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781 results · page 1 of 33
Zakariae Ismaili, Ali Younes, Abdel Ali Harchaoui, Monir EL Mounaoui
No abstract is available for this record.
Ching-Chuan Luo, Cheng-En You, Ming‐Feng Yeh
Sustainable EV charging infrastructure is fragmented by proprietary applications, vendor lock-in, and weakly time-differentiated pricing, blunting its contribution to urban-mobility decarbonisation. This paper asks whether an open-protocol, super-app-mediated photovoltaic–storage charging architecture can jointly resolve these three fragmentations under deployed field conditions and what its sustainability profile then looks like. We report a campus photovoltaic–storage microgrid integrating heterogeneous EV chargers under an open, vendor-neutral charging-control protocol with super-app authentication and payment replacing dedicated charging applications and a time-differentiated tariff aligned at the meter-interval level with the underlying utility wholesale rate; the deployment is exercised through a researcher-scheduled commissioning campaign of 13 sessions designed to establish functional correctness across the operating envelope rather than to measure user behaviour. Three results emerge across cross-vendor compatibility, onboarding friction, and grid alignment. First, basic message-level OCPP compatibility is sustained across two charger vendors under a single cloud management system—in sequential single-vendor sessions—including the full charging profile up to near-rated DC peak power. Second, the super-app-mediated workflow, which requires no charging-specific application installation and no new charger-operator account, structurally eliminates the dedicated application installation and the email/SMS/credit-card verification round-trips of conventional onboarding, compressing measured first-use end-to-end interaction to 31 s; relative to reconstructed commercial-operator baselines, this is, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, an order-of-magnitude reduction rather than a controlled benchmark. Third, mid-day energy delivery aligns incidentally with the utility off-peak window, not user-driven demand shifting, while PV-displacement and BESS-discharge contributions to charging are bracketed by scenario rather than being separately metered. The paper’s contribution is therefore a replicable, policy-embedded sustainable charging architecture validated at field scale within the New Taipei Net-Zero Carbon Demonstration Site Programme, with no claim of global novelty; the same architecture is structurally positioned to convert the observed incidental grid-friendliness into a deliberate, user-facing benefit via a hardware-free mid-day-discount redesign.
Ushaa Eswaran, Vivek Eswaran, Keerthna Murali, Vishal Eswaran
This chapter examines the emerging role of decentralized finance (DeFi) as a transformative catalyst in the digitalization of electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure within the energy and utilities sector. While global sustainability agendas envision seamless, affordable, and interoperable charging networks to support large-scale EV adoption, existing systems remain fragmented, capital-intensive, and institutionally constrained. Ideally, charging ecosystems should enable transparent financing, efficient energy exchange, and user-centric governance. In practice, however, high deployment costs, limited grid flexibility, regulatory inconsistencies, and restricted access to investment continue to impede this vision. Building on prior research on smart grids, blockchain-enabled energy markets, and sustainable mobility frameworks, this work critically evaluates how 2 DeFi-driven models extend beyond conventional centralized approaches. Existing studies emphasize technical optimization and policy mechanisms, yet they often overlook decentralized financial governance, peer-to-peer energy trading, and tokenized infrastructure funding. Addressing this gap, the study develops an integrated conceptual model linking DeFi principles, smart grid technologies, and EV charging ecosystems. Through analytical synthesis and selected case evidence, the paper demonstrates how trustless transactions, decentralized autonomous organizations, and micropayment mechanisms can enhance financial inclusivity, operational transparency, and system scalability. By situating EV charging infrastructure within a broader digital-financial transformation paradigm, this study advances theoretical understanding and offers strategic insights for policymakers, utilities, and technology providers seeking to accelerate sustainable and resilient mobility transitions.
Ms. Purva Varatha, Ms. Swaleha Shaikh, Ms. Shruti Kini, Prof. Sonali Karthik
The increasing reliance on centralized ride-sharing structures, and exposes users to risks such as system failures and privacy breaches. manipulation, single points of failure, and privacy violations. In addition, high commission fees imposed by such platforms reduce the net earnings of drivers and compromise fairness within the ecosystem. To address these inefficiencies, this project introduces a decentralized vehicle borrowing system and carpooling, based on Ethereum Compatible blockchain and smart contracts. The proposed platform eliminates intermediaries by allowing KYC-verified drivers, passengers, and vehicle owners to interact directly, thereby building trust and operational transparency. All ride postings, bookings, car borrowing transactions, and agreement verifications are recorded immutably through smart contracts. Identity proofs, vehicle documents are cryptographically signed through MetaMask and uploaded via a decentralized file system (IPFS), ensuring authenticity and wallet-to-user binding. For drivers who borrow cars, temporary verification is enabled after signing a smart-contract-based agreement linked to the vehicle's verified owner. To maintain decentralization without depending on an administrator, the system introduces a Global Dispute Center where only users who fulfill certain predefined conditions—having verified their identity—can participate in resolving concerns through a voting process. This decentralized decision-making process enhances fairness and trust. Additionally, a structured post-ride rating system builds mutual accountability and trust among participants, while integrated CO₂ tracking encourages environmentally conscious behavior. Together, these features help minimize traffic load, support conscious travel habits, and build a reliable, user-governed mobility system that is secure, transparent, and environmentally supportive—functioning entirely without any centralized authority or administrative oversight, thereby ensuring long-term sustainability. To address these limitations, this project proposes a blockchain-powered peer-to-peer carpooling and vehicle borrowing system that enables direct interaction between passengers, drivers, and vehicle owners without intermediaries. The platform utilizes smart contracts to automate agreements, MetaMask for secure authentication, and IPFS for decentralized storage of essential records. By shifting operational control to users, the system enhances transparency, fairness, and reliability in transactions. Conventional mobility services also face issues such as opaque processes, inefficient dispute handling, and limited mechanisms for conflict resolution. Drivers often lose a substantial portion of their income to service fees, while users lack trust in centralized decision-making systems. Furthermore, minimal emphasis is placed on promoting environmentally responsible travel practices. Motivated by the need for an open and community-driven mobility platform, this research aims to establish a distributed ecosystem that eliminates third-party dominance and ensures tamper-proof record keeping. The system incorporates KYC-based digital identity verification, smart contract-enforced agreements, decentralized dispute resolution through voting, and CO₂ emission tracking to encourage sustainable transportation. The scope of the project includes enabling secure ride booking, vehicle borrowing under verified ownership, and democratic dispute resolution among verified users. By leveraging distributed networks and digital wallets, the platform presents a scalable and sustainable alternative to centralized ride-sharing models.
N. V. Ravindhar, A. Manju, S. Murugesan, T. K. S. Rathish Babu
Electric Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) arrangements stand at the center of bidirectional energy exchange in modern smart grids and are, however, challenged by real-time decision-making, load balancing, and the security of transaction validation. This paper has proposed an energy-efficient optimization framework based on a Bio-Inspired Deep Learning Controller using a Monarch Butterfly Optimization (MBO) algorithm with Gated Recurrent Unit (GRU) network for optimizing charging and discharging schedules across EV fleets. GRU networks forecast short-term grid demand and EV battery availability while MBO tunes the controller weights dynamically to adapt to scheduling under varying conditions. Furthermore, in order to maintain the trust over the transaction in a tamper-resistant fashion, a blockchain layer is embedded with the use of smart contracts to keep a track of authentication, pricing, and energy transfer log records for V2G. The proposed system shows charging cost reduction of 19.6%, peak load shaving efficiency of 23.2%, and forecast accuracy of 96.4%, in all mobility scenarios evaluated. The architecture also contributes to improving grid regulation response time by 28% and reducing EV queuing delay by 31%. Simulated by using MATLAB/Simulink, TensorFlow, and Ethereum-based blockchain, the architecture renders a scalable and secure framework for V2G coordination. It is noted that the findings are based on simulation, and co-simulation experiments, and the actual conditions of deployment like latency in communications, non-idealities of the hardware and regulatory factors are not factored into the analysis. Furthermore, the model facilitates real-time adaptation, strengthens grid resilience, and guides EV operation according to concurrent market conditions for energy.
Shahbaz Siddiqui, Adnan Ayub, Ghufran Ahmed, Abdul Aziz · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
J. Wessly, R. Durga
Carpooling System (CS) is traveling in a carpool where many people travel in one car. It provides users with a number of vehicles spread across the city. Sensitive information, such as the Ride Sharing (RS) user’s identity, zone, access code, etc., is transmitted through public CS. Due to data breaches, it is necessary to maintain data confidentiality and adequately secure ridesharing users’ data. Criminals use this information to steal information from the CS. Therefore, since attackers can access RS users’ details for illegitimate purposes, developing secure authentication protocols is critical. Traditional car-sharing systems also follow a centralized structure for data sharing. Yet, car-sharing systems also have security challenges. To address this problem, this paper suggests using the Blockchain-based Decentralized Secret Ride Communication System (BDSRCS) for secure data transmission in CS. First, the Proxy Attribute-based Encryption (PAE) approach is utilized to encrypt the RS user’s details in an unreadable format. Subsequently, the BDSRCS approach is used for secure chain link-based communication in the network. This method prevents unauthorized access to data and decentralized data sharing in the network. Thereafter, the Delegated Proof of Stake Key Validation (DPSKV) technique is used to check the primary keys for peer-end verification to hand over the encrypted data. Numerical outcomes establish that the proposed BDSRCS-PAE model enhances the detection rate of suspicious manners and increases the security performance compared with other approaches.
Milan Groshev, Eduardo Castelló Ferrer
Robots are improving their autonomy with minimal human supervision. However, auditable actions, transparent decision processes, and new human-robot interaction models are still missing requirements to achieve extended robot autonomy. To tackle these challenges, we propose RODEO (RObotic DEcentralized Organization), a blockchain-based framework that integrates trust and accountability mechanisms for robots. This paper formalizes Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) for service robots. First, it provides a ROS-ETH bridge between the DAO and the robots. Second, it offers templates that enable organizations (e.g., companies, universities) to integrate service robots into their operations. Third, it provides proof-verification mechanisms that allow robot actions to be auditable. In our experimental setup, a mobile robot was deployed as a trash collector in a lab scenario. The robot collects trash and uses a smart bin to sort and dispose of it correctly. Then, the robot submits a proof of the successful operation and is compensated in DAO tokens. Finally, the robot re-invests the acquired funds to purchase battery charging services. Data collected in a three day experiment show that the robot doubled its income and reinvested funds to extend its operating time. The proof validation times of approximately one minute ensured verifiable task execution, while the accumulated robot income successfully funded up to 88 hours of future autonomous operation. The results of this research give insights about how robots and organizations can coordinate tasks and payments with auditable execution proofs and on-chain settlement.
Rong Zhao, Jiaxiang Sun, Haoran Yin, Lehao Lin · 6 authors
The quest for carbon neutrality in the 21st century has led to the rise of decentralized low-carbon energy systems as a promising solution. Blockchain technology has played a pivotal role in catalyzing this transition, with various Web3 projects exploring decentralized operational models and carbon credit markets. However, there is a notable gap in harnessing blockchain’s potential to integrate electric vehicles (EVs) into low-carbon energy systems effectively. This article addresses this gap by proposing a decentralized low-carbon EV charging system that enables transactions between individual low-carbon energy producers and EV owners. Leveraging blockchain and smart contracts, the proposed system issues low-carbon tokens to certify and incentivize environmentally conscious charging behaviors, while enabling token circulation to further promote low-carbon participation. A blockchain-based double auction mechanism is designed to ensure fair and efficient energy allocation, achieving individual rationality, incentive compatibility, and social welfare maximization. By incentivizing user engagement and ensuring fair transactions, this model paves the way for sustainable EV integration within low-carbon energy systems.
Tunahan TİMUÇİN, Serdar Biroğul
The blockchain technology has attracted more and more interest recently as a reliable and secure platform for a variety of applications. This study presents a comprehensive comparative analysis of monolithic and modular architectural patterns in smart contracts, which have become a revolutionary technology thanks to the integration of blockchain technology. A real-world vehicle purchase and sale system was used as a case study. Two contract structures were used that perform the same function: a modular architecture with five interacting contracts, and a monolithic architecture that combines all these functions in a single contract. An empirical analysis conducted for 100 vehicle sales revealed that while the modular architecture offers advantages such as independent upgradeability, testability, and maintainability, the monolithic approach outperforms it in many metrics, including a 36.7% reduction in transaction costs and a 75% faster deployment time. The findings provide evidence-based architectural guidance for blockchain and smart contract developers in selecting appropriate design patterns, particularly in real-world applications where gas costs are critical. Cite this article as: T. Timu.in and S. Biroğul, "A comparative analysis of monolithic and modular smart contract architectures: A case study of vehicle trading systems," Electrica, 2026, 26, 0333, doi:10.5152/electrica.2026.25333.
Al Mothana Al Shareef, Serap Ulusam Seçkiner
The accelerating adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is intensifying pressure on urban power grids, particularly during evening peak hours. Existing smart-charging frameworks remain constrained by centralized control, static pricing, and limited integration of predictive intelligence. This study presents SMARGE, a hybrid AI–Blockchain smart charging platform that combines load forecasting, dynamic pricing, and cryptocurrency-based incentives to enhance decentralized EV energy management in Gaziantep Province. An ensemble of forecasting models (SARIMA, LightGBM, N-BEATS, and TFT) predicts 2026 hourly electricity demand, while an adaptive inverse-sigmoid pricing mechanism generates real-time incentives and disincentives for EV charging behavior. A fuzzy logic-based behavioral model simulates both unmanaged and managed charging across three scenarios. Results show that managed charging reduces peak load by 22.43%, shifts 67.45% of energy demand to off-peak periods, and achieves 94.86% charging fulfillment under constrained grid conditions. The blockchain layer—implemented through a custom ERC-20 token (SMARGE) on the Ethereum Sepolia testnet—enables secure, transparent, and low-cost microtransactions with an average confirmation time of 0.63 s. These findings demonstrate that tightly coupling AI forecasting with tokenized blockchain incentives can improve grid stability, lower operational costs, and enhance user autonomy in a scalable and decentralized manner. While promising, the study is limited by assumptions of synthetic user behavior and ideal communication conditions; future work will validate the platform in real-world pilot deployments and across different urban regions.
Dhivya Govindasamy, Rajarajeswari R
<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">As electric vehicles adoption becomes more common, power grid operators are facing new challenges in managing the unpredictable and varying energy demands in the existing electrical infrastructure. Moreover, the cost of Electric vehicle is high when compared to fuel vehicle it has limited access to charging infrastructure along with the driving range that act as a key barrier preventing the drivers from making shift to EVs. When the EV usage integrates with blockchain, it mitigates the limitation in charging station infrastructure along with the former problem discussed. The lack of trust exists between EV owners and charging station providers can be solved through secure and transparent payment processing possible by blockchain based smart contract. Building charging station on blockchain will ease the automated payment through the use of smart contract and create more efficient EV charging network. Also, the blockchain-based charging system would enable EV owners know if they are being charged in excess and Prosumer know if they are being underpaid. The high initial cost is another prominent issue within the market place. To address this issue the introduction of sharing economy to the EV industry showcases another innovative solution that blockchain offers. The blockchain enabled sharing economy platform allows individuals to access collaboratively with the prosumer and the consumer. This provides alternative to traditional ownership while reduces individual financial barriers and maximizing electric vehicle utilization across the network. The EV users have great opportunity worldwide to take a stake in the future of EV adoption on blockchain. Therefore, this work demonstrates the sharing economy while designing, building, and customizing smart contracts for prosumers and consumers by enabling decentralized payment systems. Our research aims to develop decentralized charging electronic payment systems using blockchain and customized smart contracts to build and design the application. For blockchain Solidity programming language is used. The application displays the charging process, payment system, and charging history information.</div></div>
Pooja Raut, Mayuresh Shinde, Simran Tiwari, A. L. Pereira · 5 authors
Most traditional carpooling schemes rely on centralized agents, with potential issues regarding trust, transparency, and additional commission fees. This paper introduces "Smart Contracts for Carpooling: A Blockchain-Based Approach", a decentralized application (dApp) that tackles these limitations. Building on the Ethereum blockchain and using smart contracts implemented in Solidity, our system offers secure, peer-to-peer transactions between drivers and passengers without relying on third-party authority. The platform enables users to sign up, post or request rides, match desired rides, and make payments—under laws by peer-to-peer transparent and tamperevident smart contracts. HTML, CSS, and JavaScript are used for frontend code, while Web3.js serves to integrate dApp with the Ethereum network via MetaMask. Development and testing were performed utilizing Ganache to mimic a local blockchain environment. This implementation demonstrates a functional, trustless carpooling system within a controlled setting, emphasizing block-chain’s potential to improve security, reduce operational costs, and eliminate reliance on intermediaries in the ride-sharing ecosystem. Although not yet deployed on a public network, the prototype showcases the feasibility and advantages of applying decentralized technologies to create efficient, user-centric transportation solutions.
Efthymios Chondrogiannis, Georgios Palaiokrassas, Antonis Litke, Theodora Varvarigou
The presence of shared micro-vehicles, such as bicycles and e-scooters, has become increasingly common in modern urban environments, enhancing citizens’ access to public transportation by providing an efficient solution to the last-mile problem. In recent years, shared mobility has expanded to include larger vehicles, such as cars and sea vessels, facilitating transportation over longer distances and offering an alternative to private and public modes of transport. However, the seamless integration of these different transportation modes remains a significant challenge, as each type of vehicle has its own advantages and limitations. Furthermore, these transport services are often operated by different organizations that use distinct platforms and ticketing systems, further complicating coordination among them. In this work, we present the proposed approach and the developed system designed to facilitate the adoption and integration of different types of vehicles using AI and blockchain technologies. The system enables users to identify and utilize the most appropriate means of transport through a unified, blockchain-based mechanism. Preliminary evaluation results, based on simulated data, indicate that the system can significantly benefit citizens in a smart city environment and, when combined with appropriate investments in urban infrastructure, can substantially improve daily mobility.
Sathwik Narkedimilli, Tejas Sathish, Mounira Msahli, Abdul Wahid
Blockchain technology has emerged as a promising enabler for the Internet of Vehicles (IoV). It offers decentralized coordination, immutable data sharing, programmable smart contract logic, and adaptive consensus mechanisms to meet stringent vehicular requirements. This comprehensive review reviews the state-of-the-art blockchain-IoV systems from 2019 to 2025, systematically classifying them into five dimensions: architectural models & smart contracts, consensus & scalability, security & privacy, federated learning & decentralized AI, and data dissemination with digital twin integration. We analyze lightweight consensus variants (e.g., PBFT extensions, DAG and sharding designs) that achieve millisecond-scale latencies and thousand-transactions-per-second throughput, as well as cryptographic frameworks (ring/group signatures, zero-knowledge proofs, TEEs) that preserve anonymity and secure key material. We highlight anchored-on-chain federated learning workflows to incentivize collaborative model training under non-IID data, 5 G/6G-enabled digital twins for provenance-aware simulation, and massive heterogeneity in edge-cloud architectures. Our comparative evaluation underscores advantages including resilience to Byzantine faults, privacy-preserving data exchange, energy-efficient consensus, and scalable deployments. Finally, we identify open challenges, including dynamic consensus tuning, cross-domain interoperability, real-world testbeds, and postquantum resilience, and outline a research roadmap toward robust, production-grade blockchain-enabled IoV ecosystems.
Ish Kumar, Vinay Maitri
This chapter examines how blockchain can act as a trust and provenance layer within freight-oriented Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS). It outlines the core features of distributed ledgers and smart contracts, and shows how they enable secure data exchange, end-to-end traceability, automated payments, and verifiable digital identity for vehicles, containers, and shipments. The chapter maps integration with Internet of Things (IoT), big data analytics, and policy tools so that verified events from the field inform planning, operations, and compliance. Two case studies, involving TradeLens activity at Indian ports and a pharmaceutical cold chain pilot in Germany, illustrate gains in clearance times, auditability, and service reliability, alongside limits created by governance and interoperability. Adoption challenges are assessed across scale, regulation, and organizational readiness. Future pathways couple blockchain with artificial intelligence (AI), automated compliance, and decentralized freight marketplaces. Overall, the chapter positions blockchain as enabling infrastructure for transparent, resilient, and sustainable freight systems.
Kenneth Baayeh, Prashanth Beleya, Shakeb Akhtar, Diana Airawaty
Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication is at the center of autonomous mobility, as it enables vehicles to exchange real-time information with infrastructure, other vehicles on the road, including pedestrians, and the network. V2X has the potential to improve navigation, traffic flow, and safety but also brings with it the associated governance risks of data integrity, privacy, and cybersecurity. These risks are amplified by the interconnected nature of V2X networks, which handle sensitive data like vehicle locations and driver identities, necessitating robust security solutions. This systematic review considers blockchain as a remedy, with its decentralized architecture, cryptographic security protocols, and automation through smart contracts. A review of peer-reviewed literature from 2018 to 2025 highlights blockchain's role in tamper-proof communication, privacy preservation through Zero-Knowledge Proofs and Ring Signatures, and secure transaction automation. For instance, blockchain ensures data immutability by distributing trust across nodes, reducing vulnerabilities like data spoofing, while smart contracts streamline processes like toll payments. Challenges such as scalability, latency, and regulation are addressed with proposals such as 5G, edge computing, and governance frameworks. Hybrid blockchain systems, either public or private are examined in this study to obtain a trade-off between scalability and security in V2X networks. In addition, interoperability is proposed to facilitate the seamless exchange of data between V2X systems. Emerging consensus mechanisms like proof of stake and directed acyclic graphs are proposed to enhance scalability, while federated learning integrations bolster privacy. Pilot projects, such as those in Dubai and Singapore, demonstrate blockchain’s practical efficacy in securing V2X ecosystems. The review positions blockchain as a leading enabler of secure, efficient, and privacy-aware intelligent transport systems. Future research should focus on standardizing governance and addressing latency to ensure global adoption.
Ram Krishna Upadhyay, Sunil Kumar Sharma, Manoj Gupta
No abstract is available for this record.
Soraya González-Mendes, João Tiago Aparício, Carlos J. Costa
No abstract is available for this record.
U. B. Nagesh, Manjunath Kotari
The application of Distributed Ledger Technology in Intelligent Transportation Systems ensures a secure and decentralized mechanism for data sharing among vehicles and infrastructure. However, DAG based protocols such as the IOTA Tangle when applied to autonomous vehicular systems face significant challenges in ledger consistency, transaction confirmation, and convergence due to the highly dynamic and intermittently connected nature of vehicular networks. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a Connectivity Aware Intelligent Distributed Ledger Construction Model tailored for autonomous vehicular environments. The proposed framework integrates a connectivity aware tip selection mechanism with a reinforcement learning strategy based on sliding window bias thompson sampling to dynamically select optimal ledger construction actions under non-stationary network conditions. Vehicular connectivity is modeled using an alternating renewal process, and transaction arrivals by a nonstationary Poisson process. Extensive simulation results demonstrate that CA-IDLCM outperforms URTS, MCMC, and Biased-TS approaches by achieving confirmation rate of 95.8%, and maintaining the orphan fraction well below 2%, with tip counts stabilizing near 1.0. highlighting its robustness, adaptability, and suitability for next generation Intelligent Transportation Systems.
Esmot Ara Tuli, Mohtasin Golam, Dong-Seong Kim
No abstract is available for this record.
Caleb Price, Albert Schmidt
The adoption of emerging transport technologies-such as autonomous vehicles, electric charging infrastructure, and hyperloop systems-increasingly depends not only on regulatory approvals and corporate investment but also on the collective sense-making and knowledge validation that occurs within informal digital spaces. Online communities, including forums, social media groups, and specialized platforms, have become influential arenas where early adopters, enthusiasts, developers, and policymakers co-construct technical knowledge, debate safety standards, and shape public perceptions. However, the governance of these virtual spaces remains critically under-examined. While organizations traditionally rely on formal, top-down mechanisms for technology dissemination and risk management, online communities operate through decentralized, peer-driven dynamics that can accelerate or hinder adoption trajectories. This research investigates the governance structures-both emergent and designed-that enable or constrain knowledge exploitation within transport-focused online communities. Specifically, it examines how community mediators, platform design features, and participant norms influence the credibility, accessibility, and translation of technical knowledge into actionable insights for adoption decisions. Employing a qualitative case study approach, this study analyzes two contrasting transport technology communities: an enthusiast-driven forum for electric vehicle charging standards and a professionally oriented group discussing autonomous freight logistics. Findings are expected to contribute a governance framework that transportation organizations can leverage to engage constructively with online communities, transforming them from peripheral chatter into strategic assets for technology adoption. The research further offers practical recommendations for community managers and transport policymakers on fostering productive knowledge ecosystems that balance openness with accountability.
Ayush Dharaiya, Rimmi Sharma, Mahek Jain, Lakshit Pathak · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Craig S Wright
This paper applies public choice theory to the governance of proof-of-work (PoW) blockchain systems, treating consensus mechanism design as constitutional political economy. The argument proceeds in two stages. The first establishes a feasibility constraint: under four conditions characterising permissionless systems-anonymity, permissionlessness, Sybil resistance, and oracle independence-identity-based governance is structurally infeasible, and any viable mechanism must weight participation by a costly, rivalrous signal (Propositions 1 and 2). The second establishes the normative content of that constraint. Through five constitutional axioms derived from Buchanan and Tullock (1962) and Brennan and Buchanan (1985), we prove that dynamic legitimacy-governance authority proportional to current productive commitment-is the uniquely required standard (Proposition 3). In a scaled PoW system, governance authority is structurally inseparable from productive participation: a miner cannot govern the network without running it. Proof of stake violates the temporal non-persistence axiom at the protocol level, creating the rent-seeking structure Krueger (1974) identifies, which regulatory capture dynamics documented by Stigler (1971), Peltzman (2022), and Fitzgerald (2024) then entrench endogenously. The paper derives five testable predictions and situates PoW governance within the constitutional economics and rent-seeking traditions of public choice theory.