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Chase Metcalf, John Nagl
Abstract This chapter examines the Russo-Ukraine War as a case study in command and control (C2), highlighting the enduring importance of mission command in large-scale combat operations. It contrasts Ukraine’s evolving adoption of decentralized execution, built on trust, shared understanding, and risk acceptance, with Russia’s rigid, centralized command culture rooted in Soviet tradition. Case studies from Kyiv, Kharkiv, Avdiivka, and Kursk illustrate how command philosophy, organizational culture, and technology has shaped battlefield outcomes. The chapter emphasizes that while emerging tools such as artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous systems, and digital command networks can enhance mission command, they cannot substitute for human judgement or a culture that empowers initiative. Ultimately, the war underscores that mission command, when institutionalized through education, training, and cultural reform, can provide a decisive strategic advantage in modern, multi-domain warfare.
Dongfa Feng, Yaoming Zhang, Yao Zhang, Si Zhou
No abstract is available for this record.
Martini, David
International audience
Suraj Velip, Mrunali Jambotkar
The unprecedented upheaval in an economic and financial system facilitates herding behaviour and flight-to-safety (FTS) episodes from a riskier asset into a safer one. The Russia-Ukraine conflict shows that the financial market assets are still prone to external shock. In line with this, the study explores the inconclusive insights on an FTS from cryptocurrencies to US treasury securities. The paper employs dynamic conditional correlation – generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (DCC-GARCH) to test the FTS episode for a period from February 24, 2022 to February 23, 2023. The findings hold a sizeable negative and significant volatility coefficient, particularly DCCα, which directs to support the notion of short-lived FTS from cryptocurrencies to treasury securities during the invasion period. Nevertheless, some evidence of the positive volatility effect points out the risk diversification benefits. The results also show flight-to-quality from BTC, ETH, USDT, BNB, ADA and MATIC to the US dollar index (USDX), however, for other cryptocurrencies, it acts as a diversifier. We unfolded several implications that could be interesting for a market participant looking for evidence on the behaviour of cryptocurrencies and govt. backed securities during times of market uncertainty in the future.
А Д Керимов, Vladislav V. Krasinsky
The article discusses the problem of counteracting the financing of anti-Russian decentralized sabotage and terrorist activities of network structures. The authors analyze the illegal activities of founders, coordinators, sponsors, and beneficiaries of sabotage and terrorist network movements in online platforms and Internet messengers. The work provides the criminal and criminological characteristic of decentralized sabotage and terrorist activities. The article presents changes in terrorist tactics and modern mechanisms for financing sabotage and terrorist activities using cryptocurrencies, taking into account the high-tech present-day terrorism, the introduction of distributed financing mechanisms and resource provision of sabotage and terrorist activities. It also demonstrates the relationship between anti-Russian subversive and terrorist networks and Ukrainian special agencies, as well as the involvement of a number of Ukrainian financial institutions and virtual asset service providers in quasi-legal financial schemes, money laundering, and terrorist financing.
Ewers-Peters, Nele Marianne; id_orcid 0000-0001-7467-0136
The 2024 United States’ (US) elections will have a significant impact on transatlantic security and the European Union (EU)-NATO relationship, which is crucial amid the erosion of the rules-based international order, Russia’s war against Ukraine and renewed conflict in the Middle East. While a re-election of Donald Trump could imply new risks for transatlantic security that can lead to a rupture in the EU-NATO relationship, Europeans should also not be disillusioned by Kamala Harris’ proposed foreign policy agenda and the focus on great power rivalry with China. No matter the outcome of the 2024 US presidential elections, the EU-NATO relationship needs to be future-proofed against domestic changes in allies and member states and especially in key contributing states to Euro-Atlantic security.
Leila Dagher, Amar Rao, Vishal Dagar, Olatunji A. Shobande
This study aims to investigate the spillover effects from geopolitical risks (proxied by the geopolitical risk index GPRD) and cryptocurrencies-related uncertainty (proxied by the Cryptocurrency Uncertainty Index UCRY) to cryptocurrencies. We utilize the Baruník and Křehlík (2018) framework to detect time-frequency connectedness. Our investigation for the period 2017 to 2022 discovers significant spillover effects from both indices (GPRD and UCRY) to cryptocurrencies. Utilizing the information transmission theory and network graphs, our findings reveal that some cryptocurrencies function as net receivers of spillovers from geopolitical risks and uncertainty in the short-term, while over longer time horizons they transform into net transmitters of spillovers to uncertainty. The study underscores the importance of comprehending how uncertainty due to various factors (geopolitical, policy changes, regulatory changes, etc.) could affect the cryptocurrencies’ markets.
Germán Zapata, Rodolfo García-Sierra
Se presentó el desarrollo de una plataforma de ciberseguridad para vehículos aéreos no tripulados (UAV, por sus siglas en inglés) o drones según la tecnología cyber-deception. Esta tecnología tiene como fundamento la creación deliberada de señuelos (honeypots) de fácil acceso y detección para detectar potenciales intrusos en el perímetro de una infraestructura crítica. Se explicó el modelo conceptual de la solución propuesta y la descripción detallada de cada uno de los procedimientos desarrollados, se implementó una metodología de desarrollo tecnológico, se llevaron a cabo procedimientos para la creación de señuelos en redes inalámbricas wifi y en bandas de radiofrecuencia (RF), y se incluyó la aproximación al desarrollo de un procedimiento de GPS Spoofing. Este último fue explorado usando un equipo de radio definido por software (SDR, por sus siglas en inglés) para la suplantación de señales GPS que permite la implementación de estrategias de defensa contra drones atacantes. Finalmente, se describe la plataforma web para monitorear los señuelos activos y para registrar los intentos de penetración. Estos registros de intento de penetración se almacenan en una blockchain desarrollada según la tecnología Ethereum. Se encontró que las redes inalámbricas wifi y de RF poseen vulnerabilidades que pueden ser explotadas por potenciales atacantes. También que el procedimiento GPS Spoofing es mucho más complejo que los procedimientos por redes inalámbricas, pero que permitiría tomar acción sobre drones atacantes.
Bilyana Lilly, Sale Lilly
This article presents the first open source assessment of how the US, Chinese and Russian militaries discuss the application of blockchain technologies in warfare. Bilyana Lilly and Sale Lilly examine mentions of blockchain in the official military publications of each country – in their respective native languages – to identify the similarities and differences in each military’s blockchain outlook, ranging from mitigating cyber security vulnerabilities to supply chain management and battlefield logistics management. They conclude by offering several policy implications and observations for defence planners.◼
Wojciech Mincewicz
The article undertakes an analysis of the potential of using blockchain technology to strengthen the security of the state, which is guaranteed by a strong and efficient army. As part of his own studies, the author first characterizes the solutions that were first implemented in 2008 with the creation of Bitcoin. Blockchain technology, described as the most important achievement of humanity since the creation of the internet. It is increasingly used in areas such as payment management, digitization, and contract storage, or in the private sector, where data security plays a key role. Available reports and studies indicate that the United States, the Russian Federation, and the People's Republic of China are intensively working on the implementation of technology in the functioning of their armies. In turn, countries such as South Korea or India began pilot programs in 2019, which will eventually lead to the implementation of blockchain technology in their armies. Hence, the question arises, what military application blockchain technology has or may have in the foreseeable future, and how its use by armies can contribute to improving the security of the state? In the study presented, the following three areas of potential application have been distinguished: security in cyberspace, supply chain management, and more effective and reliable communication.
Nicholas Ross Smith
Russia, under the stewardship of Vladimir Putin, has arguably taken a number of steps to try and secure a position as a pole in an emerging multipolar world. One step has been to modernize its military and reassert itself globally (evident in its Syria action), while another step has been to try and hasten the decline of the United States (evident in its BRICS cheerleading). It is argued that the latter step is particularly difficult to achieve because the United States still has a significant power advantage over the rest. Additionally, the United States' hegemonic position is further insulated by having the U.S. dollar as the global
Mahmoud M. A. Eid
New terrorism has been recently considered a new type of terrorism. The terrorism characteristics that have instigated the introduction of the term stem from the modern evolutions in most aspects of terrorism, such as its organizational structure, financing, recruitment, training, motivations, tactics, reach, targets, and lethality. This chapter reviews discussions surrounding new terrorism, explains its key characteristics and features, and demonstrates the dual role of the media and information technologies. Distinctions from conventional terrorism recognize it as loose, decentralized cell-based networks, using high-intensity weapons, religiously and vaguely motivated, using asymmetrical methods for maximum casualties, and highly skillful in using new media and information technologies. Moreover, the most critical features focus on how the functioning of new terrorism adapts new media technologies, which in turn, contribute to all of its aspects. However, it is concluded that regardless of the label—new or old—attention should be focused on the act and the actors, whether the ways they function utilize the conventional or adapt with the most recent technologies, media, and weapons, and most crucially, recognizing how fast and efficient terrorists are in utilizing the most advanced media and information technologies.