capture, and approximate strategy-proofness. At system scale, the Optimal Governance Trajectory reaches 56.7x (95% CI: 19.3x-304x) the Earth baseline after 20 years, raises average income to \$1.16 million (95% CI: \$395,118-\$6.22 million) versus \$20,483 on the status-quo path, reaches \$10.7 quadrillion (95% CI: \$3.64 quadrillion-\$57.2 quadrillion) in total output, and recovers roughly \$101 trillion (95% CI: \$83.3 trillion-\$191 trillion)/year in suppressed value ([The Political Dysfunction Tax](https://political-dysfunction-tax.warondisease.org)). Summary: Representative democracy suffers from an inescapable principal-agent problem where elected officials' incentives diverge from citizen welfare. Wishocracy introduces RAPPA (Randomized Aggregated Pairwise Preference Allocation), which aggregates citizen preferences through cognitively tractable pairwise comparisons and creates accountability via Citizen Alignment Scores that channel electoral resources toward politicians who actually represent what citizens want.
Durante 15 años la misma pregunta ha dividido al mundo: ¿cuánto vale realmente un Bitcoin? Los creyentes responden con narrativas — escasez, adopción, reserva de valor. Los escépticos responden con escepticismo — aire, especulación, nada. Ninguno ha podido probarlo con ciencia. Hasta ahora. Cualquier sistema complejo que procesa energía e información obedece la termodinámica. Bitcoin consume energía física real para procesar información real. Por tanto tiene un estado de equilibrio termodinámico calculable. Ese estado tiene un nombre: MAXIMUSS. MAXIMUSS no se calcula mirando el historial de precios. No usa medias móviles ni indicadores técnicos. Se calcula desde el estado energético actual del sistema usando física pura derivada de los trabajos de Einstein, Landauer y Prigogine. El precio de mercado de Bitcoin es el que se desvía de MAXIMUSS — no al revés. Cuando los especuladores se retiran, BTC regresa a MAXIMUSS. Siempre. La evidencia empírica: 53,559 predicciones en BTC/USD durante enero–marzo 2026 con 91.6% de contención dentro de zonas calculadas desde física pura. Dirección macro correcta tres meses consecutivos. Señal de mínimo de febrero detectada antes de confirmación de precio. Indicadores técnicos utilizados: cero. Bitcoin siempre tuvo un precio físico real. Nadie sabía calcularlo. Este documento presenta el argumento y la evidencia de manera accesible para cualquier persona de la comunidad Bitcoin, independientemente de su formación científica.
We present two new proofs of the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem, the foundational result in social choice theory establishing that every surjective, strategy-proof social choice function on three or more alternatives is dictatorial. Both proofs share a common engine—the Mutual Exclusion of Influence (a six-line theorem showing that two voters cannot both control the same alternative pair at a shared profile while ranking the pair differently)—but diverge in how they derive dictatorship from this principle. The first proof is purely combinatorial: mutual exclusion combined with a transition sequence identifies a uniquely decisive voter without constructing a classical pivotal voter. The second proof is information-theoretic: under the uniform distribution on preference profiles, strategy-proofness yields an exact identity relating conditional outcome entropy to option-set size. The zero-overlap theorem—a measure-theoretic consequence of mutual exclusion—forces influence entropy to concentrate entirely in a single voter, characterizing dictatorship as the unique entropy profile (log |X|, 0, …, 0) compatible with strategy-proofness and surjectivity. To our knowledge, the second proof is the first to establish the Gibbard–Satterthwaite theorem via Shannon-type information-theoretic quantities. The Mutual Exclusion Theorem itself is new and replaces the pivotal-voter construction across all four established proof routes with a single structural principle. Both proofs connect to the Adversarial Aggregation Channel (AAC) framework, in which the influence entropy corresponds to adversarial sub-channel capacity and the mutual exclusion principle instantiates a channel-capacity conservation law.
BACKGROUND: Climate shocks increasingly threaten Africa’s economic and institutional stability, yet their indirect effects through social sectors such as health remain insufficiently understood. Guided by political economy and welfare theory, this study examines how climate-induced disruptions affect access to healthcare, public or institutional trust, and the broader risk of social unrest and attitude towards coups d’état support across African countries. METHODS: The analysis uses cross-sectional data from 53,176 households across Africa and applies an ordered probit model with country fixed effects to account for country size and population structure. RESULTS: Climate shocks notably drought and flood events, significantly reduce access to healthcare services and erode public trust in health governance systems. Diminished health access and declining institutional confidence further increase the likelihood of social unrest and coup events, serving as key mediating channels through which environmental stress contributes to political instability. CONCLUSION: Strengthening climate-resilient health infrastructure, decentralizing public health financing, and investing in highly exposed regions are essential policy responses. Enhancing social protection and institutional credibility can help break the destabilizing feedback loop between environmental shocks, welfare declines, and political unrest.
K. Sundara Krishnan, R. Chithra Devi, Christo Ananth, D. Easwaramoorthy · 8 authors
E-commerce platforms incorporate reviews and reputation systems, allowing retailers and customers to manage and track their financial transactions. Consequently, it is crucial to design a reliable reputation system for the e-commerce environment, as it faces well-documented threats, including sybil attacks, feedback collusion, impersonation, review tampering, and whitewashing attacks. Current centralized systems are vulnerable to impersonation attacks, feedback manipulation, and lack automated verification against collusion-based reputation distortion. These unwanted ratings and reviews are highly correlated with abnormal cyber-attacks that damage both seller reputations and buyer experiences. To address these challenges, we propose a Blockchain-based Two-Level E-Commerce Trustable Reputation Framework (BTL-ETRF) utilizing deep learning-embedded transformers and redactable blockchain systems. Initially, we implement Multi-Factor Authentication for e-commerce users, utilizing three factors: PIN, OTP, and biometric fingerprint, to mitigate impersonation attacks. Only authenticated users are allowed to proceed to the reputation verification stage, where the proposed work considers five major metrics to classify user reputation using the Residual Dilated Convolution Transformer. To automate the reputation verification process, we design and employ two smart contracts, the Authentication Smart Contract and the Reputation Smart Contract which trigger automated actions based on the BTL-ETRF results. All transactions include reputation classification, and triggered actions are stored in the redactable blockchain, which can modify the stored transactions if needed. Finally, we demonstrate the performance of the proposed BTL-ETRF using Python and Ethereum Solidity, and conduct a formal analysis that shows the proposed model outperforms the compared works.
This exploratory note identifies a fundamental ontological asymmetry between the fully Aionic (χ = 0) and fully Khaonic (χ → ∞) limit cases of the Zenetist Expression Spectrum. While the current Structural Physics formalism (SP02–SP04) treats these limit cases as symmetric boundary conditions, this note argues that the ontological character of +1 (Theon, Centropy Itself) and -1 (Nekron, Entropy Itself) introduces a structural asymmetry with consequences for the viability, persistence, and even the possibility of fully Khaonic universes. The note examines three interconnected problems. First, the Emanation Problem: whether a fully Khaonic universe can come to be at all without Source-facing generative capacity, given that -1 exists only as the negation of +1 and has no independent ontological content. Second, the Self-Consumption Problem: even granting emergence, a universe operating exclusively through entropic dimensional operators (E₁₀ Malform, E₁₄ Hollow Nest, E₁₅ Collapse Nova) would consume its relative structural endowment without replenishment — potentially constituting the shortest-lived possible universe. Third, the Stabilization Question: whether the entropic hypostatic arc (IL₅ → IL₁) carries sufficient inherent structural scaffolding to prevent immediate self-annihilation. In all cases, Absolute Structure (Structon) remains invariant; what is at stake is the universe's capacity to express the Lattice in sustained form, not the Lattice itself. By contrast, the fully Aionic limit case faces none of these problems: +1 has independent generative content, and its operative dimensional signatures (C₁₀ Formweave, C₁₄ Nested / Recursive, C₁₅ Emergent / Novel) permit indefinite self-sustaining coherence. An addendum examines the prior question of whether a fully Khaonic universe could materialize at all, given that the entropic hypostatic arc (IL₅ → IL₁) must traverse from immaterial structure to corporeal expression without centropic scaffolding. If -1 has no independent generative content, the arc may stall before producing a corporeal realm — resulting not in a universe that consumes itself, but in one that never arrives: a structural stillbirth at the threshold of embodiment. The note connects these observations to Heidegger's "Das Nichts nichtet" (What Is Metaphysics?), mapping the concept onto VOS (Void of Self) rather than zero (Aion), and draws parallels to traditions describing paradisiacal realms as structural descriptions of fully centropic expression. This is an exploratory document. Formal treatment — including derivation of persistence conditions at the limit cases and possible proof of Khaonic structural impossibility — is deferred to a future Structural Physics Extension (SPX) entry.
Cloud storage systems have become an essential component of modern data management, enabling users to store and access data remotely. However, traditional cloud storage architectures rely on centralized servers, which introduce critical challenges such as single-point failure, redundant data storage, high storage costs, and security vulnerabilities. In earlier systems, data was stored in centralized data centers where duplicate files were often saved multiple times, leading to inefficient utilization of storage resources. Although basic deduplication techniques were used, they frequently compromised data confidentiality and lacked transparency in metadata management. Moreover, failure of the central server could result in permanent data loss. To overcome these limitations, this research system integrates blockchain technology, InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), Convergent Encryption (CE), and heuristic-based chunking techniques to create a secure and decentralized storage framework, hereafter named Blockchain-enabled Heuristic Optimized Deduplication Model (BHODM). In this system, files are divided into optimized chunks using a heuristic method based on file size. Each chunk undergoes CE, where the encryption key is derived from the hash of the data itself, enabling secure deduplication without exposing plaintext information. Duplicate chunks are identified using hash comparison, ensuring that only unique data is stored. The encrypted chunks are stored in IPFS, a decentralized peer-to-peer storage network that eliminates reliance on a single server. Metadata such as file names, block numbers, and hash values are securely stored in an Ethereum blockchain smart contract, ensuring immutability and transparency. The system is implemented using Django for the web application, Web3 for blockchain interaction, IPFS Application Program Interface (API) for distributed storage, and Advanced Encryption Standard in Counter Mode (AES-CTR) encryption for security. By combining decentralized storage, blockchainbased metadata management, and secure deduplication, the proposed model effectively reduces storage overhead, enhances data integrity, and mitigates single-point failures. The system is further evaluated using storage utilization and computation time analysis, demonstrating improved efficiency compared to traditional approaches
The rapid adoption of digital healthcare systems has significantly increased the use of Electronic Health Records (EHR), online appointment platforms, and digital prescription management. While these technologies enhance accessibility and operational efficiency, they also introduce critical challenges related to data confidentiality, secure authentication, record integrity, and protection against unauthorized access. Healthcare data contains highly sensitive personal and medical information, making security a primary concern. Ensuring secure communication and verified access between patients and doctors remains a major challenge in maintaining trust and privacy within digital healthcare environments. Many existing healthcare management systems rely on centralized storage models and basic authentication mechanisms, exposing them to risks such as data breaches, impersonation attacks, and unauthorized record modification. Although basic encryption mechanisms may be applied to protect stored data, key management and authentication processes often rely on standard approaches without decentralized verification or advanced cryptographic reinforcement. As a result, centralized architecture creates a single point of failure, increasing vulnerability to unauthorized access, data tampering, and weak identity verification. Limited transparency and auditability further restrict effective monitoring of data usage and system activities. To address these issues, the proposed system introduces Quantum Crypt (QC), a hybrid security approach that integrates blockchain technology with Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) concepts and advanced encryption mechanisms. Medical reports and prescriptions are secured using the Advanced Encryption Standard in Cipher Block Chaining mode (AES-CBC), with encryption keys generated through a quantum-inspired mechanism. Authentication is enhanced through a lattice-inspired model implemented via Qiskit-based quantum circuit simulation to ensure secure key validation between patients and doctors. Blockchain integration using Web3 and smart contracts ensures immutable storage of healthcare records, improving transparency, strengthening data integrity, and enabling controlled access within the digital healthcare ecosystem.
I Putu Wahyu Krisna Permadi, Made Adi Paramartha Putra, Ida Bagus Kresna Sudiatmika
Industri tanaman hias aglonema memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan membutuhkan sistem pencatatan varietas yang akurat serta dapat ditelusuri. Namun, pencatatan varietas tanaman saat ini masih didominasi oleh sistem terpusat yang rentan terhadap perubahan data dan kurang transparan. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah sulitnya menjamin keaslian, asal-usul, dan riwayat distribusi varietas tanaman aglonema secara terpercaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan prototype aplikasi terdesentralisasi (Decentralized Application/DApp) sebagai media pencatatan varietas tanaman aglonema berbasis teknologi blockchain. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pengembangan sistem menggunakan jaringan Polygon dengan penerapan smart contract standar ERC-721 untuk merepresentasikan setiap varietas tanaman sebagai aset digital unik (Non-Fungible Token), serta integrasi dompet Web3 sebagai mekanisme autentikasi pengguna. Hasil pengujian terhadap prototype menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mencatat data varietas secara permanen, tidak dapat diubah, dan mudah ditelusuri. Selain itu, penggunaan jaringan Polygon memungkinkan proses pencatatan berjalan efisien dengan biaya transaksi yang rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknologi blockchain berpotensi meningkatkan transparansi dan keamanan pencatatan varietas tanaman aglonema.
Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) have emerged as a fundamental paradigm for coordinating shared digital resources without centralized authority. Despite their rapid adoption, treasury governance within DAOs remains vulnerable to governance manipulation, immediate execution risks, and insufficient validation mechanisms. This work proposes a layered decentralized treasury governance architecture that integrates token-based voting, timelock enforcement, and multi-stage validation layers to enhance transparency, accountability, and security. The system introduces a structured execution pipeline in which proposals must pass through sequential control stages before execution, reducing the likelihood of unauthorized or malicious fund allocation. The architecture is implemented and evaluated within a blockchain environment, demonstrating improved resistance to governance attacks and enhanced reliability of decentralized financial systems. By combining governance, delay mechanisms, and validation controls into a unified framework, the proposed model provides a defense-in-depth approach to securing DAO treasury operations. This paper contributes a comprehensive architectural and analytical framework for mitigating systemic vulnerabilities in decentralized governance systems and improving the robustness of community-driven financial coordination.
Blockchain technology stands at the forefront of transforming digital communication, addressing entrenched issues like data breaches, privacy erosion, and centralized control. This systematic literature review synthesizes insights from over 50 peer-reviewed articles, industry reports, and case studies published between 2018 and 2025, focusing on blockchain's core principles and their application to secure messaging, decentralized social networks, IoT ecosystems, and telecommunications. Drawing on databases such as Google Scholar, IEEE Xplore, and Scopus, we identify key benefits—decentralization for resilience, immutability for integrity, and cryptography for confidentiality—while critically examining barriers like scalability trilemma, regulatory conflicts, and user adoption hurdles. Emerging trends, including zero-knowledge proofs and modular architectures, signal a path toward scalable Web3 paradigms. The review concludes with societal implications for trust-building and data sovereignty, proposing research directions for hybrid models that balance innovation with compliance. This work underscores blockchain's potential to foster a user-empowered, equitable communication landscape.
Decentralised Finance (DeFi) applications involve a large volume of funds and exhibit diverse user behaviours, including malicious activities such as smart contract exploits and financial scams. Existing approaches struggle to capture complex behaviours. To address this gap, we propose a general Blockchain User Behaviour Analysis (BUBA) pipeline for DeFi security. The pipeline presents an automated action formation process that takes blockchain transactions as inputs and outputs user actions. In addition, BUBA introduces a dual Graph Neural Network (GNN) model that jointly captures user action features, contract and token interactions, and heterogeneous graph structure information to produce rich behavioural embeddings, enabling effective clustering of semantically meaningful user behaviours. We evaluate the proposed pipeline on Uniswap V3, where it outperforms baseline methods in identifying and differentiating suspicious behaviours. A further case study on Sushiswap V2 demonstrates the generalisability of the pipeline across DeFi applications.
The article carries out a comprehensive theoretical study of the evolutionary transformation of the world financial architecture (SFA) in the context of changes in global technological patterns. The authors analyze the historical retrospective of financial globalization, starting from the moment of laying the foundation of the Bretton Woods system, which determined the hierarchical, dollar-centric structure of international settlements for decades to come. mediated by banking institutions and supranational regulators, at the present stage, is facing a crisis of institutional efficiency caused by the accumulation of global imbalances and the digital divide. Particular attention is paid to conceptually rethinking the transition from the Jamaican monetary system to a new era of “algorithmic order” based on Web3 technologies. It has been established that the key feature of modern transformation is the decentralization of financial relations, where the function of trust is transferred from the institutional level (state and bank guarantees) to the protocol level (distributed ledgers, smart contracts). The authors argue that Web3 does not just modernize payment instruments, but forms a fundamentally new logic of international economic interaction – an ecosystem where capital acquires programmable properties, and cross-border transactions are carried out in real time without the involvement of traditional correspondent networks. The paper details the impact of decentralized finance (DeFi) on the changing role of national currencies and central banks. The thesis that the algorithmization of the financial space requires the development of new approaches to international regulation, since traditional methods of capital control lose their effectiveness in the conditions of anonymous decentralized networks, is substantiated. A forecast is made for the formation of a hybrid architecture of the future, where “fiat” and “algorithmic” orders will coexist through interoperability mechanisms. The article aims to lay a theoretical basis for further study of the mechanisms of adaptation of national economies, in particular Ukraine, to the challenges of global digitalization of finance.
Muriel Médard, Tarun Chitra, Moritz Grundei, Sajida Zouarhi
We study pricing mechanisms for low-latency payload delivery in settings where participant rewards depend on the time required to reconstruct a payload. In such environments, the decoding time distribution determines deadline-meeting probabilities and therefore bounds a participant's willingness to pay for additional delivery rate. Using a mean-field formulation, we derive price-rate bounds from simple stochastic arrival models and instantiate them for (i) unsharded transmission and (ii) sharded delivery under three regimes: uncoded sharding, fixed-rate erasure coding, and rateless coding. These bounds yield a comparative characterization of how symbol usefulness translates into economic value under deadline-driven utilities. We further analyze a two-lane service consisting of a base lane and a Random Linear Network Coding (RLNC) fast lane. In this turbo decoding setting, a receiver combines shards arriving via both lanes to minimize time to decode. Under a fixed base-lane price-rate pair and an aggregate rate constraint, we derive a fast-lane pricing bound and show how even modest additional RLNC rate can generate measurable utility gains, depending on the base-lane propagation regime. The framework extends naturally to stepwise reward schedules with multiple deadlines, and we illustrate its applicability on representative scenarios motivated by blockchain message dissemination and latency-sensitive competition.
We study Arbitrum's Timeboost mechanism following the adoption of Kairos by its main users -- Wintermute and Selini Capital -- to understand how the emergence of a just-in-time secondary market affects the dynamics of an ahead-of-time primary auction. We find that competition in the primary auction declines significantly and that Arbitrum captures a smaller share of the value generated around Timeboost. After the transition, paid bids in the primary auction correspond to only 14.8\% of the highest bid (compared with nearly 62.7\% in the \textit{Pre-Kairos} era) and to a smaller share of searcher profit-and-loss (PnL), even though total PnL remains of similar magnitude across regimes. While the exact distribution of the remaining surplus between searchers and Kairos remains unclear, the evidence suggests that a substantial share is no longer captured through the primary auction. More broadly, our findings suggest that ahead-of-time allocation mechanisms may be particularly vulnerable to secondary-market intermediation when competition among dominant participants is weak. We conclude by outlining possible ways for Arbitrum to improve revenue capture and discussing how these lessons may apply to Ethereum L1.