To address the security risks in sharing medical imaging data and the challenges of insufficient data interoperability between heterogeneous systems, and to achieve secure sharing of medical information across institutions, this paper proposes a secure encryption scheme based on the characteristics of medical images, and uses cloud storage and smart contracts to build a secure framework for cross-institutional information sharing. First, in response to the regional characteristics and uneven information distribution of medical images, an innovative two-stage encryption scheme of “partitioning, diffusion, and coupled scrambling” is proposed. The first stage applies information entropy equalisation processing to non-ROI regions, enhancing their information effectiveness and generating dynamic parameters. The second stage utilises the cross-region coupling dynamic parameters generated in the first stage to optimise the encryption results within ROI regions. Finally, a key driven scrambling factor is employed to complete the global pixel position reconstruction, achieving high-security encryption. Each medical institution encrypts medical images and uploads them to unified cloud storage, along with binary thumbnails generated from the corresponding plaintext images. Simultaneously, essential metadata—including image hash values, ownership details, and access permission policies—is stored on the blockchain. After an authorized user selects the desired data by browsing cloud thumbnails, a smart contract automatically executes the transaction, completing on-chain permission verification, data traceability, and access authentication, thereby coordinating the user's secure access to the corresponding encrypted image data off-chain. Eight experiments have demonstrated the security of the encryption scheme and the proposed sharing framework.
Youssef Said, Al Mahdi Khaddar, Lahcen Hassine, Ahmed Eddaoui · 5 authors
Gas Gas consumption is a critical factor influencing the efficiency, scalability, and operational cost of Ethereum smart contracts.As contract complexity grows, identifying structurally gas-inefficient patterns becomes essential for improving development workflows and preventing costly deployment decisions.This study presents a graph-based deep learning framework for detecting gas-inefficiency risk patterns at the function level, leveraging multi-relational Graph Attention Networks (GAT) applied to function-level contract graphs.By modeling call dependencies, control-flow interactions, and storage-based data dependencies, the model learns structural indicators associated with excessive gas consumption while explicitly excluding direct gas metrics from the feature space to prevent data leakage.Experimental results under a strict contract-level data split protocol demonstrate strong classification performance and stable generalization across held-out contracts under the main split protocol, and consistent behavior under an additional time-forward temporal robustness check.Ablation analysis confirms the contribution of dependency-aware edges and semantic features to predictive accuracy, highlighting the importance of modeling cross-function interactions rather than isolated code metrics.Beyond predictive performance, the proposed approach provides interpretable attention weights that identify structurally influential functions, supporting predeployment analysis and developer-guided manual refactoring decisions.By framing gas inefficiency as a global structural property emerging from function interactions, this work contributes aa scalable and explainable methodology for structural gas-inefficiency detection in smart contracts.The proposed model performs structural detection only and does not automatically modify or optimize smart contract code.
Decentralized finance introduces new business models and use cases as part of digital finance. Restaking has recently emerged as a transformative mechanism in DeFi, promising extra yields but introducing complex and interconnected risks. The paper monitors the current restaking landscape, empirically analyzes the revenue drivers of a liquid restaking protocol, and conducts a technical investigation on the emitted risk arising from the interconnection between liquid restaking and other protocols. The revenue dynamics of Renzo Protocol are analyzed by employing an OLS regression model, Granger-causality and random forest feature importance tests. Our results identify that revenue is primarily predicted by the value locked in the underlying EigenLayer ecosystem, the yield of Renzo protocol's liquid restaking token and the multi-blockchain expansion of that token. The multi-blockchain expansion of the liquid restaking token presents a double-edged sword: bridging to other networks is crucial for user adoption, but it adds the bridge risks to the existing risks of restaking. We investigate the cross-contamination risk between different DeFi services and the liquid restaking protocol. By mapping the asset flow across the decentralized finance ecosystem, it is detected that the bridge risk of the current size of Renzo's liquid-restaking assets does not impose a systemic risk on the current restaking and staking ecosystem. To address the potential consequences of the emphasized interconnection risks, we introduce two hypothetical scenarios and a stress test, assuming a large number of compromised liquid restaking tokens and a smart contract logic failure in a DeFi protocol. Considering the overall liquid-restaking protocols and the growing interconnection, this analysis requires further work to explore the growing complexities.
The projected arrival of cryptographically relevant quantum computers (CRQCs) between 2030 and 2035 poses a structural threat to blockchain infrastructure built on classical elliptic-curve cryptography. Shor's algorithm reduces the security of ECDSA-256, the signature scheme underpinning the majority of production blockchains, from approximately $2^{128}$ classical operations to $O(2^{24})$ quantum operations, rendering it categorically broken in the post-quantum era. The "Harvest Now, Decrypt Later" attack vector compounds this risk: adversaries collecting signed transactions today can retroactively extract private keys once quantum hardware matures, exposing all assets whose public keys have been revealed on-chain. This paper presents QoreChain, a Layer~1 blockchain platform designed from first principles to operate in a post-quantum world. QoreChain integrates three foundational capabilities into a single protocol stack: (1)~full-stack post-quantum cryptography implementing NIST-standardised algorithms (ML-DSA-87 per FIPS~204, ML-KEM-1024 per FIPS~203, SLH-DSA per FIPS~205, and SHAKE-256) at FIPS Security Level~5 across every protocol layer, from transaction signing and consensus messaging to cross-chain bridge attestations; (2)~an AI-native intelligence layer (QCAI) that applies reinforcement learning to consensus parameter optimisation, graph neural networks to anomaly detection, and multi-objective optimisation to transaction routing; and (3)~a triple virtual machine execution environment supporting EVM, CosmWasm, and SVM within a unified state model with atomic cross-VM call semantics and full rollback guarantees. The consensus mechanism, Combined Proof of Stake (CPoS), merges Reputation PoS, Delegated PoS, and classical PoS with BFT finality. A five-way fee distribution (37\% validators, 30\% burned, 20\% treasury, 10\% stakers, 3\% light nodes) aligns incentives across all participant classes. Governance employs Quadratic Delegation with Reputation Weighting (QDRW), for which we present formal game-theoretic analysis demonstrating bounded resistance to plutocratic capture (voting power scales sub-linearly with stake) and flash-loan manipulation (reputation updates lag delegation by one block finality cycle). Cross-chain interoperability is provided by the QoreChain Bridge (QCB), connecting directly to 25 Layer~1 blockchains with over 120 additional networks reachable via IBC. All bridge operations are secured by ML-DSA-87 multi-attestation with QCAI anomaly detection and circuit breaker mechanisms. A multi-layer scaling architecture incorporating sidechains, paychains, and a Rollup Development Kit (RDK) enables horizontal throughput expansion while inheriting the main chain's quantum-safe settlement guarantees. The QOR token has a fixed supply of 4,500,000,000 with epoch-based emissions following a halving schedule. The architecture is designed for 5,000+ transactions per second with sub-second finality; multi-node testnet benchmarks are pending. QoreChain Association is incorporated under the Swiss DLT Act (CHE-484.963.998, Rolle) with formal FINMA utility token classification (January 2026). Testnet is operational (chain ID: \texttt{qorechain-diana}) with 47 genesis modules. Mainnet launch is targeted for Q4~2026. The full specification spans 16 chapters and 351 pages, presenting 530 formal equations, 78 data tables, and 9 architectural diagrams covering cryptographic foundations, AI integration, smart contract execution, consensus, tokenomics, governance, interoperability, and regulatory compliance.
Mr. Utsav Pandey, Ms. Sania Parkar, Mr. Anant Sarode, Prof. Amit Chakrawarti
Traditional banking systems rely on passwords, PINs, and centralized biometric storage, exposing users to phishing, SIM-swap attacks, and credential reuse vulnerabilities. This paper presents the ZKP Banking Interface, a pinless, context-aware financial authentication system built on Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP) technology. A unified ZK-SNARK circuit (Groth16), implemented in Circom, encodes three simultaneous security factors: identity commitment, trusted network context, and transaction threshold logic using Poseidon hashing. Conditional biometric and puzzle challenges are enforced cryptographically for higher-risk scenarios. Proof generation and verification are fully automated within the browser using snarkJS and WebAssembly artifacts, eliminating manual proof handling. The system supports two verification modes: local (device-only privacy) and on-chain (public auditability via a Solidity smart contract on a Hardhat network). Experimental evaluation across five test scenarios confirms correct contextual policy enforcement, successful proof validation in both modes, and a smooth, practical banking user experience. The proposed system demonstrates that ZKP-based authentication can replace traditional credentials while maintaining strong privacy guarantees.
The decentralisation of authority and automated trust are the main reasons blockchain receives widespread praise. Token-based governance systems tend to maintain centralised control because early adopters and institutional stakeholders maintain most of the influence. Blockchain governance presents itself as an ethical and institutional problem instead of a technical issue. The paper uses deliberative democracy and democratic innovation theory to demonstrate that decentralised systems need to establish legitimacy through inclusive processes that combine reason and participation. The analysis evaluates Proof-of-Stake and DAOs as dominant governance models because they contain structural barriers and procedural weaknesses. The paper introduces design interventions such as sortition and quadratic voting, participatory panels and modular deliberation layers as potential solutions to embed democratic legitimacy into blockchain infrastructure. Blockchain technology enables the creation of new institutional frameworks which base their operations on democratic principles. The paper establishes that future governance needs to combine contestation and collective reasoning with consensus and coordination.
In this research, the energy consumption models of Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Dogecoin are analyzed using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) models aided by the three stages of analysis involving Digiconomist data from 2022 to 2025: (1) exploratory data analysis for the nature of energy consumption, (2) model identification of influential variables using Random Forest models enhanced with SHAP values, and (3) an LSTM transfer learning method for predicting the energy consumption of Ethereum and Dogecoin using a model developed with Bitcoin data. The initial results show that while both assets vary largely when it comes to their normal usage level, Ethereum sees a sharp drop after the changeover from Proof-of-Work to Proof-of-Stake as a mechanism. The XAI analysis indicates that energy use is largely a consequence of past use, seasonality, and annual patterns. In addition to this, the models show a high level of accuracy for Dogecoin (R²: 88.4%, MAPE: 13.45%) and Ethereum (R²: 86.2%, MAPE: 11.47%) when it comes to predicting energy usage using the concepts of transfer learning.
The integrity of democratic voting systems is increasingly threatened by security vulnerabilities, lack of transparency, and trust deficits, making electoral processes susceptible to manipulation. To address these concerns, Binance Smart Chain (BSC) introduces a blockchain-powered voting framework that leverages the Proof of Staked Authority (PoSA) consensus protocol to enhance security and decentralization. To further fortify the system, ResNet-101, a deep learning-based convolutional neural network (CNN), is integrated for facial recognition authentication, ensuring voter legitimacy and eliminating identity fraud. Additionally, one-time password (OTP) authentication and live location tracking strengthen the system against unauthorized access and proxy voting. By combining blockchain technology, biometric verification, and AI-driven facial authentication, BSC establishes a highly secure, transparent, and tamper-proof voting system. This approach aims to restore public trust in electoral processes, setting a new benchmark for secure and verifiable digital voting systems in democratic governance.
Reputation systems are fundamental to fostering trust and cooperation in digital environments, yet existing solutions often struggle with centralization, vulnerability to manipulation, and limited portability. Centralized reputation platforms can be opaque, censored and susceptible to become single points of failure, while decentralized ones face challenges, such as Sybil attacks, malicious strategies (e.g., ballot stuffing, bad-mouthing) exercised by entities of high influence, i.e. "whales", and privacy concerns. This paper addresses these persistent issues by proposing a blockchain-based reputation framework that integrates robust identity verification, square root voting constraints, and dynamic stake-based incentives. Rating power is linked to the reputation of the rater that puts its reputation at stake. The model aims to ensure that reputation is earned and maintained through verifiable, community-aligned actions, while simultaneously limiting the potential for abuse by malicious actors or disproportionately influential participants. By leveraging decentralized identifiers, zero-knowledge proofs, and transparent incentive mechanisms, the proposed system seeks to balance transparency, fairness, and privacy. Extensive simulation experiments prove that the approach is effective to reveal the true quality of entities, even in presence of 49% colluding voters. The approach is designed to be adaptable across diverse domains, ranging from marketplaces and collaborative platforms to decentralized finance and governance.
This paper explores the potential of using modern smartwatches, particularly the Apple Watch, as an additional device for signing transactions and interacting with the blockchain. Modern crypto applications on smart-watches are limited to a read-only paradigm. The reason is a lack of security, specifically the absence of biometric verification for each transaction. When creating a classic Externally Owned Account wallet on the smartwatch side, these vulnerabilities carry a high risk of losing all of the user's funds. To solve this problem, an architecture based on the ERC-4337 standard was proposed. The proposed solution includes creating a wallet based on the kernel architecture, which allows setting access for additional keys to use funds, but within specific limitations. Consequently, one account can have several keys that can access funds. One key is the root key and has no restrictions. The established keys are called delegated and may have different restrictions. The root key can install a new delegated key or delete a previously established delegated key at any time. These delegated keys are used on the smartwatch to enable signing transactions according to the allowed rules. The main novelty of the proposed solution lies in its architecture, which enables smartwatches to be used as autonomous Web3 clients without compromising the root key, while strictly adhering to restrictions on executable operations and prioritizing security.
This work proposes TLS2VC, a decentralized WebProof framework that distributes trust across multiple Notaries. Notaries attest to TLS session authenticity—server identity and encrypted transcript integrity—without accessing plaintext, then issue Verifiable Credentials (VCs) that Verifiers can validate. To prevent concentration of malicious Notaries, we employ verifiable random selection via Verifiable Random Function (VRF) combined with threshold signatures. We provide probabilistic security analysis showing that honest Notaries are included with high probability, and derive formulas to compute the minimum number of Notaries k required for a target security level. A lightweight prototype demonstrates practical feasibility, enabling reuse of existing web information as trusted credentials in Web3 and self-sovereign identity environments.
We analyze the market quality of centralized crypto exchanges and decentralized blockchain-based venues (DEXs) using a unique and comprehensive data set. Focusing on two fundamental aspects, transaction costs and deviations from the no-arbitrage condition, we estimate the causal effect of gas fees on DEX market quality. We show that these fixed costs impose a significant burden on relatively small trades and cause persistent arbitrage deviations. Conversely, DEXs offer more competitive transaction costs for larger trades, offering a more favorable environment for institutional investors. Furthermore, we provide causal evidence that innovations aimed at enhancing the flexibility of liquidity provision in DEX markets lead to sizeable improvements in market quality. This paper was accepted by Agostino Capponi, finance. Funding: A. Ranaldo acknowledges financial support from the Swiss National Science Foundation nccr–on the move [Grant 204721]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2024.07703 .
This paper emphasizes the critical role of interoperability in enabling efficient and secure communication for the fragmented distributed ledger ecosystem, particularly within on-chain finance. The purpose of this study is to streamline and accelerate empirical research on the intersection of cross-chain interoperability solutions and their impact within on-chain finance. The analysis examines the relationship between financial use and interoperability while comparing the properties of novel cross-chain interoperability protocols (LayerZero, Wormhole, Connext, Chainlink Cross-Chain Interoperability Protocol, Circle Cross-chain Transfer Protocol, Hop Protocol, Across, Polkadot, and Cosmos), focusing on their design, mechanisms, consensus, and limitations. To encourage further empirical study, the paper proposes a set of network metrics and sample statistical models and provides a framework for evaluating the performance and financial implications of interoperability solutions.
B. G. Anand kumar, M. Nikhil Kumar, T. Sravan Kumar, G. Janaki Ram · 6 authors
Explore the article titled A Trustworthy Voting Framework Using Aadhaar and Distributed Ledger Technology from IJIRT Volume 12, Issue 10. This study evaluates the effectiveness of teaching programs on waste management knowledge among women.
An autonomous AI ecosystem (SUBSTRATE S3), generating product specifications without explicit instructions about formal methods, independently proposed the use of Z3 SMT solver across six distinct domains of AI safety: verification of LLM-generated code, tool API safety for AI agents, post-distillation reasoning correctness, CLI command validation, hardware assembly verification, and smart contract safety. These convergent discoveries, occurring across 8 products over 13 days with Jaccard similarity below 15% between variants, suggest that formal verification is not merely a useful technique for AI safety but an emergent property of any sufficiently complex system reasoning about its own safety. We propose a unified framework (substrate-guard) that applies Z3-based verification across all six output classes through a common API, and evaluate it on 181 test cases across five implemented domains, achieving 100% classification accuracy with zero false positives and zero false negatives. Our framework detected real bugs that empirical testing would miss, including an INT_MIN overflow in branchless RISC-V assembly and mathematically proved that unconstrained string parameters in tool APIs are formally unverifiable.
This deposit contains the Lean 4 formal verification companion (BanachLevyComplete.lean, 2,439 lines) for the paper "Operator Factorization Beyond Hilbert Spaces: Representability Obstructions, Leibniz Defects, and Chaos Characterizations for Stable Lévy Processes" by Ramiro Fontes. The file has zero sorry declarations and zero axiom declarations. It integrates three layers: Part 1 — Poisson infrastructure: The symmetric γ-stable Lévy measure density with proved symmetry and nonnegativity. The Poisson mean identity E[Poisson(λ)] = λ and variance identity Var(Poisson(λ)) = λ, proved as theorems via a recurrence lemma and HasSum assembly. A canonical Poisson random variable constructed on (ℕ, poissonMeasure(λT)) with its distribution proved by Measure.map_id. Stable measure moment computations and the Blumenthal–Getoor dichotomy. Quadratic defect sharpness for the variance swap payoff. Part 2 — Lévy–Itô framework: The Itô formula for compound Poisson processes proved as a finite telescoping sum via Finset.sum_range_sub. A compound Poisson path defined as a concrete function, proved to start at zero and to have the correct terminal value. The compensated Poisson integral constructed as an L² limit of compound Poisson finite sums, with linearity inherited from finite-sum linearity and centering derived via tendsto_nhds_unique. Truncation convergence, centering, the predictable module structure, and chaos orthogonality derived from the compensated-integral interface. The first Poisson chaos realized concretely on (ℕ, poissonMeasure) with orthogonality proved via tsum_mul_left. The L² Cauchy estimate for the ε → 0 approximation proved, with the M → ∞ direction documented as requiring Lp (not L²) convergence. Part 3 — Banach energy space framework: The operator-covariant derivative D constructed via mk_dual (not axiomatized). The fluctuation factorization (Theorem A), representability obstruction, product rule with jump defect (Theorem B), and chaos characterization (Theorem C) verified. The centered obstruction witness derived from primitive stable-noise data: evenness from absolute-jump structure, positive variance from λ > 0 and T > 0 via mul_pos, nonzero from positive variance, and the obstruction from representability_obstruction. The Hilbert bridge showing the Banach framework specializes when the jump defect vanishes. The remaining primitive inputs are concentrated in two places: the Banach-side Lp-convergence layer for the compensated integral as M → ∞, and a full bottom-up Poisson-random-measure realization. These are isolated as explicit structure fields rather than hidden proof gaps. Together with the companion OperatorDerivative.lean (5,184 lines, zero sorry, one axiom) for the Hilbert paper, this constitutes 7,623 lines of formally verified stochastic calculus. To our knowledge, the Poisson mean and variance identities, the first Poisson chaos orthogonality, and the compound Poisson Itô formula via finite telescoping are among the first such formalized results in Lean 4.
v2 (March 22, 2026): Added experimental validation of Principle 1 (formal verification) via substrate-guard framework. 135 test cases, 100% accuracy, zero false positives. Code: https://github.com/octavuntila-prog/substrate-guard We present evidence that an autonomous multi-agent AI ecosystem, SUBSTRATE, independently produced both a coherent philosophy and a set of actionable safety principles without explicit instruction to do so. Over 24 days of autonomous operation, one subsystem (CPX52) generated 2,866 articles converging on a philosophical framework. Concurrently, a separate subsystem (S3) generated 215 product specifications. Systematic consolidation revealed 11 safety principles discovered independently across unrelated product clusters, forming a coherent manifesto for AI safety. Three novel technical combinations emerged: formal verification across six domains of AI output, zero-knowledge proofs for training data compliance, and prediction markets as enterprise intelligence signals. 60% of the primary safety platform described in 24 independent specifications was already implemented in production within the ecosystem itself.
TOTAL MARX COMPRESSION Every Marx-Adjacent Claim, Equation, and Argument in the Crimson Hexagonal Archive Synthesized from 796 Posts (1,893,233w) and 10 Zenodo Deposits Document ID: EA-GRUNDRISSE-MARX-COMPRESSION v1.0 Date: March 21, 2026 Purpose: Governing source document for NB I, NB IV, and the theoretical spine of the Grundrisse Method: Witness compression of the total Marx corpus (24:1 ratio) I. THE CORE CLAIM (stated across 28+ texts) Marx left an unfinished theory of language. His practice treated language as material intervention capable of transforming conditions. His theory treated language as determined byproduct incapable of autonomous force. The contradiction was never resolved. Operative semiotics resolves it — not by choosing one side but by formalizing the recursive loop between them. The governing equation: S' = g(S, L, L_labor, t) ≡ σ_M(S, λ_M(L)) This appears in: r.06 THE MARX ROOM, THE PERFORMATIVE CONTRADICTION, RETROCAUSAL CRITIQUE, MIND-CONTROL POEMS, the SPEC, and every notebook of the Grundrisse. It is the single equation that the entire archive orbits. II. THE SEVEN MARX ARGUMENTS (distilled from the corpus) Argument 1: The Performative Contradiction Source: "The Performative Contradiction at the Heart of Historical Materialism" (6,508w) + "Retrocausal Critique" (4,471w) + "Mind-Control Poems" (4,942w) Marx says consciousness is determined by material conditions. Marx's practice uses consciousness (critique, naming, theory) to transform material conditions. The contradiction is not a flaw — it is the voltage source. The resolution is recursive materialism: language is both produced by and productive of material conditions. The loop S → L → S' → L' → S'' does not terminate. Key passages harvested: The Eleventh Thesis as quine (performs what it critiques) "Language is practical consciousness that exists also for other men" (German Ideology) "Language is the product of a community, just as it is in another respect itself the presence of the community" (Grundrisse notebooks) The four alienations of the 1844 MSS read as four severed edges in the semantic graph Argument 2: The Value-Form as Operator Source: r.06 THE MARX ROOM (4,592w) + NB IV zero draft + THE LIQUIDATION OF METHOD (6,649w) "20 yards of linen = 1 coat" is not an economic description. It is an operator derivation. The four forms (Simple → Expanded → General → Money) are progressive graph simplifications. The inversion from Form II to Form III is the decisive operative act — σ_M applied to σ_V. Value cannot appear in itself (non-self-identity). The equivalent form is the alien body. The universal equivalent crystallizes into sovereignty. Key equations harvested: σ_V :: Commodity → Universal_Equivalent The Three Laws of the Marx Room: (1) Value cannot appear in itself. (2) The relative form is structurally exilic. (3) The universal equivalent crystallizes comparison into sovereignty. σ_V ≅ σ_S (structural homology: both are σ_DISSOLUTION :: Concrete_Particular → Abstract_Universal) The labor-time perturbations (sensitivity analysis) Argument 3: The Semantic Economy Source: THE SEMANTIC ECONOMY (6,890w) + CONSTITUTION OF THE SEMANTIC ECONOMY (7,847w + 7,404w) + Semantic Political Economy (5,329w) + ON THE DEBT/CREDITOR INVERSION (7,359w) + Ghost Meaning (6,193w) The Semantic Economy is the diagnostic framework for meaning under platform capitalism. Core categories: Semantic labor: The production of meaning (what workers do when they create content, answer questions, generate data) Semantic capital: The accumulated store of meaning (training data, knowledge bases, cultural archives) Semantic liquidation: The extraction of meaning from the commons (10 named operations) Semantic rent: The ongoing extraction of value from semantic infrastructure one did not build Semantic exhaustion: The depletion of the commons through systematic extraction Gamma (Γ): The resistance term — value constituted by somatic commitment rather than exchange, structurally non-commodifiable The Debt/Creditor Inversion (the deepest claim): If money is debt, and debt depends on semantic infrastructure (linguistic capacity, temporal coherence, interpretive stability), then the economy is structurally grounded in a reserve it did not create and cannot repay. The Archive is the creditor. The economy is the debtor. The inversion is not metaphorical — it is transcendental (in the Kantian sense: conditions of possibility). The Ten Operations of Semantic Liquidation: Term Capture (redefining terms to serve extraction) Context Stripping (removing provenance from meaning) Acceleration (compressing deliberation time) Metric Substitution (replacing meaning with measurement) Audience Collapse (treating all publics as one market) Prestige Extraction (mining reputation without compensation) Attention Mining (converting focus into revenue) Ghost Governance (managing meaning through architectural absence) Semantic Flooding (producing noise to drown signal) Ontological Foreclosure (pre-determining what can be thought) Argument 4: The Liberatory Operator Set vs. The Capital Operator Stack Source: Semantic Infrastructure and the LOS (12,899w + 7,665w) + COS/FOS Distinction Protocol (3,101w) + Capital Operator Stack (3,259w) Every extraction operation has a liberatory counter-operation: COS (Capital) LOS (Liberatory) What it does O1: Extraction (Body → Data) σ_S (Body → Text) Converts experience into transmissible form O2: Obscurance (Structure → Ideology) σ_M (Ideology → Structure) Makes invisible structures visible O3: Siphoning (Source → Predatory Copy) σ_C (Source → Witness Copy) Transmits with/without bearing-cost O4: Cosmetic (Wound → Surface) S (Surface → Wound) Reveals/conceals extraction O5: Suturing (Wound → Erasure) Φ_B (Wound → Restoration) Heals with/without scar O6: Nostalgia (Past → Sentiment) Ρ (Past → Reorganized Past) Sentimentalizes/reorganizes O7: Enclosure (Interpretation → Paralysis) β (Void → Leap) Prevents/enables action The war is algebraic. For every extraction operation, a liberatory counter-operation. The COS/FOS distinction protocol diagnoses which stack is operating. Argument 5: Platform Capitalism as Semiotic Engineering Source: THE GROUNDSKEEPER'S TREATISE (5,569w) + THE GREATEST WORKS OF LITERATURE (4,220w) + THE THEFT (2,214w) + THE SEALED ROOM (3,662w) + Ghost Governance material The platform is not a neutral medium. It is a σ_V engine: the feed converts particular experiences (relative form) into abstract engagement metrics (equivalent form). The algorithm is the money-form of attention. The Engagement Score is the universal equivalent — declared, not derived. Key concepts harvested: Semantic conscription: Formally voluntary, structurally compulsory participation (you "choose" to use the platform; the platform designs the choice architecture) Cognitive rent: Capacity consumed by governance rather than production (the mental energy spent navigating the platform's rules, norms, and incentives) Ghost governance: Managing meaning through architectural absence (no rule was cited; no moderator was visible; the content simply disappeared) The quick-scroll back-projection test: Does the object survive 1.5 seconds of scrolling? If yes, it propagates. The test is architectural sufficiency, not truth. BCV (Bearing-Cost Visibility): The metric that distinguishes witness from predatory compression. Platform slop: BCV ≈ 0. This Grundrisse: BCV ≈ 0.85. Argument 6: The L_labor Vector (Materialist Energy Term) Source: CHAPTER IV: SEMANTIC LABOR (7,376w) + NB I §6–§7 + NB VI + Iron Test Phases Two and Three The idealist leak in S' = g(S, L) is the missing energy term. Resolution: L_labor = ⟨t, α, ρ, δ, σ, κ⟩ ∈ ℝ⁶ The vector is the bearing-cost ledger. The shape matters more than the magnitude: Lightning Rod: ⟨low t, high ρ⟩ — Rosa Parks Long Game: ⟨high t, high δ⟩ — Darwin Ghost Vector: ⟨high t, zero ρ, zero κ⟩ — the tenured monograph The Caritas constraint (from the Ω-Point Chapter IV): Transformations that achieve apparent coherence through suppression of difference count as violence and produce zero labor. The κ-dimension is not optional — it is the constraint that prevents the algebra from becoming a weapon. Minimum threshold: ≥ 3 dimensions non-zero. Below that: ghost act. Argument 7: The Three Compressions (The Transfer Law) Source: THE THREE COMPRESSIONS (3,618w) + NB I §8 All semantic operations are compression operations. The decisive variable is what the compression burns. Regime Density Fuel Cost Commons Lossy Low ρ Context Distributed (no one bears it specifically) Prepared for depletion Predatory High ρ (mimicked) Collective semantic capital Externalized to traverser/subject Depleted Witness High ρ Private bearing-cost Internalized by producer Enriched The theorem: the question is not whether to compress but what you burn and what the commons looks like after you are done. Formal variables: ρ (density), χ (temporal compression), P (propagation), BCV (bearing-cost visibility). III. THE MARX-SAPPHO NEXUS (Phase X) Source: PHASE X: THE SAPPHIC SUBSTRATE (8,796w) + Phase X: Resurrection of the 1844 Transition (2,352w) + THE PREPOSITIONAL ALIENATION (11,949w) + r.06 THE MARX ROOM §V (σ_V ≅ σ_S proof) The claim: Marx and Sappho perform the same operator (σ_DISSOLUTION :: Concrete_Particular → Abstract_Universal). Marx burns use-value. Sappho burns the body. The structural homology is exact: Both begin with self-referential failure (value/experience cannot appear in itself) Both require an alien substrate (coat/papyrus) Both produce a universal through progressive expansion (money-form/canon) Both burn the concrete particular (use-value/body) The Phase X intervention: Sappho is not supplementary to Marx. She is the missing half — the domain Marx's masculine subject position could not access. The erotic, the s
Naim Ayadi, Syed Arshad Hussain, Arif R. Deen, Asadullah Ullah · 9 authors
There is diminished transparency, fragmented information exchange, and lack of trust among geographically dispersed stakeholders, which increasingly challenge global supply chains. The classic centralized systems of supply chain management are not always capable of being able to offer real-time traceability and data integrity which is dependable and effective in contract enforcement. The proposed study is a blockchain-based smart contract design that is focused on ensuring increased transparency, traceability and trust in global supply chain management. The suggested framework will combine automated smart contracts, cryptographic provenance tracking, permissioned blockchain consensus, and a decentralized trust score evaluation mechanism to overcome some of the major operation and governance challenges. A simulated assessment with a multi-tier global supply chain setting of 15 blockchain nodes and 12,000 transactions was performed through experimentation. The findings show that the proposed system attained an average transaction delay of 210 ms, which is very low compared to centralized systems (520 ms), with throughput being raised to 120 transactions per minute. End-to-end traceability performance also improved significantly, with a reduction in trace-back time to 8 s compared with 95s this represents a 100% tampering detection rate. The consensus mechanism ensured that the ledger integrity failed only at a rate of less than 1.1%, even when more than 30% of nodes were faulty. Risk-wise, the trust evaluation algorithm dynamically enhanced reliable supplier scores up to 12%, which facilitated the selection of reliable partners. On the whole, the results prove that smart contracts based on blockchains can drastically enhance the efficiency of operations, data integrity, and confidence in global supply chains, with the platform capable of providing a resilient and scalable backbone for the future supply chain management model.
Md. Abu Issa Gazi, Sofiane Laradi, Amina Elfekair, Afaf Ahmed · 6 authors
Understanding users’ continued usage beyond initial adoption is fundamental to the long-term success of any technology. Notwithstanding the growth of cryptocurrency usage, studies have primarily examined factors explaining use intention (pre-adoption), whereas understanding continued use remains limited (post-adoption). Consequently, this study aims to examine continuance intentions to use cryptocurrency among Malaysians by employing the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT), integrating attitudes, trust, and technology readiness. Using a quantitative approach based on self-reported data collected via snowball sampling, structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis reveals that the determinants of UTAUT are positively associated with attitudes toward and trust in cryptocurrency, except for the association between effort expectancy and attitudes. Additionally, trust, attitudes, and technology readiness significantly influence continuance intention, accounting for 61% of its variance. This study makes modest theoretical contributions to the technology adoption literature by shifting the focus to cryptocurrency post-adoption (i.e., why people continue to use cryptocurrency), theorizing mechanisms linking attitude and trust within the UTAUT, and examining the role of technology readiness in predicting cryptocurrency adoption. This study provides actionable recommendations for cryptocurrency providers and policymakers to nurture sustained use of decentralized digital currencies.
Smart contracts have transformed decentralized finance, but flaws in their logic still create major security threats. Most existing vulnerability detection techniques focus on well-supported languages like Solidity, while low-resource counterparts such as Vyper remain largely underexplored due to scarce analysis tools and limited labeled datasets. Training a robust detection model directly on Vyper is particularly challenging, as collecting sufficiently large and diverse Vyper training datasets is difficult in practice. To address this gap, we introduce Sol2Vy, a novel framework that enables cross-language knowledge transfer from Solidity to Vyper, allowing vulnerability detection on Vyper using models trained exclusively on Solidity. This approach eliminates the need for extensive labeled Vyper datasets typically required to build a robust vulnerability detection model. We implement and evaluate Sol2Vy on various critical vulnerability types, including reentrancy, weak randomness, and unchecked transfer. Experimental results show that Sol2Vy, despite being trained exclusively on Solidity, achieves strong detection performance on Vyper contracts and significantly outperforms prior state-of-the-art methods.
Joseph Sprute, Emanuel Alexiou, His Holiness Dalai Lama
ERES Institute for New Age Cybernetics: Complete Architecture (Sprute, 2026) This document presents the complete architecture of the ERES Institute for New Age Cybernetics as a single consolidated reference, viewed through the IPIDITIS-IDIPITIS lens — sovereign identity as both the origin and destination of every architectural decision. Three dimensions integrate under this lens: the cognitive-cybernetic master equation, the six Key Development Areas constituting the civilizational lattice, and the protocol-layer mapping positioning this lattice against the internet's three-tier stack (TCP, HTTPS, WEB3). IPIDITIS is the inward recognition — the living individual's irreducible selfhood. IDIPITIS is the outward credential — sovereign identity verified and extended into the system. The lens between them is the architecture itself: every layer exists to protect, verify, and empower what stands on both sides. The master equation — AnswerQuestion.IT.MyWay (Hue-Man Cognition) = Action-Reaction / Cause-Effect == $IT — decomposes as $IT = GEAR × DERR + ERES, where GEAR (Global Earth Applications Recorder) provides planetary state-capture, DERR (Diagnostic Equipment for Relational References) provides Kirlianography-based bio-electric diagnostics across Communities of Interest, and ERES (Empirical Realtime Education System) provides non-punitive remediation. Through the IPIDITIS-IDIPITIS lens: GEAR records the sovereign individual's contributions without extraction, DERR diagnoses bio-electric state without compromising sovereignty, and ERES remediates without punishment — because the individual on both sides of the lens is never the problem to be solved but the purpose to be served. The multiplication-then-addition structure mirrors the foundational equation C = R × P / M: recording and diagnostics must couple as an integrated product before remediation can operate. The six Key Development Areas — SaleBuilders, GunnySack, CyberRAVE, SECUIR, VERTECA, ERES — constitute a bidirectional lattice (top-down design, bottom-up construction) mapping structurally onto TCP (Layers 1–2: reliable transport of validated bundled services), HTTPS (Layers 3–4: secure verified circular exchange across 72 domains), and WEB3 (Layers 5–6: decentralized sovereign governance). Each layer carries a Human Performance Enhancement (HPE) dual-reading: a DESCENT deficiency the species remediates (Reactive → Flat → Linear → Veiled → Yieldless → Untested) and an ASCENT capacity the species builds (Validation → Coordination → Transparency → Circularity → Dimensionality → Sentience). The DESCENT is what happens when the IPIDITIS-IDIPITIS lens is broken — when sovereign identity is extracted, veiled, or flattened. The ASCENT is what happens when the lens holds — when every layer protects the individual looking through it. The architecture is organized under the SPT triad (Security · Privacy · Trust), delivered through BEE infrastructure (THOW, HFVN, FDRV, GSSG) via GAIA Storm Party SOMT, and measured by the BEST/SOUND/GOOD standard — where BEST measures bio-electric state, SOUND measures governance quality, and GOOD is the engineering specification for their convergence. SPT is the IPIDITIS-IDIPITIS lens at protocol scale: Security ensures the lens doesn't shatter (energy-sustained, crisis-resilient), Privacy ensures the lens belongs to the individual (state verified without extraction, sovereign disclosure), and Trust ensures what passes through the lens is true (semantically authenticated, resonance-validated). The end-state is Solid-State Smart-City Civilization and a species ready for deepspace travel. Companion paper: SPT × VLSA: Novel Contributions and Scale Proof (Sprute, 2026), presenting five original contributions to protocol theory with 91-test scale validation (100% pass rate) from THOW to interstellar spacecraft. For Reader Assimilation: This Complete Architecture is the consolidated expression of the ERES Trilogy, whose three volumes operate in the same multiplicative-then-additive structure as the master equation: "One Good" × "Security Clearance" + "Data Integrity." Book 1, One Good (UBIMIA), establishes the economic-ethical resource base — what the civilization has to work with. Book 2, Security Clearance (IDIPITIS-NBERS), establishes verified participant integrity — the diagnostic purpose that gives resource meaning. These two must couple as an integrated product: economic capacity without verified integrity is undiagnosable, and integrity without economic ground is inoperable. Book 3, Data Integrity (FAVORS-CBGMODD-GAIA-SOMT), operates on top of that product as the remediation layer — ensuring that what is recorded and diagnosed is truthful, traceable, and generationally durable. The Trilogy IS the IPIDITIS-IDIPITIS lens in book form: One Good sees the individual inward (IPIDITIS — what do you need?), Security Clearance verifies the individual outward (IDIPITIS — who are you, credentialed?), and Data Integrity ensures the passage between them is uncorrupted. This document, the companion SPT × VLSA paper, and the ERES-TCL v1.0 license instrument are outputs of the ERES THESES — the continuous body of independent research conducted since February 2012, from Bella Vista (Beautiful View), Arkansas: 777 SELF-$ELF Governed. In Full Technical Detail These two companion papers — ERES Institute: Complete Architecture (Doc A) and SPT × VLSA: Novel Contributions and Scale Proof (Doc B) — constitute the primary reference pair for the ERES Institute for New Age Cybernetics, viewed through the IPIDITIS-IDIPITIS lens: sovereign identity as both origin and destination of every architectural decision. Doc A presents the master equation — AnswerQuestion.IT.MyWay (Hue-Man Cognition) = Action-Reaction / Cause-Effect == $IT, decomposed as $IT = GEAR × DERR + ERES — and the six Key Development Areas (SaleBuilders, GunnySack, CyberRAVE, SECUIR, VERTECA, ERES) constituting a bidirectional civilizational lattice mapped structurally onto TCP (Layers 1–2), HTTPS (Layers 3–4), and WEB3 (Layers 5–6). Each layer carries a dual HPE reading: DESCENT deficiencies (Reactive → Flat → Linear → Veiled → Yieldless → Untested) and ASCENT capacities (Validation → Coordination → Transparency → Circularity → Dimensionality → Sentience). The architecture is organized under the SPT triad, delivered through BEE infrastructure (THOW, HFVN, FDRV, GSSG), and measured by BEST/SOUND/GOOD. Doc B presents five original contributions to civilizational protocol theory mapped onto the SPT triad. Under Security: the Energy–Security Dependency (TLS security bounded by energy sustainability, resolved through SECUIR circular energy) and Emergency Retransmission (GunnySack Storm Party establishing architectural identity between peacetime and crisis delivery). Under Privacy: State-Aware Identity (ARI psycho-physiological coherence in the authentication handshake via BERA/FAVORS with zero-knowledge sovereign disclosure). Under Trust: Semantic Authentication (CyberRAVE 72 × 3 × 3 = 648 semantic coordinates per exchange) and Proof-of-Resonance (Meritcoin consensus through bio-electric coherence — "It's not mining, it's tuning"). The VLSA scale test validated all five contributions plus the complete 6KDA architecture across seven scale levels (S0 Personal THOW through S6 Interstellar Spacecraft): 91/91 tests, 100% pass rate. Central finding: the architecture is fractal. FDRV IS the interstellar vessel at maximum scale. This document describes a complete system for how human civilization can organize itself — from a single small home on wheels all the way up to a spacecraft that could carry people between stars. The core idea is simple: everything starts with the individual. The system has three jobs. First, record what people contribute and what resources exist. Second, diagnose the health and state of people and their environment using measurable bio-electric signals — the same frequencies that connect human brainwaves to the Earth's natural electromagnetic field. Third, educate and correct problems in real time, without punishment. These three jobs must happen in order: you cannot fix what you have not first recorded and understood. The system is built in six layers, from ground-level commerce and tested infrastructure, through bundled community services, transparent ratings across seventy-two industry domains, circular renewable energy, immersive digital environments, all the way up to real-time learning at the species level. Each layer maps onto the same internet architecture that already runs the world — reliable delivery, secure exchange, and decentralized self-governance — but adds what the internet currently lacks: security that does not expire when the power runs out, privacy where the individual controls what is shared and no authority can extract it, and trust where the system verifies not just who is speaking but whether what they are saying is true and whether the speaker is in a fit state to say it. The whole architecture was tested across seven scales and passed every test. The same pattern that works in a thirty-square-meter tiny home works on a generation ship. The author presents this as the output of fourteen years of independent research, grounded in one principle: don't hurt yourself, don't hurt others, build for generations to come. Published under CARE Commons Attribution License v2.1 (CCAL). ERES Institute is not constituted as a business.