Blockchain Papers

Mingjie Wang, Jing Zhao

No abstract is available for this record.

Junhan Wang

Traditional technical solutions face inherent limitations in ensuring data ownership transparency, tamper-proofing, and traceability in data factor markets, particularly regarding core challenges like unclear ownership rights, high transaction costs, and trust deficits. This paper proposes and designs a blockchain-based data trust registration system. The system is theoretically grounded in the “three rights separation” framework of “rights bundles” and architecturally divided into six layers: data resource layer, storage layer, core layer, service layer, consensus and security layer, and application layer. It enables systematic processing and hierarchical interaction of complex data through progressive data trust certification, ownership transfer and traceability, and integrity verification. This establishes a collaborative, efficient, and trustworthy data registration infrastructure. By integrating on-chain and off-chain storage coordination, the system achieves efficient certification and secure balance of data rights. Additionally, the paper explores extended technologies like cross-chain interoperability and zero-knowledge proofs to address future needs for multi-chain coexistence and sensitive data registration. Ultimately, this solution aims to provide core technological support for building a trustworthy, efficient, and open data factor circulation environment, thereby reducing transaction trust costs and unlocking the latent economic value of data.

Jian Wang, Wenjing Gao, Weiwei Ma, Hao Xu · 6 authors

As the application of Embodied Intelligence deepens within the Industrial Internet of Things (IoT) domain, traditional centralized trust schemes are increasingly unable to meet the demand for establishing efficient trust among heterogeneous devices, due to risks like single points of failure, auditing difficulties, and privacy leakage. To address these issues, this paper proposes a trust and privacy-preserving framework based on blockchain and Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP). The framework establishes a decentralized trust foundation using Hyperledger Fabric. On this foundation, a Decentralized Identity (DID) system is implemented through smart contracts, assigning a unique and verifiable identity anchor to each Embodied Intelligence device. Furthermore, to reconcile auditability and data privacy, the framework integrates ZKP technology. This technology enables edge devices to locally generate and submit on-chain proofs of operational compliance, facilitating transparent auditing without disclosing sensitive data. Finally, to transform trustworthy behavior records into a quantifiable metric, the framework designs a dynamic reputation assessment mechanism. This mechanism uses smart contracts to automatically analyze the verified on-chain behavioral history, continuously updating the reputation score for each Embodied Intelligence device. A smart factory case study demonstrates the framework's practical application, while performance evaluation on a physical testbed confirms its efficiency and scalability for real-time industrial control.

Shui Yu

Based on the characteristics of blockchain such as decentralization, independence, security and anonymity, audit entities can explore the feasibility and application logic of its application in food security audits by leveraging technologies such as smart contracts, consensus mechanisms, asymmetric encryption and distributed ledgers. The article first analyzes the current situation and problems of food security auditing at both the practical and theoretical levels. Then, it constructs a logical framework for the application of blockchain technology in food security auditing by combining the advantages of blockchain technology, and specifically elaborates on the food security auditing process under blockchain technology. Finally, fully consider the problems faced by blockchain technology in its application and make prospects for its future development.

Rongjie Zhang, Jingyi Liu, Xinrui Li, Rongda Jin

This paper proposes a supply chain data security optimization system based on blockchain, which uses data deduplication and verification algorithms to solve the redundancy and consistency problems in multi-party data interaction. The system ensures real-time sharing of data in all links of the supply chain through the distributed ledger technology of blockchain, and improves the security and reliability of data transmission. To verify the performance of the system, this paper constructs an algorithm model and performs data analysis in a simulation environment. The results show that the system has significant effects in reducing data redundancy and improving data accuracy. In terms of economic benefits, simulation data show that by reducing data errors and information delays, the system can significantly reduce supply chain operating costs and improve resource utilization. The research results show that the designed blockchain optimization scheme not only enhances the data security of the supply chain, but also brings substantial economic benefits to enterprises. This study provides new technical ideas for supply chain management based on blockchain and has good application prospects.

Yankun Sun, Xiaolong Tang, Yile Jiang

In recent years, various digital currencies have emerged, among which Bitcoin has been widely accepted as an alternative to sovereign currencies for commodity trading. However, the dramatic volatility of bitcoin prices can pose a risk to global financial markets. In this paper, we firstly construct a more comprehensive forecasting index system from seven aspects, and then construct a VMD-GRU model. This model uses the variational modal decomposition (VMD) to decompose the time series into intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and use gated recurrent unit (GRU) to forecast different IMFs. This paper also compares the forecast results with classical machine learning models and deep learning models, and the results show that the forecast accuracy of the VMD-GRU model is more than 16% better than other models.

Dayong Pu, Tao Li, Zhaoqi Jin, Shihan Liu · 5 authors

With the development of the Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent transportation systems, networked toll systems have become an essential part of modern traffic management. However, traditional identity authentication mechanisms rely on centralized trust institutions, which are prone to issues such as vulnerability to data storage attacks, identity information leakage, and poor interoperability between systems. These problems not only compromise the security and stability of toll systems but also risk user privacy and economic losses. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a distributed identity authentication mechanism based on blockchain technology. This mechanism leverages the decentralized, tamper-resistant, and smart contract features of blockchain technology to achieve an identity authentication process without the involvement of centralized institutions by storing user identity information in a distributed manner on the blockchain. The system utilizes distributed ledger technology to record identity authentication information across multiple nodes, thereby eliminating the risk of single-point failures and ensuring data consistency and integrity through consensus algorithms. Additionally, an automated identity authentication process based on smart contracts is designed to enable efficient identity verification between different networked toll subsystems, ensuring the security of the authentication process and consistency of user experience. The blockchain-based distributed identity authentication mechanism not only enhances the overall security level of networked toll systems but also provides a new solution for identity authentication in intelligent transportation systems.

Jingzhi Liu, Zhidong Liu, Xiancheng Zhong, Shoulian Yang · 6 authors

In recent years, the rapid advancement of smart terminals and wireless networks has led to exponential growth in the number of powers of IoT devices and the volume of data. These data resources have become important assets for power enterprises, significantly enhancing the intelligent perception, internal control capabilities, and customer service efficiency of power grids. However, as a national critical infrastructure, electric power data is highly susceptible to cyberattacks, and if leaked, it can pose significant security risks and result in substantial economic losses. Therefore, power enterprises must strengthen data security protection and address security challenges in data exchange, sharing, and mining. This paper proposes a cloud-edge collaborative smart grid data security sharing scheme, which combines zero-knowledge proof technology and a secret sharing scheme to achieve fine-grained access control and privacy protection for user requests. For authenticated legitimate users, a homomorphic encryption algorithm is used to enable secure queries of specific data in the database. Finally, simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the distributed data access authentication and secure query scheme proposed in this paper.

José Miguel ALONSO-TRABANCO

No abstract is available for this record.

Zheng Feng, Chunyu Xing, Liang Chen

Blockchain with its decentralization, anti-tampering, traceability, anonymity and other technical characteristics, which provides mitigations to society issues such as data governance, information silo. However, the blockchain has inherent technical shortcomings such as its data openness and transparency and data permanent storage and other characteristics, which leads to security issues cannot be ignored, and may be subject to BGP hijacking attacks, distributed denial of service attacks, and node vulnerability attacks, which will bring greater risks to some private information, so an important alternative is to apply the covert channel. In this paper, we propose a secret embedding scheme based on Bitcoin transactions pattern controlling, where miner behaves secret embedding based on each single block transaction counts under block generating process. Our scheme adopts Gray code encoding to preprocess the covert information to be transmitted to improve the robustness of the scheme, uses transaction counts as a carrier and constructs a mapping table between transaction counts and secret information, which is embedded by intentionally modulating the transaction counts in the candidate blocks. Moreover, the distribution pattern of public traffics is simulated, so that the generated covert traffics are of undetectability. The implementation of our scheme is established under the real transaction scenarios, and our performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme is stealthy via KS test and KLD test, in addition, compared to the existing blockchain covert storage channel schemes based on transaction modification, our scheme’s overhead of transaction fee is zero.

Diana Stepanova, N. B. A. Yousif, Raya Karlibaeva, Alexey Mikhaylov

In this regard the key factor determining the success of the mining industry is the cost of electricity. By understanding the risks associated with crypto mining industry. The method is based on systemic literature review and bibliometric analysis exploring keyword “bitcoin mining”. This review paper studies 50 papers for the period of 2019–2023. The results propose recommendations for crypto miners. Currently, the results confirm that bitcoin mainly depends on the consumption of inexpensive electricity. Consequently, the bitcoin network predominantly uses energy in regions where it is abundant and cannot be stored or exported. Most miners rely on electricity generated from hydroelectric power plants, geysers and geothermal sources, which are not easy to transport or store. Bitcoin will continue to look for such cost-effective and underutilized energy sources, as mining in urban areas or industrial centers will remain financially unviable. If the price of bitcoin stabilizes and a sufficient number of miners enter the market, it is quite possible that in the near future we may witness a fivefold increase in their energy consumption.

Xiaoxin Cui

The combination of blockchain technology provides an innovative solution to the widespread application and critical security challenges of big data in the current digital era. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel blockchain-based secure storage strategy for unstructured big data, which utilizes blockchain's distributed ledger technology to ensure the integrity and traceability of data storage, and strengthens the security protection of the data in the transmission and storage process by employing advanced encryption algorithms, such as asymmetric encryption and hash functions. Finally, we use MongoDB in conjunction with blockchain technology to realize a system architecture aimed at enhancing data confidentiality and tamper resistance through efficient encryption techniques.

Pradeep Bonumaddi, Murugan Ramalingam

Nodes in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks (MANETs) are limited battery powered. That’s why energy efficient routing has become an important optimization criterion in MANETs. The conventional routing protocols do not consider energy of the nodes while selecting routes which leads to early exhaustion of nodes and partitioning of the network. This paper attempts to provide an energy aware routing algorithm. The proposed algorithm finds the transmission energy between the nodes relative to the distance and the performance of the algorithm is analyzed between two metrics Total Transmission energy of a route and Maximum Number of Hops. The proposed algorithm shows efficient energy utilization and increased network lifetime with total transmission energy metric.

Yan Li

With the rapid development of the Internet, the problem of network information security has become increasingly prominent. The traditional network security solutions have the weaknesses of centralization and vulnerability to attack, and cannot effectively deal with the risk of attack and data tampering. As a decentralized and tamper-resistant distributed ledger technology, blockchain technology has a good potential to be applied to network information security protection. This paper aims to summarize the basic principle and security characteristics of blockchain technology, discuss the network information security protection method based on blockchain, and analyze the application of blockchain technology in identity protection, food supply chain, O2O catering and other aspects for reference.

Mehran Hajiaghapour‐Moghimi, Omidreza Heydaritafreshi, Ehsan Hajipour, Mehdi Vakilian · 5 authors

Cryptocurrency has become a pivotal player in global financial transactions due to its decentralized mining process, which eliminates the need for intermediaries. However, the operation of cryptocurrency mining devices (CMDs) requires significant electrical power, leading to an increase in network-connected cryptocurrency mining loads (CMLs) that pose challenges for power grid operators. This paper evaluates the integration of CMLs into power grids, focusing on distribution network performance. A technology-accepted model for assessing cryptocurrency mining performance is presented, along with an analysis of the impacts of high CML penetration on power grid planning and operation. Findings reveal that high CML penetration can complicate load forecasting, congest transmission lines, and increase the coincident peak load in distribution networks. A case study of Iran’s power network indicates that CMLs account for approximately 2.8% of the nation’s electricity consumption. Furthermore, if 5% of residential customers in Tehran install CMDs, the average coincident peak demand for this group rises by 26.81%. Additionally, the average power factor of a sample CMD is about 0.99, while total current distortion and third harmonic current exceed permissible limits, indicating potential power quality issues. This study highlights the challenges posed by CMLs and proposes strategies for their sustainable integration into power grids.

K R Varalakshmi, T R Mahesh, Akhilendra Pratap Singh

wireless sensor system technology has made it possible for ubiquitous sensing, which affects many aspects of contemporary life. Indicators of environmental health, from sensitive ecologies as well as biodiversity to urban settings, may now be measured, inferred, and understood. The Internet of Things is enabled by the extensive utilization of these devices in a network that facilitates communication and action. In this network, the actuators and sensors smoothly interact with our environment as data is exchanged across platforms to provide a unified operational view. Near field communication (NFC) is the upcoming technology that will enable the transformation of the worldwide web into a fully integrated Future Internet. This technology is being advanced through the adoption of variousenabling device methods, such as tags, audience members, encased sense and actuators nodes, and nodes for near field interaction. The demand for data-on-demand, using complex and straightforward queries, increases significantly as studies transition from web to web2 to web3. This study presents a cloud-centric vision for the worldwideimplementation of the Internet of Things. The future of IoT research is expected to be influenced by many significant technology enablers and their corresponding application domains, which are emphasized. A cloud architecture based on the interplay of public as well as private clouds and employing Aneka is shown. Study conducted elaborate on the need of unity, the global web, and distributed processing in our last section of our IoT vision for the community of technical researchers.

Qiuxiang Li, Zhiyu Liu, Y Chen

With the advantages of mass storage and easy expansion, distributed storage architecture has become the main way of user big data storage, but the confidentiality, integrity and availability of data are facing serious challenges.As a new distributed shared ledger, blockchain technology has become an important technology to ensure data security since it was proposed by virtue of its characteristics of decentralization, tamper-proof and anonymity.Based on blockchain technology, this paper studies the key technology and application scheme design of data distributed storage, and verifies the feasibility of the scheme.

Miao Ji

This research aims to develop a tool to assess the impact of social media on the market by collecting and analyzing cryptocurrency-related tweets on Twitter.Python and relevant libraries are utilized for scraping tweets and cryptocurrency trading data, followed by data preprocessing.The VADER model is then employed for sentiment analysis of the tweets, extracting sentiment polarity and intensity.Considering the influence of tweets, an overall sentiment score is calculated.

Zhiming Song, Yimin Yu

Digital identity management system is the securi-ty infrastructure of computer and internet applications. However, currently, most of the digital identity management systems are faced with problems such as the difficulty of cross-domain authentication and interoperation, the lack of credibility of identity authentication, the weakness of the security of identity data. Although the advantages of block-chain technology have attached the attentions of experts and scholars in the field of digital identity management and many digital identity management systems based on block-chain have been built, the systems still can't completely solve the problems mentioned above. Therefore, in this pa-per, an effective digital identity management system model is proposed which combines technologies of self-sovereign identity and oracle with blockchain so as to pave a way in solving the problems mentioned above and constructing a secure and reliable digital identity management system.

Jijun Wang, Menghan Xu, Mingsheng Xu

Facing the new situation of gradually liberalizing the power generation and consumption plan, accelerating the construction of the spot market and the rapid development of the energy internet, new requirements are put forward for the power market trading system. The security of the power market trading system is not only related to the fairness of market competition, but also related to the security of the power grid. Therefore, in order to establish a reliable power online trading system, this article constructs a decentralized traceability system based on the idea of blockchain. By storing and verifying the data of electricity supply chain on kadelima distributed peer-to-peer network and ethereum, a user data query service system is proposed.

Yuan Wang

No abstract is available for this record.

LIU Yin YANG Guanqun, ZHANG Jianhui XING Hongwei

Most of the blockchain-based identity authentication systems are based on public blockchain, which are still essentially traditional centralized identity management and verification methods, making it difficult to meet the needs of trusted access and fine-grained access control in microgrids. Therefore, based on the FISCO BCOS consortium blockchain technology, a distributed identity authentication system supporting multi-center was designed. A DID-based identity management protocol to achieve autonomous control of user identity in a practical scenarios was designed. Distributed trusted access technology for end nodes in microgrids was studied, and privacy-protecting credentials based on zero-knowledge proof were designed. This scheme meets the requirements of trustworthy and verifiable user identity in different privacy security scenarios, and achieves autonomous control of entity identity, fine-grained access control and trusted data exchange. The usability and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm are demonstrated through system experiments and performance analysis.

Mahsud M. Sultanov, Yulia A. Gorban, A. A. Smirnov, Viktor A. Yurov

The article discusses ways to store data on reliability and safety indicators of energy equipment using distributed ledgers and centralized storage. Method of joint use of blockchain and software complex for centralized data storage is proposed. The work describes the composition of software developed to store information on reliability and safety indicators of power equipment throughout the life cycle - from production to decommissioning. This solution is based on various database management system for storing both relational data and measured parameters directly from the equipment, as well as a software interface for accessing data through the GraphQl query language.

Zhen Xue, Xiaoting Pan, Zitong Lv, Tao Liu

Abstract As a decentralized, open, transparent, fair and peer-to-peer distributed database technology, blockchain has the technical characteristics of anti-counterfeiting, anti tampering, traceability and efficiency improvement, which had attracted the attention of many industries including energy and power industry. This paper first analyzed the pain points such as data security sharing, power transaction security and power transaction mode and so on, in current energy and power business, expounded the role of blockchain in solving the above business pain points. Then designed an application framework of blockchain in power business, and illustrated power transaction and supply chain finance to describe the application of blockchain. Finally, prospected the application prospect of blockchain in power industry.