Alexander Mikroyannidis, John Domingue, Michelle Bachler, Kevin Quick
Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionise education in a number of ways. In this paper, we explore the applications of Smart Blockchain Badges on data science education. In particular, we investigate how Smart Blockchain Badges can support learners that want to advance their careers in data science, by offering them personalised recommendations based on their learning achievements. This work aims at enhancing data science accreditation by introducing a robust system based on the Blockchain technology. Learners will benefit from a sophisticated, open and transparent accreditation system, as well as from receiving job recommendations that match their skills and can potentially progress their careers. As a result, this work contributes towards closing the data science skills gap by linking data science education to the industry.
Oct 1, 2018·2018 IEEE SmartWorld, Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing, Advanced & Trusted Computing, Scalable Computing & Communications, Cloud & Big Data Computing, Internet of People and Smart City Innovation (SmartWorld/SCALCOM/UIC/ATC/CBDCom/IOP/SCI)
Asoke K. Talukder, M. Chaitanya, David Arnold, Kouichi Sakurai
Studies suggest that a significant proportion of the diagnosis in non-communicable diseases (NCD) is erroneous, unwanted, or unnecessary. To reduce the disease burden and improve public health, algorithmic support is essential. To realize this, health data must be computer understandable, secured, ubiquitous, and interoperable. Medical and disease data entered into computers are unstructured natural language texts with medical jargons which a computer normally cannot understand. EMR (Electronic Medical Records) are data silos in the hospital and do not interoperate. In this paper we present Ethereum based future ready Proof of Disease (PoD) consensus protocol with a computer understandable single instance of truth. It will solve many challenges that electronic health records (EHR) or health information exchange (HIE) have failed to address. This medical system will help achieve all the complex needs of P6 (Participatory, Personalized, Proactive, Preventive, Predictive and Precision) medicine and finally reduce the disease burden.
In the recent years, there has been a boom in the number of connected devices due to developments in the field of Internet of things. This has also increased the requirements of security specification. The proposed method is introducing a secure information transmission system by using Blockchain technology. Blockchain is a relatively new technology which was introduced by stoshi nakamoto, which was also the basis for developing crypto currency [bitcoin]. Crypto currencies are made transparent and secure using their network architecture, which is a combo of a decentralized and distributed network. In this paper is try to exploit the same methodology used in crypto currencies to develope an IOT network, where the devices can talk to their peers in a secure manner. They explored all the different networks and features of developing a Decentralized application that is named as Dapp.
Distributed ledgers and blockchains have been heralded as a new and universally applicable architecture for management of trust. In this article we investigate what are the possible advantages of using distributed ledger technology within the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) operations and what are possible use cases for such use. We also analyze different types of distributed ledgers proposed in the literature in respect to their applicability in context of federated military operations. Finally, we describe in more detail a specific use case, related to use of blockchain as new approach to implementing trusted binding mechanism for detached labels as stipulated in the NATO Standardization Agreement (STANAG) 4778, which is now undergoing a ratification process within NATO.
To address the need for trusted information across bulk power systems, our paper proposes a new type of distributed ledger (or Blockchain), for a shared management of sensitive information in power systems. We call our Blockchain design the Assured Volt Ampere Information Ledger (AVAIL). The AVAIL` abstractions fit data needs of prototypical grid applications in wide area protection and control, energy management systems, and markets. The contribution of this paper is to draw directly from the distinct requirements of these applications and the valid assumptions about the adversaries, to shape the AVAIL abstractions. AVAIL is unique for the following features: 1) Adversarial model: Our design principles consider an adversarial model where attacks affect physical resources; 2) Non-binary validity: in our setting we allow for a spectrum of validity; 3) Validity enforcement: validity in our setting is governed by physical laws.
Duc-Phong Le, Mark Huasong Meng, Le Su, Sze Ling Yeo · 5 authors
The ubiquitous deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices enhances connectivity and communication, and benefits almost every aspect of our lives from manufacturing to retail to smart homes. However, low levels of security protection in these devices due to their limited resources open opportunities for malicious users. An IoT forensics system collecting, processing, analyzing and reporting evidence of attack is required to mitigate the IoT security issues. Although such system has been studied over the past decade and solutions such as cloud-based IoT forensic were proposed, limitation still exist. In this paper, leveraging on the blockchain technology, we propose a per-missioned blockchain-based IoT forensics framework to enhance the integrity, authenticity and non-repudiation properties for the collected evidence. We formally define the system architecture, provide framework details, and propose a cryptographic-based approach to mitigate identity privacy concern.
Abstract The implementation of microelectronics, also known as multi-chip modules (MCM), is extensive in automotive, downhole and aerospace applications. MCMs have already demonstrated high-temperature performance, step improvement in reliability, and the potential to reduce product cost through miniaturization and integration of more functions. However, there are barriers preventing wider adoption of MCM technology in downhole applications. High non-recurring expenditures (NRE) charges increase development costs. Long substrate lead times prolong the time to market. Lengthy design iterations make it difficult to apply lean startup methodology to accelerate innovation. The main factor that leads to high NRE and long lead times is the complexity of substrate manufacturing processes. Together with assembly, MCM manufacturing comprises at least 11 steps, 6 different materials, 10 or more different machines, and requires a minimum of 6 supporting employees. A new concept proposes a simplified process to reduce labor and expenses. With best implementation, this process would require only a single machine capable of cycling through 3-step process of dispensing, placement and cure. Despite the dramatically simplified process, the constructional complexity of circuits can still be very high, such as a 3D multilayer MCM. In this paper, this concept was evaluated, micro-dispensing equipment was used to create basic circuitry blocks. Different materials to create conductive traces, isolation layers and wire bond replacement were evaluated. High-temperature aging tests were conducted to monitor the electrical and mechanical performance under thermal stress. The feasibility of dispensing fine features using dispensing and jetting methods are presented in the study. Conductors are a critical part in microelectronic assemblies because they create interconnects and thermal dissipation paths for microelectronics. Three different conductor materials were tested for their dispensability, resistance, continuity at temperature, and coefficients of thermal expansion (CTE) compatibility with different materials under thermal cycling. For dielectric materials, the requirements were to create various assembly constructs. The characterization included dispensability, electrical insulation, breakdown voltage, high-temperature performance, and the effects of CTE. Different approaches with different materials were tested for feasibility for wire bonding replacement. The application needs fine feature size with medium resistance lines. Consequently, the criteria for the material selection are fine particle size and medium sheet resistance. For high-power devices where heavy-gauge wires were used, jet dispensing is applicable. For other application with regular wire diameters, direct write is used. The over-all tests demonstrated the feasibility of using dispensed materials to replace wire bonds, which brings better reliability for shock and vibration, as compared to traditional wire bonds. The reliability of this approach requires a set of optimally matched conductive and dielectric materials. Three conductive materials (A, B and C) and three dielectric materials (D, E and F) were evaluated in this study. Tested conductive epoxy A can be used for attachment of SMT components with non-tin terminals, short traces, and wire bonding replacement for 25-μm wires, but it is not ideal for fine lines(<65um). Tested conductive epoxy B can be used for fine traces (58μm), and wire bonding replacement for 25-μm wires. The resistance of that material is not ideal. Nano-silver paste can be used for long traces, heavy-gauge wire bonding replacement, pads/polygons, the sheet resistance is equivalent to 0.5Oz Cu. For dielectrics, epoxy C can be used for crossovers, dielectric layers, and components staking. Epoxy D can be used for die edge insulation, but it is not ideal. Epoxy E can be used for crossovers and components staking. Epoxy F can be used for encapsulation and components staking. The wire bonding replacement concept structure is established with the dielectric forming the insulation around die edge, then the conductive wires dispensed on top of it. Feasibility was confirmed, a proof-of-concept was built, and some level of thermal stress was tested on the samples. Particle size and viscosity are critical to achieve fine features for micro-dispensing conductors and dielectrics. Periodic evaluations must be conducted to follow up on industry's progress with materials.
Additive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Technologies
This chapter considers the burdens borne by both parties when an issue of fact is at stake. It explains how the nature of a burden in the law of evidence is obscured by the use of the term in a number of different senses. The two principal senses are the burden of adducing evidence and the burden of proving facts. In relation to each, questions arise as to its incidence and discharge. The chapter considers the allocation of the burden in these two senses, at common law and under statutory provisions, and the effects of presumptions of law or agreement of the parties. Finally, this chapter is concerned with the extent of the two burdens, and the way in which the burden of proof has to be explained to the jury.
Proposed is a communication system, integrating a distributed ledger with ambient intelligence and a data fusion scheme. It introduces a clear distinction between the financial profitability of investment projects and their contribution to environmental sustainability while ensuring performance measurability and flexibility for both aspects of project management as well as the possibility to trade emission certificates. Two key benefits of the system are the possibility to implement a reliable and straightforward methodology for the evaluation of investments, both ongoing and planned, and the potential to connect the emissions trading scheme with pollution control in the real time. Moreover, the system brings about stability where the revisions of governmental subsidy policies tend to move the break-even costs significantly, thus incentivising for innovative or small-scale projects.
Trust management has been a topic of keen interest in recent years. There has been a lot of discussion as to what new opportunities it can bring to markets, what benefits it can offer, and what system development possibilities it enables for software development. In this paper we discuss trust management and business critical information sharing in a definite group of stakeholders called Circle of Trust. We examine the key features of the Circle of Trust in military environments. We address the most essential problems and obstacles to be considered before the benefits of Circle of Trust can be fully enabled therein. As a solution to problems with the information transfer management, we propose a novel conceptual approach which ensures the privacy of the data source and transparency of information sharing utilizing the blockchain technology and modern cryptographic solutions. In addition, the concept presented enables the quantitative information trade and objective control mechanism for contractual liabilities within the consortium. The discussion and views presented in this paper can be adopted in any organization with doubts concerning the sensitive and classified contents of supply chain management or current ICT systems.
A portal into the public ledger cryptocurrency makes a competition of the best web sites and easily trusted by the public. These are believed to constitute a measurable dimensions of User Experience (UX). This study aims to evaluate the user experience of the use of the three web sites most frequenty accessed cryptocurrency from Indonesia. The evaluation conducted aimed at knowing the factors that influence user trust through the design of the interface and can be installed on a new design. Methods include Performance Metrics, Post-Task Rating, Post-Session Rating, and Experiential Overview and eye-tracking device. Based on the results of research, in the overall evaluation of the web site, the web site is the most superior of Indodax. The results of the evaluation are then applied on a new design using the software Invision and examined again to see a comparison of the respondent at the time of first use. The result of the research is the assessment, recommendations, and design the look of the web site cryptocurrency are trustworthy based on user experience.
Henry Rossi Andrian, Novianto Budi Kurniawan, Suhardi Suhardi
As research on blockchain continues to grow, blockchain technology was adopted to develop several information systems. There are many opportunities to examine the utilization of blockchain technology to be used in developing systems as needed. This paper summarizes the conditions of blockchain research in terms of technology and its implementation. This paper was written using a systematic literature review (SLR) as one of the methodologies used to solve problems by tracing the results of previous studies. The problem that you want to study in SLR is usually referred to as a research question (RQ). The defined RQ is related to the topic and clarifies each question by tracing previous research papers indexed in reputable journal databases such as IEEE Xplore, Springerlink, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. After synthesizing 41 articles, the result is: blockchain can be used in many applications, some applications that adopt blockchain technology are banking applications, e-voting applications and digital forensic applications. Often, applications that use blockchain technology only focus on developing one of the blockchain technologies that suits their needs. Some developers maximize the components of the contract on the blockchain, some further develop the data structure of the blockchain itself. The use of blockchain technology is still wide open for the implementation of other information systems. The expected contribution of this paper is to provide a general overview for researchers who want to build applications that use blockchain as a basis for researching so they can conduct further studies to better understand whether the applications they will develop are suitable for using blockchain technology as a basis.
Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Murat Kuzlu, Saifur Rahman
Over the last decade, the increasing uptake of rooftop solar photovoltaics (PV) at the grid edge transforms residential houses into complex energy "prosumers". A house with rooftop solar PV can both consume and export electricity. Hence, it can participate in a "Transactive Energy" network involving peer-to-peer (P2P) exchange of excess electricity. The challenge is to keep track of these transactions and compensate buyers and sellers accordingly. Recently, blockchain has emerged as a distributed ledger technology which allows exchanges among participants without the need for a central market entity. There are several blockchain pilots in the energy sector, which focus on the business, legal and financial aspects, but without much details about how to implement a blockchain-based P2P trading platform. This paper addresses this issue by presenting laboratory-scale implementation of a blockchain network for exchange of solar electricity among participants using Hyperledger - an open-source collaborative effort. Participants, assets and transactions necessary to establish the blockchain-based network for keeping track of solar PV output exchanges are described, together with the smart contract, use cases and their implementation.
Meryam Essaid, Hyeon Woo Kim, Woo Guil Park, Kyung‐Yul Lee · 6 authors
Bitcoin, the most popular peer-to-peer electronic cash system stands strong in its feature of decentralized architecture based on the blockchain technology. The blockchain platform allows the maintenance of a shared distributed ledger, which can be simultaneously read/accumulated by all participants without being owned/controlled by any central unit or person. This paper focuses on scoping the networking side of the Bitcoin blockchain network. In our study, we analyze how Bitcoin utilizes the flooding peer-to-peer (P2P) protocol to broadcast events through the bitcoin network to update the replicas of the ledger. We then use the collected data to identify the process of data propagation, the broadcasting delay, and the bandwidth needed to keep up with the ledger real-time updates.
Ahmed S. Almasoud, Maged M. Eljazzar, Farookh Hussain
In recent years, Blockchain technology has been highly valued and disruptive. Several researches have presented a merge between blockchain and current application i.e. medical, supply chain, and e-commerce. Although Blockchain architecture does not have a standard yet, IBM, MS, AWS offer BaaS (Blockchain as a Service). In addition to the current public chains i.e. Ethereum, NEO, and Cardeno; there are some differences between several public ledgers in terms of development and architecture. This paper introduces the main factors that affect integration of Artificial Intelligence with Blockchain. As well as, how it could be integrated for forecasting and automating; building self-regulated chain.
Aleksandr Kapitonov, Ivan Berman, Vitaly Bulatov, Sergey Lonshakov · 5 authors
The paper describes work organization methods for manufacturing with plenty of autonomous agents with the help of market mechanisms what authors call robot economy. As a technological basis, the application of decentralized technologies is presented and justified: Blockchain technologies and smart contracts of the Ethereum network. The paper is an extension of the article “Blockchain-based protocol of autonomous business activity for multi-agent systems of UAVs” and describes in more detail the architecture of the robots economy protocol. The main attention is paid to the protocol functionality and its basic elements. There is a description of the architecture of an autonomous agent working on the principles of robot economy in the article. The article shows how the work of a smart factory is organized. As a result, the experience of approbation of the presented methods in various projects and experiments is presented.
Keaton A. Wheeler, Anthony W. Bowers, Charlie H. Wong, Jonathan Y. Palmer · 5 authors
This paper conducts a load and power quality analysis on a 3-feeder distribution system with a cryptocurrency mining system connected. The study includes power factor and harmonic distortion analysis of actual measured 15-minute data over three days in conjunction with measurements of startup and steady state waveforms to determine the load profile of a cryptocurrency mine when connecting to the electrical grid. In addition, comments are made on the effect of the substation transformer. In the context of this paper, multiple load levels are investigated through a thorough analysis of a sample test system. The effects of the cyptocurrency mine are then quantified through comparison to standards indicated in IEEE Std. 519.
Various crimes using Bitcoin are highlighted. Among various crimes using Bitcoin, this paper suggests a method to detect money laundering focusing on mixing service that provides Money Laundering. This is part of the anti-money-laundering (AML) strategy, which can determine whether the mixer service is used in certain transactions by using transaction sample data using mixer. Money laundering using Bitcoin is often used to avoid fund tracking in the underground world and analyzing it is essential in situational awareness of fund tracking.
Traditionally, a Certification Authority (CA) is required to sign, manage, verify and revoke public key certificates. Multiple CAs together form the CA-based Public Key Infrastructure (PKI). The use of a PKI forces one to place trust in the CAs, which have proven to be a single point-of-failure on multiple occasions. Blockchain has emerged as a transformational technology that replaces centralized trusted third parties with a decentralized, publicly verifiable, peer-to-peer data store which maintains data integrity among nodes through various consensus protocols. In this paper, we deploy three blockchain-based alternatives to the CA-based PKI for supporting IoT devices, based on Emercoin Name Value Service (NVS), smart contracts by Ethereum blockchain, and Ethereum Light Sync client. We compare these approaches with CA-based PKI and show that they are much more efficient in terms of computational and storage requirements in addition to providing a more robust and scalable PKI.
Adja Elloh Yves-Christian, Badis Hammi, Ahmed Serhrouchni, Houda Labiod
In the cryptocurrency world, Bitcoin holds the first place in terms of market cap and currency price, which makes it the first target and victim of attack attempts. Indeed, there are various attacks against cryptocurrencies in general and Bitcoin in particular, e.g., block withholding, transaction malleability and the Eclipse attack. The latter, allows an attacker to completely isolate a peer and to monopolize all permanent connections from/to the victim. However, in this attack, the non permanent connections, remains non monopolized by the attacker, which can disturb the attack success. In this paper, we propose (1) a characterization of the misbehavior mechanism applied by Bitcoin and its weaknesses; and (2) a new method to realize the Eclipse attack which monopolizes all the peer's connections, even the non permanent ones, with a minimal number of IP addresses. Our characterization and attack realization, were performed on the main Bitcoin network and on a real client.
Asraful Alam, Sara Mahmoudi Rashid, Md. Abdus Salam, Ariful Islam
This paper proposed an Electric voting (E-voting) model that ensures security, privacy and transparency. Our approach uses blockchain method, a distributed ledger technology where data are shared and distributed into a network. Blockchain system offers transparency, decentralization, irreversibility and reduces the involvement of intermediaries which is crucial for an election process. An optimized algorithm is proposed for blockchain based e-voting system. An internet of things (IOT) based system is designed to exchange data from e-voting devices to the nodes. Moreover, we proposed several possible techniques and improvements for voting scenarios.
Rakesh Shrestha, Rojeena Bajracharya, Seung Yeob Nam
With the evolution of vehicle technology, VANET plays an important role in saving life and property of the drivers by disseminating critical event information. However, the traditional VANET faces several security issues. We propose a new type of blockchain to resolve critical message dissemination issues in VANET. We create a local blockchain for real world event messages exchanged between the vehicles within the scope of the countries. In this paper, we discuss a blockchain suitable for VANET. We present a public blockchain that stores the node trustworthiness and message trustworthiness in a distributed ledger that is appropriate for secure message dissemination.
The Estonian electronic voting system which is a leading electronic voting system still suffers from universal verifiability issues and may need improvement of its availability. To solve the problems, in this paper we propose a blockchain-based electronic voting system. A blockchain is a distributed database, where the complete data is shared among all participants in the network. A blockchain system by its nature has several advantages that suit an electronic voting system. Its distributed architecture provides high availability to the system because it does not rely on a centralized server. As all participants have complete data, the protocol allows them to verify each block that is appended to the chain. We try to combine the double envelope encryption technique and blockchain technology for our proposed electronic voting system.
Mariia Sigova, Igor Klioutchnikov, Anna Zatevakhina, Oleg I. Klioutchnikov
Is the distributed ledger technology able to predict the capital asset prices and digitizes any financial market participant? Prediction is a scary and tempting place to venture, profitable trading and the development of effective strategies. Will predictions fit into the everyday practice of financial markets? Is blockchain technology capable to revolutionize predictions? Is the blockchain able to compensate of the lack of individual intelligence in assessing market prospects? In the article, the authors do not so much raise these questions as they try to outline the directions for their solution. Financial inclusion is one of the problems that blockchain technology can solve, if it is applied properly. Transferring predictions to the online mode and providing each market participant with the opportunity to digitize their activities would help introduce new efficient mechanisms to improve performance of financial market practices. The article discusses two aspects of using blockchain technology in finance - forecasting financial markets using “collective knowledge” and digitizing assets of market participants based on blockchain. The article also raises the question of the possibility of using some fundamental physical laws for analyzing the impact of new technologies on the financial markets. An attempt is made to approach the assessment of the prospects of using a number of decentralized applications for financial market predictions and the creation of digital counterparts of market participants. A fundamental lesson from experiments in predicting financial markets and digitizing market participants is that decentralized solutions are still not sufficiently scaled and, as a result, are used by consumers.
Advanced Database Systems and Queries
Statistical and Computational Modeling
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing