Deconcentration is an important element in the administration of the state. Its existence is not only in administrative law order, but also in Constitutional law because - like decentralization - it concerns the foundations and organization of the state. If decentralization gave birth to local government (autonomous region), then deconcentration gave birth to local state government (administrative area). These administrative areas are headed by what is known theoretically as a Prefector. For the Indonesian context, the prefector is held by the governor in such a way that the governor has a dual position, namely as the head of the autonomous region of the province as well as the prefector. The laws governing local government in Indonesia use the term representative of the center in the regions for the designation of prefector. Since the reformation until now, the administration of government from the center to the regions seems to have marginalized deconcentration as the governance structure. There was a strong impression during the reform era that looked at deconcentration as if were the antithesis of democracy. The impression was so strong that deconcentration and administrative areas were no longer included in the post-amendment 1945 Constitution. The deconcentrative authority possessed by the governor to revoke Regency/City Regional Regulations (Perda) that are contrary to higher laws, public interests, and decency, was annulled by the constitutional court in its decision in 2016. Furthermore, budgeting and regulation and formation the apparatus that assists the governor as the central representative in the regions appears to be running slowly. In this way the question arises: is the implementation of deconcentration effective by the governor as the representative of the central government in the regions? To answer this question, research was carried out on the implementation of the deconcentration. The results of the research show that the implementation of the deconcentration has not been effective due to various limitations: limited tools, limited rules, and limited authority
Abstract. The practice of transactions in NFTs uses cryptocurrencies, while using cryptocurrencies as tools of payment is declared haram by the MUI because it contains gharar and dharar. So this reseach aims to find out the transaction scheme of NFT assets in OpenSea and to find out the practice of NFT transactions in terms of muamalah jurisprudence. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach, types of normative juridical research data, data collection is obtained by literature study and interviews, data analysis techniques are qualitative data studied inductively. The results of this research show that the first NFT transaction scheme is almost the same as transacting in the marketplace in general, the difference is in the payment scheme using cryptocurrencies instead of using currency, the second based on the MUI fatwa regarding cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange is declared haram because it contains gharar, dharar, and is contrary to Law No. 7 of 2011 concerning Currency and Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 17 of 2015 concerning the obligation to use rupiah in the Republic of Indonesia, so NFT transactions using cryptocurrency is prohibited because in practice the transaction is violates the pillars of the buying and selling contract.
 
 Abstrak. Praktik transaksi dalam NFT menggunakan cryptocurrency, sementara itu penggunaan cryptocurrency sebagai alat bayar dinyatakan haram oleh MUI karena mengandung gharar dan dharar. Maka penelitian ini memiliki tujuan untuk Mengetahui skema transaksi aset NFT di OpenSea serta untuk mengetahui praktik transaksi NFT ditinjau dari fikih muamalah. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini ialah pendekatan kualitatif, jenis data penelitian yuridis normatif, pengumpulan datanya diperoleh dengan studi literatur dan wawancara, teknik analisis datanaya ialah data kualitatif ditelaah secara induktif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa yang pertama skema transaksi NFT ini hampir sama dengan bertransaksi di marketplace pada umumnya, perbedaannya terdapat pada skema pembayarannya menggunakan cryptocurrency bukan menggunakan uang kartal, yang kedua berdasarkan fatwa MUI mengenai cryptocurrency sebagai alat tukar dinyatakan haram karena mengandung gharar, dharar, serta bertentangan dengan UU No. 7 Tahun 2011 Tentang Mata Uang dan Peraturan Bank Indonesia Nomor 17 Tahun 2015 mengenai kewajiban menggunakan rupiah di NKRI, dengan demikian transaksi NFT yang menggunakan cryptocurrency ini tidak boleh karena dalam praktik transaksinya terdapat ketidak sesuaian dengan rukun akad jual beli.
The presence of four new autonomous regions (DOB) in Papua completes the number of provinces in Indonesia to 38. This study examines the formation of the new autonomous region in Papua from the perspective of state administrative law. This type of research is juridical normative with a statutory, concept, and case approach. The study results show Law Number 2 of 202,1, which eliminates preparation areas, even though the preparation areas are crucial in forming a new autonomous region. With asymmetric decentralization, special autonomy will be imposed on the new autonomous regions in Papua, which have specificity regarding authority, finance, and institutions. However, there are several notes, such as the Governor and DPRP formed from the results of the 2024 simultaneous elections & regional election; as a result, the acting governor is equipped with crucial authority that is prone to conflict of interest. This article also provides ideas and recommendations regarding the formation of the Papua new autonomous region as follows: 1) The implementation of primary areas in the process of forming the Papua new autonomous region; 2) The government immediately issued government regulation of Desartada; 3) Maximizing the participation of indigenous Papuans in the establishment of the new autonomous region in Papua.
Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a token on the blockchain network that is used as a token of authenticity in the ownership of digital work. Along with the development of NFT as one of the investment instruments in Indonesia, it certainly raises big questions in terms of taxation. The problems in this study include, how to regulate the imposition of taxes on digital NFT asset transactions and how to enforce the law if there is a taxpayer deviation from NFT digital asset transactions. This research method is qualitative and descriptive with a normative legal approach. The results of the study indicate that NFT digital assets do not have specific tax regulations in Indonesia, but in connection with the transaction being supported through cryptocurrency, the tax is imposed according to PMK Number 68/PMK.03/2022. In terms of law enforcement on tax payments on NFT digital asset transactions, administrative and criminal sanctions may be imposed in accordance with Law Number 28 of 2007 concerning General Provisions and Tax Procedures.
Julia Ayu Widhiarti, Debby Arisandi, Miti Yarmunida
Cryptocurrency is one of the many digitalization phenomena that now exist and being hot issue among people around the world. The existence of cryptocurrency raises a question in the society, especially among the muslims related to how its law of Islam is. Therefore, this qualitative research aimed at finding out the how far the understanding that people in Bengkulu’s City have about cryptocurrency, how the cryptocurrency system is and its law of Islam. To answer that question, the researcher interviewed several samples, which is from Industry and Trade Office of Bengkulu Province, and 20 samples from the people of Selebar District, Bengkulu City. As a result, it was found that from 20 community samples, only 9/20 or 45% stated that they knew about cryptocurrency, while the 11/20 or 55% remaining stated that they didn’t know. Also 2/20 or 10% of the samples said that they had invested on cryptocurrency, while 18/20 or 90% remaining said that they had not. In addition, the research also found out that cryptocurrency transactions contains at least 2 things that are prohibited in Islam, so it’s illegal.
Cryptocurrency is the result of technological developments. The first cryptocurrency is bitcoin, introduced by Satoshi Nakamoto as a decentralized digital currency with a safe haven. Then over time, some countries recognized cryptocurrency as property are Netherlands, China, and others. Indonesia has classified cryptocurrency as a commodity. This study will discuss the legal views of property in Indonesian law regarding cryptocurrency. This study analyzed cryptocurrencies according to the material elements in Indonesian law, considering the classification of cryptocurrencies as commodities in Indonesia. This research applied a normative method with a statutory approach through primary and secondary legal materials, analyzed by descriptive analysis. This research found several material aspects in KUH Perdata that could be fulfilled in cryptocurrency. Law No. 19 of 2016 concerning Information and Electronic Transactions article 1 paragraph 2 mentions that Electronic transactions are legal acts carried out using a computer, computer network, or other media.
Virtual currency was designed as an alternative legal tender, originally for use in virtual communities, and certain online gaming sites. The number of such virtual currencies is constantly growing and reaching out to activities in the real world. Currently there are a large number of virtual currencies in circulation and they can be obtained either directly (through mining, bilateral transactions with investors, from companies that sell virtual currencies, purchase of certain goods, etc.) or indirectly through the exchange of virtual currencies. Cryptocurrency can also be referred to as unformed commercial objects; it is actually a digital form which can be used in electronic transactions. This study aims to analyze the existence of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia and find out the responsibility of money laundering perpetrators who use virtual money (cryptocurrency) in stock trading. The research method used is normative legal research. The results showed that the existence of virtual uag (cryptocurrency) in stock trading in Indonesia when used as currency unification, transacting, trading or as a means of payment with businesses in this case, especially stock trading in Indonesia, can be said to be invalid in terms of its use7 Of 2011 On Currency. Users of virtual money (cryptocurrency) in Indonesia are quite widely used in terms of business, which can be seen in Indonesia itself already circulating virtual money (cryptocurrencies) such as Bitcoin and Centcoin. Then, the responsibility of money laundering perpetrators who use virtual money (Cryptocurrency) in stock trading which is very negative for the state of Indonesia, especially in terms of business because people who have committed these crimes take advantage of technological advances unwisely so that perpetrators can be charged based on law no. 8 of 2010 on the prevention and eradication of money laundering. Keywords: Stock Trading, Cryptocurrency, Special Crimes
Regulation of money or currency in Indonesia is based on Law (UU) Number 7 of 2011 concerning Currency. Money is a symbol of state sovereignty that must be respected and proud of by all Indonesian citizens. In this study, the author discusses the implementation of cryptocurrency transactions in Indonesia according to the Regulation of the Commodity Futures Trading Supervisory Agency Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Market for Crypto Assets (Crypto Assets) on the Futures Exchange, and discusses the Legal Protection in Cryptocurrency Transactions according to the Agency Regulations. Commodity Futures Trading Supervisor Number 5 of 2019 concerning Technical Provisions for the Implementation of the Physical Crypto Asset Market on the Futures Exchange in Indonesia. This writing uses descriptive qualitative method. The results of the study state that legal protection for the community is currently familiar with digital transactions and specifically during this pandemic.Keywords: Legal Protection; Cryptocurrencies; Crypto Asset AbstrakPengaturan uang atau mata uang di Indonesia didasarkan pada Undang-Undang (UU) Nomor 7 Tahun 2011 tentang Mata Uang. Uang merupakan simbol kedaulatan negara yang harus dihormati dan dibanggakan oleh seluruh warga negara Indonesia. Dalam Penelitian ini, penulis membahas mengenai Pelaksanaan Transaksi cryptocurrency di Indonesia menurut Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset ) Di Bursa Berjangka, dan membahas tentang Perlindungan Hukum Dalam Transaksi Cryptocurrency Menurut Peraturan Badan Pengawas Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi Nomor 5 Tahun 2019 Tentang Ketentuan Teknis Penyelenggaraan Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto (Crypto Asset) Di Bursa Berjangka di Indonesia. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode kualitatif deskriptif. Adapun hasil penelitian menyatakan bahwa perlindungan hukum terhadap masyarakat saat ini sudah banyak mengenal transaksi digital dan khusus dimasa pandemic ini.Kata Kunci: Perlindungan Hukum; Cryptocurrency; Crypto Asset
The advancement of technology has impact on the notarization process. Before blockchain technology being introduced, the notarization process had been done in traditional matters: seller meets buyer, negotiation process, contract making, the parties should be known by the notary, the parties signed the contract, and so on. Those stuff are not relevant anymore with smart contract, because the basic idea of the smart contract’s existence is eliminating the function of the intermediary, so the parties could be connected directly and virtually, without the intervention from the middleman. All the ease of transaction provided by the smart contract does not necessarily eliminte it from shortcomings. The burden of proof on smart contracts is still questionable because, physically, smart contracts can only be accessed by all the parties involved.
Penelitian ini merupakan studi pustaka dan bersifat kualitatif. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan adalah deskriptif analitis dengan pendekatan hukum Islam yuridis normatif. Dari penelitian ini didapatkan hasil bahwa uang kripto bisa digunakan sebagai komoditas dalam perdagangan komoditi di Indonesia dengan syarat Pemerintah menciptakan uang kripto sendiri yang terlindung (underlying asset). Sementara itu, bitcoin tidak bisa dijadikan sebagai komoditas dalam Kontrak Derivatif Syariah, karena bitcoin masih mengandung unsur spekulasi (maysir) yang bersifat untung-untungan. Kedudukan hukumnya adalah haram lighairihi atau haram karena faktor luar.
This study aims to determine the legal status of smart contracts from the perspective of Indonesian law and Islamic law through a comprehensive literature review. The revolution of the internet and smartphones has changed human life, as happens in smart contracts. This difference in character between smart and conventional contracts has not been fully anticipated by applicable law. That is why the urgency of fiqh renewal or reform of the law in the cyberspace era. Although smart contracts are still in their infancy, and there are still many critical issues that need to be resolved, the results of the literature research show that the smart contract has fulfilled the principles in the agreement/contract in Islamic law . According to the ITE Law, a smart contract can be interpreted as an agreement referred to in Article 1313 of the Civil Code, "an act where one person binds himself to one or more other people". Although this study is not sufficient, this needs to be elaborated from the perspective of Indonesian law. The most important things in smart contracts to comply with the Islamic law are: the sequence of processes in the smart contract must comply with Islamic law, the object being transacted must be halal, the perpetrators have complied with the provisions of the Islamic law, fixed price during the contract period and the number of parties involved in the contract may increase over time.
Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan dan menganalisis karya cipta Non Fungitable Token (NFT) dalam kerangka Hak Kekayaan Intelektual. Perkembangan teknologi di bidang perdagangan menjadikan seniman lebih mudah untuk mempublikasikan karya untuk dijadikan karya yang memiliki nilai jual yang menghasilkan. Non-Fungible Token (NFT) merupakan salah satu media untuk digunakan dan sangat membantu seniman untuk berkembang. Meskipun NFT ini sudah ada sejak tahun 2014, namun masih banyak orang yang belum memahami seperti apa sistem kerja NFT ini. Keadaan ini dapat menimbulkan kebingungan terkait siapa yang menjadi pemegang hak cipta dan hak milik ketika karya tersebut sudah berkali-kali dipindahtangankan atau diperjualbelikan. Artikel ini memfokuskan diri pada karya cipta non fungible token dalam sudut pandang hukum hak kekayaan intelektual. Problem dalam artikel ini yaitu: yaitu hambatan dalam melakukan perlindungan hukum pada karya cipta non fungible token dalam kerangka hukum hak kekayaan intelektual. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif dengan studi pustaka dimana menggunakan teknik deskripsi. Data yang terkumpul akan diolah dan dianalisis. Hasil dari pembahasan ini yaitu Hak cipta hanya diberikan kepada pembuat karya tersebut sedangkan hak milik dapat diberikan kepada setiap pihak yang membeli karya tersebut. Kemudian adanya NFT yang masih minim regulasi maka membutuhkan perlindungan hukum terhadap karyanya dan disini yang menjadi payung hukum adalah hak kekayaan intelektual. Setiap karya yang ada pada NFT akan tercatat dan terdaftar secara HKI agar setiap karya terlindungi secara hukum.
Tindak pidana pencucian uang sebagai salah satu extraordinary crime mengalami perubahan dikarenakan adanya perkembangan dan kemajuan teknologi. Uang virtual atau cryptocurrency sebagai bentuk alat transaksi digital yang beredar di dunia siber berpotensi menjadi sasaran bagi para pelaku tindak pidana pencucian uang. Terjadinya kejahatan pencucian uang melalui cryptocurrency berpotensi mempersulit proses penyidikan, penuntutan, dan eksekusi terhadap perkara Tindak Pidana Pencucian Uang sehingga perlu perhatian khusus oleh pemerintah dan seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi pemanfaatan cryptocurrency sebagai sarana tindak pidana pencucian uang serta mengetahui urgensi regulasi dan penanganan tindak pidana pencucian uang menggunakan cryptocurrency. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif. Hasil penelitian ini menilai bahwa pemanfaatan cryptocurrency sebagai sarana tindak pidana pencucian uang memerlukan pengawasan yang ketat oleh aparat penegak hukum serta dasar hukum yang mengikat terkait pemanfaatan cryptocurrency sebagai salah satu alat pembayaran di Indonesia sehingga dapat meminimalisir terjadinya suatu tindak pidana terutama tindak pidana pencucian uang yang dilakukan oleh pihak yang tidak bertanggung jawab.
Islam gives women's rights perfectly without being reduced, this is to protect the honor of women in marriage. Islam also provides women's rights that must be fulfilled by husbands as husbands also have rights that must be fulfilled by wives. Among the rights of the wife is dowry, which is an ownership that is specifically given to women as an expression to appreciate it, and as a symbol to glorify and make her happy. However, the ownership of cryptocurrency as a marriage dowry in marital property is not clear yet and also regarding the transfer of rights to crypto assets because the marriage dowry is how it is implemented according to the provisions of applicable laws and regulations. The problem approach used in this study is a statutory approach, and a conceptual approach. Crypto dowry as property in marriage is included as innate property due to the concept of dowry which is a gift from the prospective groom at the time the marriage contract is held and the transfer of crypto asset rights as a dowry in marriage can be done with a grant deed which is made before the marriage contract in front of a notary who are attended by the grooms. Then the grant deed is given at the time of the marriage contract.
Investasi kripto (Cryptocurrency) sangat berkembang saat ini baik secara global maupun di indonesia, Cryptocurrency dapat digunakan sebagai alat pembayaran atau mata uang yang merupakan tujuan pertama diciptakannya mata uang tersebut, dan sisi lainnya adalah sebagai komoditas atau sebagai aset digital yang lazimnya disebut sebagai Aset Kripto atau Crypto Asset. Sebagai alat pembayaran, cryptocurrency dilarang di Indonesia tetapi sebagai aset di perbolehkan untuk diperdagangkan. Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana tata kelola pembentukan regulasi terkait perdagangan mata uang kripto (cryptocurrency) sebagai aset kripto (crypto asset) saat ini? dan Bagaimana pengaturan yang dibutuhkan untuk membangun tata kelola regulasi yang lebih komprehensif terkait aset kripto (crypto asset)?, dari hasil penelitian terdapat pengaturan terkait dengan Aset Kripto yang dikeluarkan berdasarkan Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 10 Tahun 2011 Tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 1997 Tentang Perdagangan Berjangka Komoditi, dan Peraturan Menteri perdagangan serta peraturan Bappebti. Tetapi beberapa aspek pengaturan masih belum diatur seperti terkait dengan perlindungan investor/pelanggan aset kripto dalam Bursa/ Pasar Fisik Aset Kripto.
The latest technological advancement resulted in the creation of innovations, such as cryptocurrency, namely virtual money that functions as a tool of exchange as well as a form of investment. A popular form of cryptocurrency is bitcoin. Bitcoin prices often fluctuate, which opens the risk for price manipulation that may bring loss to others. This paper aims to analyze the legal protection of bitcoin price manipulation. This descriptive research uses the doctrinal or the normative approach. The data of this research is obtained from secondary data, i.e., literary legal materials. Results show that the price manipulation in bitcoins happened due to the ‘pump and dump’ activity. ‘Pump and dump’ is the most dangerous crime in the cryptocurrency market, as the crypto assets are bought in large amounts (‘pump’), thus causing the price to steeply increase. Then, it is sold in large amounts (‘dump’) so the price falls drastically and it returns to the point before the pump. This is categorized as a cybercrime. All the parties that experience loss from this crime have the right to obtain legal protection and to undergo legal efforts. Then, the legal effort includes the litigation method through the court or the non-litigation method by resolving disputes outside of the court.
Abstract The rapidly growing currents of globalization and technology are having a tremendous impact on the joints of human life. The one that's currently high and hyper preoccupied is Cryptocurrency (virtual money). Cryptocurrency is a nonformable, yet it is essentially a digital form of digital data or information in the digital form of electronic transactions. Cryptocurrency currently is often used as a cover for criminal offence. Basically, the use of Cryptocurrency has two sides: profit and surplus. Therefore, the study aims to analyze whether Cryptocurrency is a criminal money laundering crime and how legality of the Indonesian use of Cryptocurrency is based on regulations. The research of journal used normative legal methods, constitutional approaches and conceptual approaches. The result of the study as a virtual currency has been debated because it has two sides of a double-edged knife. Cryptocurrency directly benefits the transaction process to those who make the transaction and are safer for the users. However, it can help to facilitate and provide virtual (digital) crime and help crime members more safely washing off their crime results. The legality of the use of Cryptocurrency in Indonesia, when using it as a payment, would not be a valid one because it would not fit the regulations of the law, but instead, cryptocurrency could be traded through a physical trader of crypto assets in the stock exchange. Key word: cryptocurrency; criminal offence; virtual money Abstrak Arus globalisasi dan teknologi berkembang dengan pesat yang memberikan dampak yang luar biasa terhadap sendi kehidupan manusia. Salah satunya yang saat ini ramai dan banyak di perbincangkan adalah cryptocurrency (uang virtual). Cryptocurrency merupakan benda niaga yang tidak berbentuk, namun pada dasarnya berbentuk digital berupa data atau informasi dalam bentuk digital dalam transaksi elektronik. Cryptocurrency pada saat ini sering dijadikan sebagai penyamaran dari sebuah tindak pidana. Pada dasarnya Penggunaan cryptocurrency memiliki dua sisi yaitu keuntungan dan kelebihan. Sehingga Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisa apakah cryptocerrency termasuk Tindak Pidana Kejahatan Pencucian Uang dan bagaimana legalitas penggunaan cryptocerrency di Indonesia yang didasarkan Peraturan perundang-undangan. Pada penelitian jurnal ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif, dan menggunakan pendekatan undang-undang serta pendekatan konseptual. Hasil penelitiannya adalah mata uang virtual (cryptocurrency) telah menjadi perdebatan karena memiliki dua sisi pisau yang bermata dua dan sama-sama tajamnya. Secara langsung cryptocurrency memberikan banyak manfaat bagi proses transaksi bagi para pihak yang melakukan transaksi dan lebih aman bagi penggunanya. Namun, disisi yang lainnya dapat membantu untuk memfasilitasi dan menyediakan kejahatan dunia maya (dunia digital) serta membantu anggota pelaku kejahatan lebih aman dalam mencuci hasil kejahatannya. Legalitas penggunaan cryptocurrency di Indonesia, apabila menggunakan sebagai alat pembayaran maka bukanlah alat yang sah karena tidak sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan perundang-undangan, Namun, sebaliknya cryptocurrency atau asset crypto dapat diperdagangkan melalui pedagang fisik yang berupa aset kripto di bursa berjangka dan dapat dimiliki. Kata kunci: cryptocurrency; tindak pidana; uang virtual
<em>Blockchain has functioned as a ledger that decentralizes controls with immutable and irreversible character and have the potential to overcome the deficiency of traditional contracts, especially in today’s digital era such as the e-commerce industry. Unfortunately, although famous to be used for blockchain and smart contracts have not been applied widely in Indonesia and there is no regulation that specifically regulates the use of blockchain technology and smart contracts. This article will analyze the application of smart contracts to escalate consumer rights in e-commerce services. This research showed that the self-executory characteristic of smart contracts helps the consumer to have an equal bargaining position with businesses actors in determining the contents of the contract. In response to those curative efforts, the smart contract will be advantageous as a preventive scheme for PIL cases. The self-executory character of the smart contract will prevent many PIL cases which are potentially occurred. The immutable nature of blockchain records will also be helpful for any dispute settlement scheme. This might be led to the tendency that international e-commerce cases should not be litigated or to be set for an arbitration tribunal. Those international e-commerce cases might not require settlement of judicative branch and may be settled at the administrative level. Consequently, this would create a more effective and efficient settlement, both in time and money. Those advantages have made blockchain-based smart contracts will be prospective in Indonesia, in the upcoming future</em>
The use of virtual money in society became phenomenal when cryptocurrency emerged as a form of technological development in electronic transactions. Bitcoin as a form of cryptocurrency is now in great demand because it is often considered as a potential new investment instrument in maximizing profits. As a result of these developments, bitcoin abuse is a means of money laundering, such as in the corruption case of PT Asabri (Persero) where the perpetrators launder money by means of bitcoin. Given that the legal arrangements regarding Bitcoin in Indonesia are still very limited and have not yet set up prevention efforts, it is necessary to take efforts to prevent money laundering crimes by means of bitcoin. The purpose of this paper is to see how Bitcoin is set up in Indonesia and discover how to prevent money laundering crimes by means of bitcoin. The method of writing juridical normative with conceptual approach. From this research it was found that the regulation on bitcoin in Indonesia has existed so that the legality of bitcoin in Indonesia has been legal, but the use of bitcoin in Indonesia is only limited to trading commodities in futures exchanges in accordance with Regulation of the Minister of Trade No. 99 of 2018 concerning the Implementation of Crypto Asset Trading. Then efforts to prevent criminal laundering by means of crypto money or bitcoin can be done by crypto asset merchant institutions that register their institutions into futures exchanges must use the principle of banking prudence, namely the application of the principle of knowing nasbah, customer due diligence and enhanced due diligence which is then carried out monitoring of service users. The application of the principle is as a commitment in the anti-money laundering program that can be applied in crypto asset trading institusion.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui keabsahan hukum teknologi cryptocurrency Litecoin dalam investasi dan transaksi bisnis dari perspektif hukum Islam. Teori yang digunakan adalah teori taksonomi bisnis haram lidzatihi dan haram lighairihi dari sejumlah ulama yang direkonstruksi oleh Adiwarman Abdul Karim. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif yaitu penelitian kepustakaan yang bersumber dari Al-Quran dan Hadist serta melalui qiyas dari hukum-hukum fiqh yang telah qat'i. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknologi Litecoin memang dapat diakui sebagai teknologi revolusioner yang sangat baik. Namun penggunaannya sebagai instrumen investasi mengandung unsur maysir (taruhan) dan sebagai instrumen transaksi bisnis mengandung unsur gharar, dan tidak memiliki manfaat syariah, sehingga status hukumnya haram.
Countries in the world still do not have the same nature in compiling rules related to cryptocurrency, therfore it is very important to study the legality of using cryptocurrency as a means of payment in Indonesia. This paper aims to analyze the legal protection for the society related to the use of cryptocurrency as a payment. In particular cryptocurrency has two usability functions, namely as a medium of exchange and as a commodity. As a medium of exchange, cryptocurrency has currency characteristics because it can be accepted as a means of payment within a certain scope and its value is maintained because the number of issuance is limited. But the cryptocurrency is not a legitimate and official currency because it does not have the authority to issue and regulate, manage circulation and distribution, maintain its exchange value and all these functions are carried out by the computing system so that accountability is still doubtful.
Smart contract merupakan suatu teknologi tergolong baru dalam umat manusia. Penggunaannya diharapkan lebih efesien dan murah biaya. Hal ini dikarenakan tidak adanya pihak ketiga, seperti pemerintah, pengadilan, dan broker yang dapat mengintrupsi smart contract. Dikarenakan adanya sifat kemandirian tersebut, pelaku tindak pidana dapat dengan mudah menggunakan smart contract sebagai wadah dalam melakukan hubungan kontraktual tanpa adanya yang mengawasi. Penulisan hukum ini dibuat atas dasar tujuan untuk mengetahui terkait keabsahan dalam pelaksanaan smart contract apabila ditinjau dari ketentuan dalam KUHPerdata dan UU ITE, serta menganalisis terkait tindakan hukum yang dapat dilakukan apabila terdapat perbuatan melawan hukum dalam isi smart contract ditinjau dari ketentuan dalam hukum positif di Indonesia.
Eureka Inola Kadly, Sinta Dewi Rosadi, Elisatris Gultom
Information technology changes people's habits in simple transactions to electronic systems (e-commerce). Along with technological developments, various new electronic contract innovations have emerged, one of which is the Blockchain-Smart Contract which relies on a decentralized ledger system in digital form that moves automatically (self-executing) using cryptocurrency on the blockchain. With its application in electronic transactions carried out without human intervention and based on computer code, it raises various questions regarding its validity as an electronic contract that is binding and enforceable both in the Law on Information and Electronic Transactions (UU ITE) in Indonesia, as well as internationally in UNCITRAL's Legal Model on e-Commerce with the implementation of technology neutrality principles.
Bitcoin adalah sistem pembayaran online dari uang elektronik peer-to-peer (P2P) yang dikirim langsung dari satu pihak ke pihak lain tanpa melalui lembaga keuangan. Keberadaan bitcoin sebagai mata uang virtual dianggap legal, atau diperbolehkan dengan syarat, yaitu jika diakui oleh negara. Pasalnya, hak dan kewajiban mengurus iqtishadiyah termasuk penerbitan mata uang baru menjadi kewenangan negara. Dalam hal ini bitcoin tidak dikeluarkan oleh negara dan tidak diakui oleh Bank Indonesia, sehingga bitcoin merupakan mata uang yang dianggap tidak legal di Indonesia. Konsep bitcoin menurut ulama klasik dan ulama kontemporer meliputi: a. Bitcoin dalam hal fungsi; pada dasarnya sama dan tidak ada perbedaan. b. sisi legalitas; Bitcoin adalah mata uang ilegal di Indonesia. c. sisi kelemahan; bitcoin dapat digunakan sebagai alat pencucian uang. bitcoin adalah mata uang digital yang dapat digunakan oleh negara maju. Dia sangat berpengaruh dalam lalu lintas ekonomi modern. Hukum penggunaan bitcoin sebagai mata uang atau transaksi bisnis adalah haram li ghairihi, karena pelarangannya disebabkan oleh hal lain, bukan substansi bitcoin itu sendiri. Dan juga karena sifatnya yang tidak pasti yang memungkinkannya menimbulkan kerugian dan merugikan banyak orang Kata kunci : bitcoin, haram li ghairihi,legalitasmoney laundryingdan ekonomicNegara