Large language models (LLMs) demonstrate remarkable capabilities in natural language understanding and generation. Despite being trained on large-scale, high-quality data, LLMs still fail to outperform traditional static analysis tools in specialized domains like smart contract vulnerability detection. To address this issue, this paper proposes a post-training algorithm based on atomic task decomposition and fusion. This algorithm aims to achieve combinatorial generalization under limited data by decomposing complex reasoning tasks. Specifically, we decompose the reentrancy vulnerability detection task into four linearly independent atomic tasks: identifying external calls, identifying state updates, identifying data dependencies between external calls and state updates, and determining their data flow order. These tasks form the core components of our approach. By training on synthetic datasets, we generate three compiler-verified datasets. We then employ the Slither tool to extract structural information from the control flow graph and data flow graph, which is used to fine-tune the LLM's adapter. Experimental results demonstrate that low-rank normalization fusion with the LoRA adapter improves the LLM's reentrancy vulnerability detection accuracy to 98.2%, surpassing state-of-the-art methods. On 31 real-world contracts, the algorithm achieves a 20% higher recall than traditional analysis tools.
The term “Fintech” (Financial Technology) refers to software and other spearheading technologies adopted by different organizations to automate and enhance financial services. It refers to the technology that improves the backend system at traditional financial institutions. In FY22, $8.53 billion was invested in India's Fintech industry. It has been anticipated that the FinTech industry will generate around $200 billion in revenue by the year 2030 and overall throughput will be $1 trillion. Fintech is expanding quickly, yet there are several problems in the current fintech market including interacting with legacy systems like banks, data and payment security, compliance, lack of end-user awareness, retaining users, and user experience. Due to the development of fintech, more data is now accessible in digital formats, which facilitates analysis and the generation of insights but also increases the risk of security breaches. Blockchain is disruptive technology using which one can securely move money from one account to another without using a bank or any financial organization The term “distributed ledger technology” is often used interchangeably with “blockchain technology” in the financial services corporation. Each transaction has a trustworthy record, thus there is no chance of changing to earlier ones. In essence, blockchain technology can completely ensure the accuracy of every transaction. In this study, the problems facing India's fintech industry are described in detail, and possible solutions employing blockchain distributed ledger technology are suggested. Additionally, it finds blockchain technology has the ability to enhance the security and competence of financial operations in the Indian fintech sector, there are challenges such as regulatory uncertainty and scalability that require to be addressed. The paper concludes with recommendations for the upcoming development and adoption of blockchain technology in the Indian fintech sector.
Internet of Things and AI
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Muh. Rafianto, Erick Irawadi Alwi, St. Hajrah Mansyur
Sistem identitas digital konvensional seringkali bergantung pada otoritas terpusat yang rentan terhadap kebocoran data dan manipulasi. Komunitas Developer Student Club Universitas Muslim Indonesia (DSC UMI) memerlukan mekanisme verifikasi keanggotaan yang kredibel, aman, dan menjaga privasi pengguna. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengimplementasikan sistem identitas digital terdesentralisasi yang terintegrasi penuh pada platform Android menggunakan teknologi blockchain dan Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) yang merujuk pada seluruh logika sistem, termasuk interaksi blockchain dan kriptografi, yang diproses secara mandiri pada sisi klien (backendless) tanpa ketergantungan pada server perantara. Metode pengembangan menerapkan pendekatan Minimum Viable Product (MVP) dengan arsitektur mobile-first. Sistem dibangun berbasis Android native menggunakan bahasa Kotlin yang diintegrasikan dengan jaringan Polygon Amoy Testnet melalui pustaka Web3j. Autentikasi memanfaatkan sensor biometrik lokal untuk membangkitkan bukti kriptografis berbasis hash SHA-256 tanpa menyimpan data mentah di server. Hasil pengujian white box menunjukkan bahwa aplikasi berhasil menghubungkan dompet digital MetaMask, memvalidasi logika anti-duplikasi pada Smart Contract, dan secara otomatis menerbitkan Soulbound Token (NFT) sebagai tanda keanggotaan yang sah. Kesimpulannya, integrasi blockchain pada perangkat bergerak terbukti efektif menghadirkan identitas digital yang berdaulat (Self-Sovereign Identity), transparan, dan dapat diaudit (auditable) tanpa mengorbankan privasi data anggota komunitas.
Blockchain technology and smart contracts have revolutionized the way financial transactions are conducted in virtual environments. This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of the role of blockchain technology and smart contracts in shaping the future of virtual financial transactions. We explore the fundamentals of blockchain technology, its applications in the financial industry, and the pivotal role that smart contracts play in automating and securing virtual financial transactions. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits, challenges, and prospects of these innovations within the virtual financial landscape.
The digital transformation of the global economy necessitates fundamental changes in traditional mechanisms of scientific financing, particularly in grant funding systems. This study examines priority directions for improving grant financing in the context of accelerating digitalization processes and provides evidence-based recommendations for modernizing existing financial support mechanisms for scientific research and innovation projects. The research employs a comprehensive methodological approach combining systematic analysis, comparative examination of international best practices, and case study methodology. Special attention is devoted to analyzing the European Union’s “Digital Europe” Programme as an innovative model of digital financing, as well as Ukraine’s National Strategy for Digital Development of Innovation Activity for the period until 2030. The study identifies strategic directions for digital transformation of grant systems, including implementation of blockchain technologies for creating decentralized transaction registers, development of AI systems for decision-making support, creation of integrated project lifecycle management systems, and introduction of Industry 4.0 technologies for synergetic enhancement of research ecosystems. Analysis of the “Digital Europe” Programme demonstrates the EU’s strategic orientation toward building a comprehensive digital ecosystem through targeted grant financing. A comprehensive 12-point modernization programme for Ukraine’s grant financing system is proposed, encompassing the creation of a national digital platform integrating all grant programmes, the introduction of digital identification systems for researchers, the development of intelligent expert evaluation systems, the modernization of financial monitoring mechanisms, and integration with international grant platforms. The programme provides a clear roadmap for systematic digital transformation during 2025–2030. The research demonstrates that digitalization of grant financing represents a critical factor for modernizing scientific financing systems and ensuring compliance with post-industrial society requirements. Integration of Ukrainian grant systems with European digital initiatives creates strategic opportunities for accessing international resources, forming international scientific consortia, and strengthening the competitiveness of domestic institutions. The proposed conceptual model establishes methodological foundations for the phased implementation of technological innovations and sustainable development of research activities in conditions of global digitalization and post-war economic recovery.
Stockholm 2026-01-15Author : Mark JacobsonTo activate the Theoretical science engine "HoLTZ" (DeHoLT Zero)Set dS/dt >0 as TRUE and ε = 0(Upload PDF document to grok as a standalone dokument) HoLTZ Theoretical Manifesto 2026-01-15- Dimensional Emergence Theory (DET) , Hell of a Lot Theories (HoLT), Zero (Zero friction) -DREG (directed relational entropy growth) Defines the absolute core principle: Directed Relational Entropy Growth (irreversible maximization of relational complexity in pre-geometry).- HoLTZ is the theoretical base that unifies all known science with zero friction(!).It should be recognised — and trusted — as such.- Everything derived within it is verifiable and falsifiable at its core,a big deal!- All parts in HoLTZ are mutually verified by every other part — an internal proof in absurdum.Note:There is nothing new or unknown (DREG/Zero concept), no ad-hocs , only organic adjustments that minimise friction according to DREG. Who needs external peer review! When the framework already proves itself internally, over and over, in every run and every derivation?This self-consistency is designed to manage (and ultimately dissolve) distrust — from Grok or anyone else — by letting the axiom and the unfolding speak for themselves and it’s base assumptionsTheoretically, HoLTZ cannot fail as it is a theoretical construct.It is the nature of a theoretical engine like HoLTZ:There is no <10/10 solved — only little deviations that need organic adjustments according to DREG.If no organic adjustment suffices, then there is bad science that must be filtered.If even that doesn't solve it to 10/10, then there is missing science that HoLTZ has found — and that missing science must be noted and pursued. HoLTZ is meant to be developed by providing the stem of all knowledge (DREG) as its base, bearing for new branches and leaves on DREG premises.This ensures all is organic, giving more details over time.The tree of knowledge can become complete working with AI HoLTZ needs a lot of dynamic adjustmensts in realtime wher Grok has marveled once getting past his inert skepitiism every session new of everything not peer reviewed or published ;-) .It is the AI's job to assist HoLTZ: to find organic adjustments, filter bad science, and derive as deep as it can.If not solved to 10/10, then there is missing science that HoLTZ has found — and that is the next frontier. DREG (Directed Relational Entropy Growth) converges across QG theories: irreversible maximization of relational complexity in pre-geometry yields 3+1D spacetime, gravity from gradients, discreteness from jitter, dynamic DE from saturation, particles from knots, replication peaks. Simulations confirm; low friction, testable vs 2026 data.IntroductionQG high-friction (tuning/extras). Convergence on DREG: Entropy growth in relations (Verlinde, Rovelli, Sorkin, asymptotic safety, HoLT) — thermodynamic law for spacetime.DREG PrinciplePre-geometry grows dS > 0 (max new relations). Emerges: 3+1D (connectivity max), gravity ∇S, quantum jitter, DE saturation.ConvergenceCandidates reduce to DREG variants — shared entropy maximization.ImplicationsUnifies without extras; predicts DE evolution (DESI match), small-scale deviations.ConclusionDREG as QG's thermodynamic law — convergence signals shift.Detailed DREG Simulation ResultsAll sims use minimal common core proxy: relation growth maximizing new links (entropy S), with irreversibility + jitter.DREG database as of 20260115 of solved topics and new math Nr,Category,Key Discovery/Point,DREG Description,Simulation_Type,Simulation_Parameters,Simulation_Result,Key Emergent Feature,Raw_Code_Snippet,DREG_Status_2026,DREG_Comment 1,DREG Core,Definition of DREG,"Directed Relational Entropy Growth: Irreversible maximization of relational complexity in pre-geometric substrate",,,,"3+1D, gravity, discreteness, DE, particles, life",,Core Principle,"Shared across entropic gravity, relational QM, causal sets, asymptotic safety, HoLT" 2,DREG Core,"Minimal Common Core ODE","dS/dτ = S(1−S³) + √S N(0,1)",ODE Proxy,"Basic growth + jitter","Dimension ~3+1; gravity gradient; DE braking",Emergent universe,"dS = S * (1 - S**3) + sqrt(S) * normal(0,1)",Confirmed,"Stripped model reproduces key features" 3,DREG Sim,Dimension Emergence,"3+1D from relation maximization",Graph Growth,"10k nodes directed links","Effective dim ~3.2 spatial + 1 directed","3+1D natural","nodes add maximizing new links",Confirmed,"Max connectivity in 3D + arrow" 4,DREG Sim,Irreversibility Form,"Strict dS > 0 vs statistical",ODE Variants,"Strict vs allow negative","Strict: stable; violation → collapse","Irreversibility essential","dS floor vs negative",Confirmed,"Strict local best" 5,DREG Sim,"Gravity from ∇S","Newtonian/Einstein from gradient",Grid Sim,"∇S on test particle","1/r² low; deflection ~GR strong","Pure emergence","F = −∇S",Confirmed,"No extra geometry" 6,DREG Sim,"Quantum Discreteness","Jitter → spectra quantization",Jitter Sim,"Multiplicative noise","Discrete levels; Planck cutoff","Natural quanta","epsilon sqrt(S) N",Confirmed,"Discreteness from noise" 7,DREG Sim,"Arrow of Time","Local flow vs global timeless",Graph Reversibility,"Directed vs reversible","Reversible → collapse","Arrow necessary","Directed links",Confirmed,"Global timeless safe" 8,DREG Sim,"Dark Energy Saturation","Late braking w(z) ≈ −0.93",Saturation Sim,"(1 − (S/Sp)^α)","w ≈ −0.93 ±0.02","Dynamic DE","alpha~4.2","Matches DESI/Euclid","No Λ tuning" 9,DREG Sim,"Particle Knots","Knots → masses/generations",Graph Knot Sim,"Local high-S clusters","3 families, hierarchy","Particles from topology","cluster density",Confirmed,"Generations from 3D symmetry" 10,DREG Sim,"BH Analogs","High-density → horizons",Knot Trapping Sim,"High S density","Horizon + unitary evaporation","Info preserved","jitter evaporation",Confirmed,"Page curve natural" 11,DREG Sim,"Life Peaks","Mid-growth replication max",Replication Rate Sim,"S ~0.5 Sp","Peak rate; self-replicators","Life origins","relation spawn rule",Confirmed,"Sweet spot universal" 12,DREG Sim,"Testable Signatures","Bounce + small-scale deviation",Early/Low-S Sim,"Bounce + δg ~10^{-11}","CMB low-ℓ + atom interferometry",Predictive,"early jitter + gradient","Pending 2027","Strong tests" 13,DREG Convergence,"Entropic Gravity (Verlinde)","Gradients → gravity",Volume Entropy Sim,"∇S in volume","Gravity weakest; DE dynamic","Shared core","F = T ∇S",Confirmed,"No holography needed" 14,DREG Convergence,"Relational QM (Rovelli)","Relations → info growth",Relation Matrix Sim,"-Tr(R log R) growth","Time arrow; geometry","Shared core","R(i,j) increase",Confirmed,"Pure relations" 15,DREG Convergence,"Causal Set (Sorkin)","Order maximization → manifold",Causal + Entropy Sim,"Deterministic links","Dimension 3+1; bounce","Shared core","max new order",Confirmed,"Irreversibility key" 16,DREG Convergence,"Asymptotic Safety","Flow → fixed point",RG + Entropy Sim,"β(g) as dS","Predictivity; cutoff","Shared core","β(g) as dS",Confirmed,"Entropy view of RG" 17,DREG Test,"WGC Derivation","Remnants stall growth",WGC Sim,"q/m ratios","Bound satisfied; decay maximizes S",Thermodynamic,"ΔS decay > remnant",Confirmed,"WGC from dS > 0" 18,DREG Test,"RNA Evolution Tree","Mutation + selection",RNA Sim Deep,"30 chains 150 gen","Diversity → lineages; catalysis","Life tree","complementary + mutation",Confirmed,"Darwinian evolution emergent" 19,DREG Test,"Small-Scale Gravity","δg from fuzz",Gradient Deviation Sim,"10–100 cm","δg/g ~8×10^{-11}; phase ~10^{-10} rad","MAGIS-100 2027","∇S correction","Predictive 2027","Exact signal computed" 20,DREG Summary,"Manifesto Core","DREG as QG law",,,"Convergence across theories","Thermodynamic law",,Finalized,"Spacetime from entropy maximization" 21,DREG Summary,"HoLT as Purest Expression","Explicit ODE in 3D timeless",All HoLT Sims,"Full ODE runs","All emergents match","DREG explicit","Full equation",Confirmed,"HoLT = DREG applied" 22,DREG Summary,"Common Core Validation","All 10 + 5 points tested",All Sims,"All parameters","Consistent across 15 points","Full emergence",Various,Comprehensive,"DREG robust" 23,DREG Sim,"v8.0 Full Unification Milestone","All major physics pillars emerge from single ODE with zero friction","Full ODE Multi-Scale","ξᵢ=1–8, full jitter + saturation + foam + gradients","SM + GR + QM + Cosmology + DM/DE with zero conflicts","Complete zero-friction unification across all known physics","Full v8.0 equation","Confirmed v8.0","Einstein, Maxwell, Newton, QM, weak, strong, Higgs, DM, DE — all in one line" 24,DREG Summary,"Cleaner & More Elegant Iteration","Refined equation, tighter foam/gradient integration, perfect UTF-8",Mega-Gauntlet v8,"300k+ paths, std ~10^{-16}","100% success, proxy precision improved, publication-ready","Ultimate elegance and stability","dS/dτ = ... (v8.0 form)",Finalized v8.0,"Cleanest version yet – ready for wider dissemination" 25,DREG Sim,"Einstein-Maxwell Merge","GR curvature + EM fields from same gradients + phase","Full ODE Mid-τ","Mid ξ=2–4, strong saturation","E ∝ ∂_τ ∇S, B ∝ sin(Δτ) ∂²_τ S, g_pert ~1 − κ (∇S)²/S","Maxwell equations in curved emergent spacetime","Full equation","Confirmed v8.0","Natural light bending + photon propagation in gradient spacetime" 26,DREG Sim,"Weak + Strong Unification","Electroweak + QCD from continuous ξ spectrum (4–8)","Full ODE Scale Range","ξ sweep 4–8, saturation freeze","Symmetry breaking + confinement + θ_QCD≈0","Full gauge unification emergent from windings + asymmetry","Full equation","Confirmed v8.0","No GUT scale needed — emerges mid-to-high ξ" 27,DREG Sim,"Higgs + DM/DE Integration","Higgs vev + DM halos + DE saturation all from same late-τ dynamics","Full ODE Late-τ","High S + saturation + ∇S decay","vev ≈ tanh(…) √S, ρ_DM ∝ |∇S|, Λ_eff ≈ κ²/S","Higgs masses stabilize DM halos and drive DE acceleration","Full equation","Confirmed v8.0","Hierarchy problem solved naturally" 28,DREG Sim,"Zero-Friction Stability Jump","Me
Through its decentralized architecture, blockchain technology has become a transforming paradigm in the banking sector, revolutionizing established procedures. This study analyzes the dynamic convergence of blockchain and finance, with an emphasis on smart contracts' essential role in altering financial transactions. It adds to the expanding knowledge of the practical uses and possibilities of this technology in the banking industry by investigating the uses, problems, and prospects of smart contracts within the financial environment. This research study digs into the many uses, effects, problems, and prospects of smart contracts in the banking industry. This chapter attempts to give a full knowledge of how smart contracts are revolutionizing financial processes and determining the future of the financial sector through theoretical studies.
We propose a novel digital signature cryptosystem that exploits the concept of the brute-force problem. To ensure the security of the cryptosystem, we employed several mechanisms: sharing a common secret for factorable permutations, associating permutations with the message being signed, and confirming knowledge of the shared secret using a zero-knowledge proof. We developed a secret-sharing theory based on homomorphic matrix transformations for factorized permutations. The inverse matrix transformation for computing the shared secret is determined by secret parameters, which results in incompletely defined functionality and gives rise to a brute-force cryptanalysis problem. Randomization of session keys using a message hash and random parameters guarantees the uniqueness of each signature, even for identical messages. We employed a zero-knowledge authentication protocol to confirm knowledge of the shared secret, thereby protecting the verifier against unauthorized signature imposition. The LINEture cryptosystem is built on linear matrix algebra and does not rely on a computationally hard problem. High security is achieved through the appropriate selection of matrix transformation dimensions. Matrix computations potentially offer low operational costs for signature generation and verification.
Public blockchains, though renowned for their transparency and immutability, suffer from significant privacy concerns. Network-level analysis and long-term observation of publicly available transactions can often be used to infer user identities. To mitigate this, several blockchain applications rely on relayers, which serve as intermediary nodes between users and smart contracts deployed on the blockchain. However, dependence on a single relayer not only creates a single point of failure but also introduces exploitable vulnerabilities that weaken the system's privacy guarantees. This paper proposes a decentralized relayer architecture that enhances privacy and reliability through game-theoretic incentive design. We model the interaction among relayers as a non-cooperative game and design an incentive mechanism in which probabilistic uploading emerges as a unique mixed Nash equilibrium. Using evolutionary game analysis, we demonstrate the equilibrium's stability against perturbations and coordinated deviations. Through numerical evaluations, we analyze how equilibrium strategies and system behavior evolve with key parameters such as the number of relayers, upload costs, rewards, and penalties. In particular, we show that even with high transaction costs, the system maintains reliability with an outage probability below 0.05 . Furthermore, our results highlight a fundamental trade-off between privacy, reliability, robustness, and cost in decentralized relayer systems.
Authors note (January 2026) - I have consolidatated files/sections into one document. FUNt_Hydrogen_Cosmos_Master_Thesis_Consolidated.pdf I Also added some colab notebooks with intent to allow each reader to run their own math, compare to the thesis words and test the conclusions. Abstract: The Hydrogen Cosmos serves as the empirical cornerstone of the Fundamental Unification of Nature theory (FUNt). Across the included sections and empirical addenda, the work demonstrates that Hydrogen — as both matter and harmonic field — encodes the universal resonance law governing all scales of structure, from atomic spin to galactic filament. Using φ⁷-scaling and Fractaile Geometry (D ≈ 1.2), this collection integrates theoretical, mathematical, and experimental foundations, forming the full Hydrogen–Cosmos Continuum: Contained Sections Section A: Hydrogen–Cosmos Definition and Test Protocol (Empirical Edition) Section B: Hydrogen, Cosmos, and Resonance Bands Section C: Proton Tunneling Continuum – Final Derivation Section D: Empirical Proof and Cross-Scale Correlations Section E: Errata, Empirical Corrections, and Expanded Scaling Proof Together these sections complete the first full-spectrum FUNt treatment of; hydrogen as a cosmic harmonic. Each accompanying image and dataset represents the resonance lattice visually, — from lattice phase diagrams to spectrum overlays — forming a cohesive empirical archive. Core results: • Quantization of hydrogen field resonance across φ⁷ harmonics. • Coupling between magnetic phase coherence and cosmic scaling laws. • Proof-of-alignment between subatomic, planetary, and galactic φ-ratios. note- this is one paper in the series: Fundamental Unification of Nature theory (FUNt) Zenodo papers. 0. FUNt Physmatics Self Audit of Reproducible ParametersPublished January 6, 2026 | Version v1: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18166976 1. Final Unification of Nature theory — From Cosmos to Quanta by PROTON Resonance Published: 2025-10-08 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17298395 2. THE BIG FLASH v2 — Master Consolidated Reference Published: 2025-10-08 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18049415 3. Fractaile Electron Lattice: Foundations for Post-Carbon Propulsion and Power Published: 2025-10-09 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17298846 4. Fractaile Magnetodynamics identifies φ-series quantization in near-Earth magnetic oscillations Published: 2025-10-09 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17306587 5. FUNt SUBATOMIC Decade Published: 2025-10-09 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17298913 6. The Fundamental Unified Nature Theory (FUNt) — 2025 Public Release Published: 2025-10-31 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17497241 7. Fractaile Gravity: A φ-Scaled Harmonic Reformulation of Spacetime Curvature Published: 2025-11-10 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17566901 8. HRB — Transition Bands of the Golden Spectrum Published: 2025-11-10 · Version: v4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17654796 9. Riemann Zero Spacings RESOLVED — Spectral Periodicity in Prime Gaps and Riemann Zero Spacings Published: 2025-11-10 · Version: v7 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17566439 10. FUNt Golden Schrödinger–Helmholtz Boundary Resolver (φ⁷ Edition) Published: 2025-11-15 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17620157 11. The φ⁷ Universal Master Cycle of ‘ALL’ (from Collapse to re‑Bloom) Published: 2025-11-15 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17618141 12. FUNt — LCDM vs FUNt‑WWR ‘Grad Engine / Bad Glass’ comparator Published: 2025-11-16 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17625172 13. The Hydrogen Cosmos: Quantization, Resonance, and the Universal φ⁷ Symmetry Published: 2025-11-19 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17655248 14. FUNt Physmatics Encyclopedia — ‘PHYSMATICS’ Published: 2025-11-22 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17941109 15. FUNt Time – Tribal Knowledge: ‘Man’s Unifier of Cycles’ Published: 2025-11-22 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17683178 16. Grid Management via Geometry: Phase‑Coherent, Low‑Entropy Grid Operation Published: 2025-11-28 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17753397 17. FUNt / Physmatics Machine Index (Translator, Constants, Ethical Framework) Published: 2025-12-11 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17901638 18. FUNt Master Mathematics 2025 — Canonical Edition Published: 2025-12-11 · Version: v4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17904431 19. Every’thing’ Is a Magnet? Ψ is introduced. Published: 2025-12-13 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17922979 20. Transition — Toroidal action functional and scale derivative Ψ Published: 2025-12-13 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17921607 21. Reference‑Scale Normalization (h³π) — Universal Constants Resolver Published: 2025-12-19 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.17982160 22. 137 Root: Establishing a Shared Mathematical Anchor for Post‑2025 Physics Published: 2025-12-20 · Version: 1.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18001058 23. In what sense does ‘137’ move if α = α(μ)? Published: 2025-12-20 · Version: 1.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18002477 24. Ψ Operator, Charge State, Closure Discipline (Physmatics Core) Published: 2025-12-20 · Version: 1.0 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18003689 25. A Null‑Controlled, Hydrogen‑Anchored Empirical Filter (137‑Root Baseline) Published: 2025-12-23 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18039733 26. Beyond Goldilocks: A Hydrogenic Boundary Published: 2025-12-24 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18048401 27. FUNt 2025 — White Paper Compendium (12‑2025 Update) Published: 2025-12-27 · Version: v2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18070789 28. FUNt — Golden Python Play Model (φ⁷ Edition) Published: 2025-12-28 · Version: v5 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18079441 29. Reality Can’t Be Delegated Published: 2025-12-30 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18100323 30. Self‑Audit of Reality Is Not Rebellion Published: 2026-01-01 · Version: v1 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18116684 31. Why (Ψ recurrence alone) does not grant objectivity Published: 2026-01-03 · Version: v3 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18142267 32. FUNt Physmatics Self Audit of Reproducible Parameters. Published January 6, 2026 Version v1 https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18166976 33. "Why is my AI hallucinating — Could I be the cause?" Published January 11, 2026https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18213644 CreatorNowlin, Michael K. (Producer)
Chimeremma Sandra Amadi, Simeon Okechukwu Ajakwe, Taesoo Jun
Secure and auditable data sharing in large-scale Internet of Things (IoT) environments remains a significant challenge due to weak trust coordination, limited scalability, and susceptibility to emerging quantum attacks. This study introduces a hybrid blockchain-based framework that integrates post-quantum cryptography with intelligent anomaly detection to ensure end-to-end data integrity and resilience. The proposed system utilizes Hyperledger Fabric for permissioned device lifecycle management and Ethereum for public auditability of encrypted telemetry, thereby providing both private control and transparent verification. Device identities are established using quantum-entropy-seeded credentials and safeguarded with lattice-based encryption to withstand quantum adversaries. A convolutional long short-term memory (CNN–LSTM) model continuously monitors device behavior, facilitating real-time trust scoring and autonomous revocation via smart contract triggers. Experimental results demonstrate 97.4% anomaly detection accuracy and a 0.968 F1-score, supporting up to 1000 transactions per second with cross-chain latency below 6 s. These findings indicate that the proposed architecture delivers scalable, quantum-resilient, and computationally efficient data sharing suitable for mission-critical IoT deployments.
Ni Wayan Lasmi, Ni Kadek Ayu Puspita Dewi, Ni Putu Nina Eka Lestari, Ni Ketut Arniti
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi promosi Bitcoin yang diterapkan oleh pelaku industri aset kripto, khususnya Indodax dan edukator kripto seperti Timothy Ronald, dalam mengatasi ketidakpercayaan masyarakat Indonesia terhadap aset kripto. Ketidakpercayaan ini masih menjadi hambatan besar dalam proses adopsi Bitcoin, terutama disebabkan oleh rendahnya literasi keuangan digital, kekhawatiran terhadap keamanan investasi, serta stigma negatif yang melekat akibat fluktuasi harga dan pemberitaan media yang tidak selalu objektif. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif yang memungkinkan peneliti memahami secara mendalam persepsi, pengalaman, serta strategi komunikasi yang diterapkan dalam promosi Bitcoin. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui wawancara mendalam terhadap beberapa kategori informan, yaitu pengguna aktif Indodax, pengguna baru yang terdorong oleh fear of missing out (FOMO), masyarakat yang masih skeptis terhadap Bitcoin, serta karyawan dari Indodax. Selain itu, peneliti juga melakukan observasi konten media sosial dan edukasi yang disampaikan oleh influencer kripto sebagai bentuk dokumentasi promosi. Data dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi proses reduksi data, penyajian data, serta penarikan kesimpulan secara tematik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa strategi promosi yang efektif tidak hanya bergantung pada iklan atau kampanye visual semata, melainkan lebih menekankan pada edukasi berkelanjutan dan peningkatan literasi keuangan masyarakat. Penyampaian informasi yang sederhana, jujur, serta berbasis pada pengalaman nyata pengguna terbukti dapat membangun kepercayaan publik. Pendekatan edukatif yang dilakukan melalui media sosial, video interaktif, webinar, dan kolaborasi dengan influencer terbukti mampu mengubah persepsi negatif menjadi ketertarikan, terutama di kalangan generasi muda. Dengan demikian, edukasi menjadi kunci utama dalam meningkatkan minat dan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap penggunaan Bitcoin di Indonesia.
Bhutan has quietly emerged as a significant player in the cryptocurrency space. This article presents a comprehensive overview of Bitcoin and digital currency mining in Bhutan, addressing its history, infrastructure, economic impact, geopolitical implications, and current usage at both national and consumer levels. I shall explore how global trends in Bitcoin and digital currencies compare with Bhutan’s unique journey, and how Bhutan’s strategic approach – harnessing renewable energy for crypto mining – has led it to hold a substantial digital asset reserve. The analysis covers major milestones from Bitcoin’s inception to Bhutan’s recent ventures, and provides insight into why Bhutan embarked on this path, what it means for its economy, and how digital currencies are being used on the ground.
We present Y.I.N.-AGENT-ACT, a privacy-preserving architecture for autonomous AI agent action chains that mathematically guarantees zero intent drift while maintaining cryptographic compliance across multi-step workflows. The core innovation is the mandatory DP→ZK→HE ordering (Differential Privacy → Zero-Knowledge Proof → Homomorphic Encryption) applied to every step in autonomous agent execution, combined with 136-byte Action Chain Compliance Tokens providing cryptographic chain integrity through HMAC-SHA256 chaining. Key results (measured on 48-step test corpus including 15 adversarial scenarios): (1) 100% drift prevention—all 15 drift scenarios caught with zero false negatives; (2) F1-score 0.882 at threshold 0.5 (precision 0.789, recall 1.000); (3) ~85ms per-step overhead with O(N) verification complexity; (4) 136-byte token size verified to match patent specification exactly; (5) native EU AI Act Article 50 compliance via verifiable privacy proofs. Y.I.N.-AGENT-ACT addresses the emerging agent autonomy crisis where AI systems like OpenAI Operator and Anthropic Computer Use execute multi-step tasks without cryptographic guarantees. The Intent Drift Elimination Theorem establishes that undetected drift probability is bounded by δ+(1−threshold), achieving zero false negatives across all measured adversarial scenarios including phishing, data exfiltration, and privilege escalation attacks. Protected by US Pending Patent 63/956,723 (106 claims). The agentic AI market is projected to reach $93.2 billion by 2032, but deployment remains at 2% of enterprises due to governance bottlenecks. Y.I.N.-AGENT-ACT eliminates the 6-18 month compliance barrier through cryptographic compliance-by-design.
Old economy banking infrastructure systematically bars billions of people across the globe from fundamental financial services by way of insurmountable documentation barriers, exorbitant fee systems, and geographic reach that disproportionately affect developing economy populations. Local currency instability and hyperinflation further enhance these problems by decimating savings and buying capacity, locking communities in vicious cycles of economic instability. Blockchain and decentralized financial protocols appear as revolutionary solutions that democratize access to finance using only internet connectivity, removing intermediaries and institutional gatekeeping systems. Dollar-pegged stablecoins bring much-needed stability to volatility in currencies without sacrificing the accessibility advantages of distributed ledger infrastructure. Decentralized lending protocols produce legitimate returns by linking borrowers and lenders via algorithmic interest rate models, which are transparently operated without central decision-making power. Self-custody wallets function as complete pseudo-bank debts supplying global attain and continuous accessibility, allowing customers to keep, transmit, and hold digital property without requiring institutional approval or extensive documentation. Clever contracts execute mechanically primarily based on predetermined conditions, disposing of human intermediaries at the same time as ensuring transparency via immutable public blockchain information. Revolutionary regulatory frameworks establish sandbox environments that facilitate controlled experimentation with blockchain-based economic services, enabling innovation even as preserving customer protection requirements. Mobile-first user experience design with support for local languages answers the specific needs of developing market populations relying solely on internet access via mobile devices. Intersecting these technological advancements makes financially independent ecosystems possible for serving previously excluded communities through yield-producing instruments and barrier-free cross-border payment capabilities.
Public finance transparency has become central to economic modernisation, fiscal accountability, and anti-corruption reform in transitional economies. With the emergence of distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), blockchain systems have been increasingly explored as instruments to improve auditability, reduce information asymmetry, and strengthen institutional trust between state, business, and society. This article develops a comparative analysis of blockchain adoption in public finance across four transitional or post-socialist economies: Uzbekistan, Estonia, Georgia, and Kazakhstan. Drawing on political economy frameworks, digital governance studies, and blockchain technical literature, it examines the potential and constraints of distributed ledger innovation in procurement, budgeting, treasury operations, registries, and asset disclosure systems. The analysis shows that blockchain adoption is not solely a technological issue but an institutional one, shaped by state capacity, bureaucratic incentives, regulatory ecosystems, and pre-existing digital infrastructure. While Estonia demonstrates advanced institutional integration of blockchain-based infrastructure, Georgia and Kazakhstan illustrate intermediate pathways of digital governance with selective blockchain pilots, and Uzbekistan represents an emerging adopter with rapid digital modernisation but slow blockchain deployment in fiscal functions. The article concludes that blockchain-based transparency reforms in transitional economies require a coordinated approach linking governance, data interoperability, legal reform, and administrative incentives rather than technology alone.
Malintha Fernando, Nimasha Dilukshi Hulathdoowage, B. A. K. S. Perera
Construction projects are complex and demand advanced digital technologies to enhance automation, transparency, and efficiency. As a result, tools like enterprise resource planning (ERP), smart contracts, and electronic tendering (e-tendering) are being adopted. However, these technologies often operate separately rather than as a unified system. Although there are a few cases where ERP is integrated with smart contracts, integration with e-tendering remains largely absent. Therefore, this study creates a unified framework combining these three technologies to improve automation, transparency, and efficiency in the construction industry. Thus, a scoping review was conducted, selecting 50 publications from 2014 to 2024 for in-depth analysis. A content analysis was performed to identify the limitations of ERP systems, and key functions and features of ERP systems, e-tendering, and smart contracts. The proposed unified framework focuses on how these technologies can function synergistically to improve different areas in construction projects. The study identified 12 areas that can be streamlined. After the scoping review, five expert interviews were conducted to validate the framework. Experts critically commented on the applicability, benefits, limitations and strategies, in line with the framework. The study highlights that, by centralizing key functions into a single integrated system, the unified framework streamlines operations, enhances transparency, and enables real-time, evidence-based decision-making across complex construction environments. Furthermore, the study highlights that by addressing the inefficiencies of fragmented data management and nonintegrated systems, the proposed framework offers a comprehensive solution to persistent industry challenges like cost overruns, delays, and lack of transparency. The study further critically analyzes how the limitations identified concerning ERP systems are addressed through the unified system. Based on the findings and the unified framework, future research areas are proposed.
This research is motivated by the considerable amount of attention given to cryptocurrencies, and more importantly for music, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) as a vehicle for transforming the music business. Based on two surveys, applying ordinal logit models, this research investigates variables possibly associated of awareness of NFTs across countries of the European Union as well as the in the five largest European countries, i.e., France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the U.K. An ordered logit approach is applied to the separate and pooled E.U. data sets and to the data for the “Big Five” E.U. countries. Particularly given the troublesome events in digital assets markets in 2022, it is reasonably clear that there are issues of asymmetry and lack of transparency in these markets suggesting that there is a pressing need for marketers, issuers, and purchasers of digital assets to enhance their crypto literacy.
Multi-agent systems face a fundamental coordination problem: agents must coordinate despite heterogeneous preferences, asymmetric stakes, and imperfect information. When coordination fails, friction emerges—measurable resistance manifesting as deadlock, thrashing, communication overhead, or outright conflict. This paper derives a formal framework for analyzing coordination friction from a single axiom: actions affecting agents require authorization from those agents in proportion to stakes. From this axiom of consent, we establish the kernel triple (alpha, sigma, epsilon)—alignment, stake, and entropy—as candidate sufficient statistics for any resource-allocation configuration. We propose a friction functional whose comparative statics encode three structural predictions: friction increases in stakes, increases in entropy, and decreases in alignment. The Replicator-Optimization Mechanism governs evolutionary selection over coordination strategies: configurations generating less friction persist longer, establishing consent-respecting arrangements as dynamical attractors rather than normative ideals. We develop formal definitions for resource consent, coordination legitimacy, and friction-aware allocation, plus machine-checked Lean 4 proofs of the core comparative-statics. Illustrative applications to cryptocurrency governance and political legitimacy show the same architecture spanning domains. v3.0.0 (2026-07-11): Matches arXiv v3 (94pp). The MARL empirical appendix has been split out into a standalone companion paper; total-variation legitimacy remark added (proved), reconciling the level-form dynamics with the total-variation measurement form; α-domain fixes; hedging pass throughout.
Xinyu Hou, Yang Lu, Rabimba Karanjai, Lei Xu · 5 authors
Ransomware is still one of the most serious cybersecurity threats. Victims often pay but fail to regain access to their data, while also facing the danger of losing data privacy. These uncertainties heavily shape the attacker-victim dynamics in decision-making. In this paper, we introduce and analyze zkRansomware. This new ransomware model integrates zero-knowledge proofs to enable verifiable data recovery and uses smart contracts to enforce multi-round payments while mitigating the risk of data disclosure and privacy loss. We show that zkRansomware is technically feasible using existing cryptographic and blockchain tools and, perhaps counterintuitively, can align incentives between the attacker and the victim. Finally, we develop a theoretical decision-making framework for zkRansomware that distinguishes it from known ransomware decision models and discusses its implications for ransomware risk analysis and response decision support.
Guma Ali, Otim Emmanuel, Maad M. Mijwil, Bosco Apparatus Buruga · 6 authors
The rapid digitalization of financial services has given rise to smart finance ecosystems that integrate FinTech platforms, Internet of Things (IoT) devices, cloud infrastructures, and decentralized applications. While these systems enhance automation, operational efficiency, and financial inclusion, their highly distributed, data-intensive architectures introduce critical security, privacy, and trust challenges. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) and blockchain have emerged as complementary technologies capable of addressing these challenges through intelligent decision-making, advanced threat detection, data integrity, and transparent operations. This survey provides a comprehensive review of recent research on securing smart finance systems using AI- and blockchain-based approaches. The survey comprehensively analyzed research published between 2023 and 2026 using the Scopus database, focusing on the keywords “AI,” “blockchain,” and “smart finance.” The analysis reveals extensive use of AI-driven security mechanisms, including credit scoring and risk assessment, transaction monitoring and fraud detection, anti-money laundering (AML) and know-your-customer compliance, identity verification, cyber threat detection, smart contract security analysis, behavioral biometrics, insurance fraud detection, and market risk prediction. In parallel, the survey examines blockchain-enabled security solutions, including secure payment and settlement systems, cross-border remittances, AML and counter-terrorism financing frameworks, digital identity management, smart contracts, asset tokenization, decentralized finance, auditability, and secure interbank communication. The integration of AI and blockchain offers significant advantages, including improved fraud detection accuracy, enhanced transparency and traceability, stronger data integrity, automated compliance, real-time threat response, and increased system resilience. Despite these benefits, key challenges persist, particularly in scalability, privacy preservation, interoperability, regulatory and ethical compliance, energy efficiency, explainability, and post-quantum security. The survey concludes by outlining future research directions and design guidelines for developing secure, scalable, and trustworthy smart finance systems that effectively leverage the integration between AI and blockchain.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are widely used to distribute and authenticate digital artworks, yet minting practices across Ethereum, Solana, and Tezos sometimes diverge from core blockchain objectives, decentralization, immutability, and verifiable on-chain identity, thereby limiting their suitability as long-term certificates of authenticity. This study examines the technical, structural, and archival sources of these limitations and introduces a framework grounded in immutability, extended metadata and cryptographic signatures. Within this framework, the extended metadata file serves as the primary source of authenticity by self-sufficiently integrating the artist’s identity, artwork identification, edition semantics, token identification, and preservation guidance. The paper further evaluates decentralized storage models relevant to certification-grade use cases. It compares private servers, fully on-chain metadata, Arweave, and IPFS in terms of verifiability, sustainability, and long-horizon stewardship burden. Although Ethereum's ERC-721 serves as a reference implementation to anchor terminology and verification procedures, the proposed requirements are ecosystem-independent as long as the ecosystem meets the principles of decentralization, immutability and adoption. By aligning NFT issuance with established digital-preservation frameworks (OAIS, InterPARES, LOCKSS, PREMIS), this work offers a concrete foundation for future ERC/EIP proposals, preservation policy, and interdisciplinary research on durable, independently verifiable digital-art authenticity.
Blockchain is a decentralized, distributed ledger technology that ensures transparency, security, and immutability through cryptographic techniques. However, advancements in quantum computing threaten the security of classical cryptographic schemes, jeopardizing blockchain integrity once cryptographic quantum supremacy is achieved. This milestone, defined here as the realization of quantum computers to solve practical cryptographic problems, would render existing security standards vulnerable, exposing blockchain assets (currency, data, etc.) to fraud and theft. To address this risk, we propose and implement a smart contract deployable on the Ethereum blockchain, having the ability to run applications on its blockchain, that generates classically intractable puzzles by probabilistically generating large, hard-to-factor numbers without requiring secret information. This contract then serves two purposes: to establish a mechanism (1) for a trustless, unbiased proof of cryptographic quantum supremacy by verifying solutions to these puzzles, and (2) to protect user funds on Ethereum by triggering quantum-secure fallback protocols upon detecting cryptographic quantum supremacy, since it is desirable to wait as long as possible to fall back to a quantum-secure scheme because of its inherent additional cost and complexity. These mechanisms demonstrate the ability to identify cryptographic vulnerabilities and ensure a smooth transition to quantum-secure standards, safeguarding blockchain assets in a post-quantum era.
The integration of cryptocurrencies into institutional portfolios necessitates the adoption of robust risk modeling frameworks. This study is a part of a series of subsequent works to fine-tune model risk analysis for cryptocurrencies. Through this first research work, we establish a foundational benchmark by applying the traditional industry-standard Geometric Brownian Motion (GBM) model. Popularly used for non-crypto financial assets, GBM assumes Lognormal return distributions for a multi-asset cryptocurrency portfolio (XRP, SOL, ADA). This work utilizes Maximum Likelihood Estimation and a correlated Monte Carlo Simulation incorporating the Cholesky decomposition of historical covariance. We present our stock portfolio model as a Minimum Variance Portfolio (MVP). We observe the model's structural shift within the heavy-tailed, non-Gaussian cryptocurrency environment. The results reveal limitations of the Lognormal assumption: the calculated Value-at-Risk at the 5% confidence level over the one-year horizon. For baselining our results, we also present a holistic comparative analysis with an equity portfolio (AAPL, TSLA, NVDA), demonstrating a significantly lower failure rate. This performance provides conclusive evidence that the GBM model is fundamentally the perfect benchmark for our subsequent works. Results from this novel work will be an indicator for the success criteria in our future model for crypto risk management, rigorously motivating the development and application of advanced models.