Masoomeh Bahrami, Doyeop Lee, Namgyun Kim, JeeHee Lee
Construction safety management is fundamentally constrained by fragmented, project-specific information management systems, where worker credentials, training records, and safety-related data are dispersed across disconnected platforms. Current safety information systems typically manage worker identity verification and qualification records within organization-specific data silos, limiting interoperability across contractors, subcontractors, and project stakeholders. Such fragmented information management structures create significant challenges in multi-tier subcontracting environments, where timely access to reliable and portable safety credentials is critical for site access control, training verification, equipment authorization, and regulatory compliance monitoring. To address this gap, this study introduces a biometric-driven, self-regenerating Decentralized Identifier (DID) infrastructure designed to serve as the foundational identity layer for interoperable construction safety management systems. Considering the highly mobile and temporary nature of the construction workforce, the architecture enables workers to regenerate cryptographic identity credentials on the same enrolled device using only a fingerprint—without passwords, cloud dependencies, or administrative intervention—through a National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)-compliant fuzzy extractor and Schnorr zero-knowledge proofs. Experimental validation under simulated construction site conditions demonstrates sub-second authentication latency and seamless cross-project identity portability despite biometric variability and connectivity constraints. The findings suggest that the proposed infrastructure can function as a privacy-preserving and interoperable safety information management framework capable of supporting auditable safety compliance workflows, reducing redundant safety inductions, and empowering worker participation in safety reporting across general contractors, subcontractors, and regulatory auditors.
Chang Su, Jun Deng, Xiaoyang Li, Jiayi Ma · 7 authors
Purpose Urban public safety is increasingly important and engineering safety risk monitoring is a key link in this area, where information asymmetry exists. Given the technological advantages of blockchain, it is of great significance for engineering safety supervision. This study aims to reveal the behavioral evolution patterns of multiple entities in the process of engineering safety risk monitoring under blockchain technology and to discuss the mechanism of action of blockchain technology on engineering safety risk monitoring. Design/methodology/approach By integrating prospect theory and mental accounting, a game model involving construction companies, third-party monitoring units and government regulatory departments under blockchain technology is established. With numerical analysis, a comparative analysis is conducted before and after the introduction of blockchain technology. Findings The results show that under the influence of complexity factors, blockchain technology effectively resolves the problem of information asymmetry and creates a stricter regulatory environment. The introduction of blockchain technology changes the strategic preferences and decision-making speed of the game participants, thereby enhancing the effectiveness and efficiency of engineering safety risk monitoring. In addition, countermeasure suggestions, marginal contributions and future prospects are also presented. Originality/value The possible marginal contributions of this paper are mainly in three aspects: First, it expands previous studies on decision-making behavior in engineering safety risk monitoring, constructs an evolutionary game model among construction enterprises, third-party monitoring institutions and government regulatory departments under blockchain technology and analyzes the stability of different strategies. Second, it uses prospect theory and mental accounting to depict the psychological motivations and subjective emotions behind the decision-making behavior of construction enterprises, third-party monitoring institutions and government regulatory departments, profoundly showing the evolutionary trends of multi-agent decision-making behavior under blockchain. Third, it establishes game analysis models, compares the differences in multi-agent decision-making behavior before and after the introduction of blockchain and further proposes countermeasure suggestions.
The instability of algorithmic and hybrid stablecoins has become a systemic concern in decentralized finance. This paper proposes a unified, interpretable, and uncertainty-aware framework that integrates graph-based deep reinforcement learning, GARCH econometric modeling, and Bayesian inference. Multi-stage reinforcement learning agents simulate interactions between arbitrageurs and protocol mechanisms. GARCH models capture volatility dynamics, while Bayesian methods provide confidence intervals for peg deviation forecasts, enabling adaptive prediction and transparent risk interpretation. The framework is validated using over eight million on-chain and off-chain records across 120 scenarios involving USDT, USDC, and TerraUSD. It achieves 89 per cent crisis prediction accuracy and 83 per cent reflexivity modeling performance, significantly outperforming six benchmark models. Notably, the system issued early warnings up to 72 hours before the TerraUSD collapse. Ablation studies confirm the unique contribution of each module. In addition to technical improvements, the framework outputs a stability index and dynamic reserve recommendations to support policy response and supervisory planning. Compared to existing approaches, this is the first framework to combine dynamic simulation, interpretability, and probabilistic forecasting in a single architecture. It offers practical value for stablecoin monitoring and establishes a methodological foundation for future research in digital asset risk assessment.
Abstract Critical Infrastructures produce critical goods and services for society and cover a wide range of sectors according to the governance frameworks in place in the United States, in the European Union (EU) and in EU Member States including Romania. Aviation is a particular case for the critical transport infrastructure, with a high degree of technical complexity, economic productivity and complex supply and production chains. Blockchain or Distributed Ledger is an already famous digital emerging technology with the possibility of disintermediating numerous system processes, thereby reducing costs, increasing security and reducing risk in a world where cumbersome and expensive intermediaries are required for trust in all sorts of transactions. This article provides a brief overview of the critical air transport infrastructure and of the blockchain technology, traces the possible uses of blockchain in aviation, gives real world examples and concludes with recommendations for practitioners moving forward.
Amir Faraji, Shima Homayoon Arya, Elnaz Ghasemi, Maria Rashidi · 7 authors
Purpose In the construction industry, various parties are involved in a project. Consequently, claims and disputes are inevitable in this industry. This paper aims to develop Integrated project delivery (IPD) practices including early involvement of stakeholders and multiparty contracts which its combination with advanced technologies such as blockchain can lead to better dispute management and improve the whole construction process. Design/methodology/approach Based on literature review, the alternative dispute resolution (ADR) for IPD contacts were identified, and three formats of IPD contracts were selected, and the dispute resolution process of them has been analyzed. Then, based on blockchain review, a conceptual blockchain-based dispute management (BDM) model was generated for ADR in IPD. Model validation was done by an interview. Experts were asked to compare the BDM model with the traditional system regarding the ADR duration. Findings Analyses of the collected data from the experts demonstrated that the BDM model has better function in terms of time and cost for ADR process when the project is facing serious and considerable number of disputes. The relation between blockchain technology (BCT) and building information modeling (BIM) has been examined through a framework, and the ability of the proposed model for administrating dispute resolution process has been verified using four different scenarios of construction claims that show the system can run successfully. Originality The current study proposes a truthful model, reliable framework to address the problem of project dispute management in IPD contracts. The system combines the ability to being unchangeable and the reliability characteristics of BCT with informative and automation aspects of BIM together to improve dispute resolution issue in the IPD system.
With the expansion of the scale of construction projects, the safety situation of construction projects has become more and more severe, and strengthening near-miss event management can effectively improve the safety management level of building construction sites and prevent safety accidents from occurring. However, the traditional monitoring and early warning systems rely on manual supervision, which is heavy and inefficient and cannot detect near-miss events in time. In the context of big data, blockchain technology, which is widely used, has the characteristics of decentralization, distrust, openness, nontamperability, and traceability, which can improve the safety of building construction sites to a certain extent. The primary objective of this study is to automatically monitor and early warn of near-miss events at building construction sites through the use of blockchain technology to effectively avoid the occurrence of building construction site safety accidents and reduce the incidence of safety accidents. To achieve this objective, we first constructed a knowledge base of near-miss events at building construction sites. Then, the near-miss event monitoring and early warning system for building construction sites based on blockchain technology was established. Finally, the near-miss incidents of not wearing safety belts working at height, which exists on the construction site, were used as an example to verify the feasibility and reliability of the monitoring and early warning system. The results show that the monitoring and early warning system has strong feasibility and practicability, and has certain research value. As the primary contribution, this paper developed a method of using blockchain technology for near-miss event monitoring and early warnings at building construction sites, which can realize real-time monitoring and automatic early warning, detect near-miss events in time, help trace the responsibility of events at a later stage, and improve the safety management level of building construction sites.
Pedagogical ergonomics deals with the issues of rationalization of teacher's work and students' learning. The subject of pedagogical ergonomics is "human - educational environment". In recent years the educational environment has changed significantly under the influence of the process of its digitalization. It changes the psychology of teachers and students, gives rise to a number of safety issues and new aspects in the ergonomics of the educational process - its efficiency, rationality, safety, which remain little-studied. This article examines the use of artificial intelligence, zero-knowledge proof technology and machine learning in education from the perspective of basic principles of ergonomics - performance, efficiency, comfort of educational work, its safety. The article shows that digitalization of the educational environment helps to solve a number of problems of pedagogical ergonomics and serves to improve the quality of education and its accessibility for all. At the same time, the problems of using artificial intelligence in education are also noted. The possibilities of zero-knowledge proof technology that can help to reduce the risks of digitalization of the educational environment are considered.
An inspection is a crucial construction process that ensures that building works and workers comply with prescribed codes, standards, and building progress. The traditional inspection is characterized by physical effort and onerous paperwork. The emergence of e-inspection 1.0 has meant the adoption of computerized means to ease the paperwork burden, although physical onsite presence has remained mandatory. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has made the dispatch of inspectors difficult and has prompted governments worldwide to explore alternative inspection approaches that harness the latest information antitamper and traceability technologies, such as blockchain. In this paper, we refer to these approaches as “e-inspection 2.0.” This research reports the urgent need for e-inspection 2.0 to guarantee construction quality, compliance, and progress amid pandemic conditions. Using the design science research method, it then proposes a blockchain-based solution to address authenticity and traceability concerns and facilitate e-inspection 2.0. The system is validated through a case study of a modular construction project in the Hong Kong–Pearl River Delta construction nexus. We find that rigorous technological solutions can render e-inspection 2.0 reliable. However, existing regulations are far from amenable to such inspections. Therefore, we call for an extension of the pandemic e-inspection 2.0 expediency to common practice in a post-pandemic era through the development of robust technological instruments and the amendment of inspection regulations.
As a temporary facility, scaffolding has an essential role in providing a work environment at height in the construction industry. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), approximately 65% of laborers work on scaffolding. Scaffolding work information needs to be effectively managed with reliability to provide a safe environment. However, managing information of the scaffolding work process remains challenging in forgery risk and manual verification. Blockchain has been widely introduced as an accountable and efficient information management solution. This study presents a blockchain-based system for scaffolding work to grant reliability and efficiency of information management. The system is developed to secure applicability by considering three aspects: (1) optimal blockchain platform regarding characteristics of scaffolding work; (2) storage method to address the hindrance of blockchain; (3) information needed to be compared for verifying adequacy. The detailed configuration and process model for the system is categorically presented, and validated via a case study. The case study confirmed that the system was able to store the information in the block smoothly, verify the information using the smart contract successfully, and remain the block size constant by using off-chain. The proposed system has the potential of practical applicability and could contribute to mitigate potential safety risks associated with inadequate scaffolding work management. Furthermore, the proposed system development flow can be leveraged as a guideline to extend blockchain applications to diverse areas in the construction domain.
From the economic value and contribution point of view to gross domestic product (GDP), it is highly important to find efficiency through new technology and digital tools as modern practices in the New Zealand construction industry. This requires coordinated efforts and greater alignment in using technology and information technology (IT) infrastructure provisions in complex and smart construction projects and operations. However, construction projects experience indicates delays as a recurring issue that requires constant assessing of these delays’ causes and impact. Many delay analysis methods and causal factors are being recognized, but none has considered whether information and communications technology (ICT) infrastructure such as software and smart platforms affect these delay causes and events. This paper aims to identify and rank the causes of delay, which happened through using software and ICT platforms in smart and complex construction projects in New Zealand. Initially, the delay causes were classified, and 15 executed smart construction projects were identified and studied. The projects were selected based on purposive sampling from the different contracting organizations. Accordingly, the project managers and engineers involved participated in a survey on the actual delay causes in these projects. This study utilized the correlation coefficient and ranking of relative importance index (RII) to prioritize the causes of delay. The result presented a list of 20 factors in three classes of design/engineering (DE), client (CL), and contractor (CO). The results revealed that issues such as retrieving information, gathering and screening real-time data on the site, and lack of multicommunication channels between parties and stages (pre- and postconstruction) could be significant causes of delay in smart projects with the expansion of smart tools and techniques in construction. Meanwhile, consents and ethics can potentially become another potential cause of delay, which requires further attention.
Blockchain based Framework for Verifying the Adequacy of Scaffolding Installation Chanwoo Baek, Doyeop Lee and Chansik Park Pages 425-432 (2020 Proceedings of the 37th ISARC, Kitakyushu, Japan, ISBN 978-952-94-3634-7) Abstract: Falls are the leading cause of construction site accidents and made up more than 60 percent of all construction-related deaths in 2018, according to the Korea Occupational Health and Safety Administration (KOSHA). Accordingly, the government conducts intensive management and supervision of scaffolding and scaffolding installation at small sites while inducing safe working environments through support for system scaffolding installation. However, the timing of scaffolding installation for external work varies by site, and visiting inspections of more than 400,000 sites annually are practically limited. In particular, in the case of small sites, the work is often carried out with a high risk of falling accidents due to installation or defects that do not comply with KOSHA rule and the occurrence of accidents is frequently reported. To solve these limitations, information on whether the right amount of scaffolding has been purchased and installed at the right time according to the size and shape of each site needs to be managed by a systematic method. In this paper, we propose a framework for verifying the adequacy of the installation of scaffolding needed at the individual construction site using blockchain technology. The system provide Dapp, an application that runs on the block chain server, so that General contract (GC) and Supplier can enter information related to ordering and procurement of scaffolding. The core information required to determine the adequacy of scaffolding installation is stored in a non-modifiable form using the distributed ledger storage technology of the block chain. As a result, scaffolding installation adequacy can be automatically verified through the algorithms that can compare the installation schedule and quantity calculation with the actually purchased quantity. It is anticipated that using the proposed framework, government agencies can identify the safety levels of individual sites without on-site visits. Keywords: Scaffolding; Blockchain; Framework DOI: https://doi.org/10.22260/ISARC2020/0060 Download fulltext Download BibTex Download Endnote (RIS) TeX Import to Mendeley
Samad M. E. Sepasgozar, Reyhaneh Karimi, Sara Shirowzhan, Mohammad Mojtahedi · 6 authors
Delay is one of the main challenges of construction projects, and there is still much to overcome in order to reach near zero delay in all construction projects. This project aims to conduct a systematic critical review including a bibliography analysis on delay literature in construction. The main questions consider what has been learnt from a decade investigating delay causes and effects in the construction literature and what factors have been missed in the literature. This paper also presents a new and challenging question regarding how digital tools and associated technologies may prevent any delay in construction projects, which can change the research direction from delay investigations to identifying prevention factors. The paper identifies the delay dataset, including 493 papers investigating delay in construction, and establishes a specific dataset of papers focusing on delay effects and causes (DEC), including 94 selected papers covering different factors examined in over 29 countries such as Iran, India, Turkey, Bangladesh, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Cambodia, Oman, Malaysia, Taiwan, China, Vietnam, the US, the UK, and Egypt. In addition, the paper identifies 30 critical factors with the frequency of occurrences over three times in the DEC dataset and computes their medians of ranking. This paper also discusses digital tools and methods that can be used for delay analysis and preventions, including MS Project, Oracle Primavera P6, and Open Plan by Deltek. The paper discusses the project schedule delay analysis from project management methodology perspectives. It also discusses the current method’s limitations and future directions, which are based on the identification of the deficiency areas. In total, four overlooked factors are identified and suggested, including faulty data analysis, unmatched structure of the research questionnaires with new knowledge and standards [e.g., Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK)], overlooked effects of digital technologies [e.g., Digital twin, Navisworks, Building Information Model (BIM), Geographic Information System (GIS), and Integrated Project Delivery (IPD)], and ignored job-site technologies. In addition, the paper presents the DEC model for future studies, including four main key factors. These factors are resources (e.g., project budgets, labour, material, equipment, and digital tool), project context, stakeholders performance (e.g., owner/client, consultant/designer, contractor, vendor/supplier), and external factors (e.g., ground condition, site location, regulation, natural disaster), which may significantly affect delay prevention and should be concurrently considered in the future delay investigations, since they may be required for designing an effective mitigation strategy when these proof points are identified. This would significantly help to utilise digital systems to prevent time overruns in different construction contexts.
We propose to enhance the security and transparency of aircraft maintenance records in the aviation industry through the use of blockchain technology. A physical aircraft maintenance logbook is susceptible to being lost or destroyed. A nonexistent aircraft maintenance logbook hurts the confidence in integrity and reputation of the aircraft. Furthermore, fraud can occur through forgery of FAA personnel signatures and the installation of non-official aircraft parts. The scope of this work is to develop a secure blockchain that can store aircraft service records and information in a digital distributed ledger. By keeping the maintenance logbook on a digital ledger, records can be stored indefinitely in a trusted environment with the integrity of records guaranteed. Additionally, to achieve being a distributed ledger, a consensus algorithm PoET is used to display the global state accurately to all users. The SAMR blockchain uses the Linux Foundations open sourced software “Hyperledger” to facilitate an environment that mimics a real-world implementation. The Python Programming Language was used for SAMR's implementation of the blockchain logic through creation of a permission-based blockchain for holding the maintenance records.