Decentralized Finance (DeFi) has become a transformative force in the financial sector, using blockchain technology to create open, permissionless financial services. Its total value locked (TVL) grew from $675 million in 2020 to $180 billion in 2021, before stabilizing at $40-50 billion in 2023. This research examines DeFi infrastructure, applications, and governance mechanisms; analyzes challenges limiting adoption; and identifies trends shaping its evolution. Through analysis of literature, reports, and market data, this study examines DeFi’s technical foundations, application scenarios, governance structures, and development challenges. Results indicate DeFi has established robust foundations supporting diverse ecosystems but faces barriers in technical (scalability, security), regulatory (compliance, legal uncertainty), and market dimensions. Future evolution may be characterized by four trends: integration with traditional finance, cross-chain interoperability, balancing privacy with regulatory compliance, and institutionalization with maturing financial engineering. These findings contribute to literature on blockchain-based financial systems and provide guidance for practitioners, regulators, and researchers.
To solve the concerns of malicious node removal and node corruption caused by idle node voting and long election cycles of the Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus process, a new solution is proposed. First, we design a time-cost-based incentive mechanism that provides commensurate compensation to all nodes participating in the consensus strive system nodes to participate in voting actively. Second, we present a reward and punishment scheme based on trust value that sets the node status and corresponding trust value for nodes and dynamically adjusts the node status and associated trust value by monitoring node behavior and provides the function Optimization is performed to make it more difficult for bad nodes to get votes, to speed up the removal of wicked nodes, and to resist node bribery attacks. Finally, a list of alternate witness nodes is included to address the issue of system security weakening caused by the vacancy of hostile nodes once their proxies are revoked. The experimental results before and after the mechanism modification are compared to validate the usability and effectiveness of the improvement scheme.
Nikola Todorović, Marko Vještica, Nenad Todorović, Vladimir Dimitrieski · 5 authors
Due to strong competition and rapidly shifting market conditions, it is becoming harder for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises (SMEs) to achieve business success. To deal with rising challenges, SMEs form Virtual Organizations (VOs) and seize business opportunities jointly. In this paper, we present an outline of a novel methodological approach that promotes trustworthy collaborative production execution within a non-hierarchical VO. Furthermore, we propose using Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) platforms and smart contracts to facilitate VO integration. The approach is based on the MultiProLan Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML) extended with concepts required to allow process designers to (i) model collaborative production processes while preserving the confidentiality of private enterprise data and (ii) configure what data should be shared between participants during the collaborative production execution. Designed process models are used to automatically generate smart contracts by following the Model-Driven (MD) principles. Finally, generated smart contracts are stored in a DLT network and used to distribute production data between VO participants and monitor production execution in near real-time. The application of our methodological approach is demonstrated by showcasing the use of the Collaborative Extension of MultiProLan (CE-MultiProLan) modeling language and its concepts for modeling collaborative production processes.
In the emerging world of IoT applications, machines are going to be at the endpoints of the Internet engaging in complex Machine to Machine (M2M) communications. Be it a personal assistant (softbot)making an appointment with a doctor or an autonomous car filling fuel or charging at a refueling station, in the future, it is going to be M2M communications without human intervention. In such a scenario, robust and secure technology is essential to record every M2M transactions. This paper makes use of blockchain, a distributed ledger technology for intelligent transportation systems. It is proposed that blockchain networks such as Ethereum have the foundations to record and satisfy the transaction that has happened between the machines. A permissioned Ethereum blockchain the smart contract is used for recording each every transaction that come off between the car and electric station. An algorithm is proposed to recharge the autonomous electric vehicles as a case study.
Strategic Information System (SIS) utilizes the word “strategic” because the very existence of such an information system has strategic significance. This chapter describes how production managers at Toyota have utilized SIS, Computer-integrated Manufacturing (CIM), and just-in-time in their production management organization. A SIS or CIM must include more than a computer-based communications network. One key element in the Toyota Group’s SIS is the order entry system by which sales companies pass along orders and other sales data to the parent company. Toyota has made a number of developments in building an information system for communicating with suppliers. Toyota established a value-added network to provide an on-line link with major Toyota Group parts manufacturers such as Nippondenso, Toyoda Boshoku, and Toyoda Automatic Loom Works. At Toyota assembly plants, the system takes the form of a multilayered, decentralized factory control system. This long term simply means that each factory includes several autonomous subsystems that mutually adjust and control factory operations.
Because of the complex theory and the diversiform modes of authentication,the component is designed by modularize method and widget pattern.Its parameters is established by user and its process of authentication is transparent for user.Four authentication modes is supported you can choose include mode based on password,mode based on zero knowledge proof,mode based on Biometrics and mode based on Token.The programmers can use the authentication component to develop their own authentication schemes.It also is used by the person to integration the authentication module who don’t know the authentication theory.
Based on the reliability mechanism of biological system, the design theories and methods of high reliabe power electronic system, includingautonomous decentralized control,redundancy design, intelligent design, self-reproducion and self-repair, self-adaptive and self-organization control, are firstly described in detail. The research results show that the reliabi1ity of complex power electronic systems is improved markedly in these bionic methods. The power electronics technology can draw some research inspiration from living being. And bionics will have wide applications in the field of power electronics. As a concept Autonomous Cell (AC) and Autonomous Decentralized Power Electric System (ADPES) are defined. It is pointed that AC is autonomous controllable and autonomous cooperative. Based on AC, ADPES is built.A novel autonomous decentralized single-phase inverter of high reliability is inverstigated in the method of bionic. Bionic design methods of power electronics system are original from methodological point of view in this paper. Theresearch in this paper is a practical guide to the applications of bionics on power electronics, especial on design of high reliable power electronics systems.
In this paper, a model of the automatic control of trains was researched. To research the problem, fuzzy control, predictive control and computer simulation technology were applied. The speed of the train and the comfort level were defined as evaluation functions, and the tactic used was rolling optimization.
Industrial Technology and Control Systems
Power Systems and Technologies
Advanced Computational Techniques and Applications