Blockchain Papers

Sumaira Aslam, Muhammad Ussama Majeed, Zahid Hussain

Purpose: This paper investigates the impact of Non-fungible Tokens (NFTs), Metaverse Engagement (ME), and Digital Personalization (DP) on Brand Accessibility (BA) with a focus on the mediating role of Inclusive Brand Strategies (IBS). Methodology: A total of 256 participants from the Fashion retailing sector participated in the paper. Data analysis using SEM with the SMART-PLS tool using a purposive sampling strategy. Findings: NFTs, Metaverse Engagement and Digital Personalization all Significantly enhance Brand Accessibility. Furthermore, it was discovered that inclusive brand strategies mediate this link highlighting the significance of inclusive strategies in improving brand accessibility. Originality/Value: This paper adds to the growing body of knowledge about brand accessibility in modern technology. It gives brands looking to promote accessibility and inclusion into their online presence beneficial knowledge by looking at the significance of novel technologies and Inclusive tactics.

Zejun Lin, Bin Chen, Yi Chen, Peichang Zhang · 5 authors

A campus public resources (CPRs) sharing model is proposed by applying Decentralized Identifiers (DIDs) and Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) in smart campus. The integration of DIDs empowers users with enhanced autonomy and control over their digital identities, providing improved security and convenience while extending resource accessibility to off-campus individuals. Furthermore, the model employs the NFT standard of ERC4907 to achieve a clear separation between resource ownership and usage rights. Leveraging the inherent distributed and transparent nature of blockchain technology, the CPRs sharing model effectively eliminates data barriers between departments, fostering a collaborative environment. A high-performance platform based on the model is developed to meet the requirements of sharing CPRs within a university setting.

Dr.K. Baranidharan

A Study on the Application of Financial Analytics in the Field of Blockchain Technology Authors- Professor Dr.K.Baranidharan, Research Scholar K. Sabitha, Research Scholar V. Deepika Abstract-An important new field of research at the crossroads of blockchain and distributed ledger technologies ... Read More »

National Public Law Review, jong oh Kim

The autonomous police system is based on the premise that the quality of life of the residents can be improved by the police system for the residents, by the residents, and for the residents. Fundamental questions have been raised as to whether Korea's autonomous police system is being operated for the residents, but on the other hand, the current autonomous police system has been implemented after discussion and review of the autonomous police system for a considerable period of time. The autonomous police system is a system that pursues values contrary to the national police system, placing importance on democracy and procedurality rather than efficiency. The autonomous police system is an essential element in the decision-making process of residents aiming for grassroots democracy, and Korea's autonomous police system does not utilize the purpose of the autonomous police system in that it is implemented by determining the model and operation method centrally. In order to operate the autonomous police system, a blueprint to transfer much of the police power to local governments should have been presented, but due to the inefficiency of decentralized systems, confrontation between the two Koreas, and familiarity with the implementation of the national police system, a centralized national police system was maintained, and a formal police organization with limited responsibilities and authority was established in local governments and only some police duties closely related to residents' lives was carried out as an office manager. Despite various problems, the autonomous police system has become an irreversible trend of the times, and although it is insufficient, discussions continue as it contributes to improving the quality of life of residents by improving the problems. The Yoon Suk Yeol government, which was launched in May 2022, launched the “Police System Development Committee” under the Prime Minister in September of the same year and said that it would pilot the dual autonomous police system in Jeju, Sejong, Gangwon and Jeonbuk, but discussions were underway until February 2023 and have been suspended. Given that time is needed to overhaul legislation, implement new models, and improve complementary points, it is not easy to keep its pledge to fully implement the dual autonomous police system by 2026. There are both negative criticisms of the autonomous police system, which has been implemented from 2021 to 2024, as well as positive evaluations of the process of developing the autonomous police system as a transitional period. It is difficult to say that the “double-level” model, in which autonomous police organizations are operated separately from national police, immediately carries out practical autonomous police administration, but it can take on the shape of an autonomous police rather than a unified model. A form of incorporating the national police system centered on the autonomous police system was considered a hard landing plan, and a form of incorporating the autonomous police system centered on the national police system was suggested as a soft landing plan. As a hard landing plan, the full transfer of national police authority to local governments and the introduction of an election system for the chairman of the municipal and provincial autonomous police committees or police officers were proposed. As a soft landing plan, a bill should be enacted or revised to allow the dualization model to operate more efficiently, which should include organizational and operational aspects. The main contents will require the transfer of organization, manpower, and budget to local governments, and accordingly, organizations that can perform autonomous police affairs, such as the autonomous police committee and the autonomous police headquarters, should be reorganized.

Yiran Xiong

Digitization is the primary form of Metaverse art, making the Metaverse digitally re-enable the unfolding of art. First, as a digital art form, non-fungible token (NFT) art acts as a media technology object for digital subjects to seek an identity. It opens the potential to reflect on image ontology and image copies. Second, the development of Metaverse art is closely related to its media characteristics. The exploration of the attributes of Metaverse media can be divided into two approaches. One approach is to examine the characteristics of Metaverse media from the perspective of media archaeology and its association with cinema and games. The second approach lies in elucidating the temporal mechanism of modernity rooted in Metaverse media and rethinking the prominence and intervention of an “algorithmic timeline” in real time. Finally, the mediating properties of digital image ontology and the Metaverse’s temporal and spatiotemporal folding correspond to the two main characteristics of immersion and interactivity in a virtual space, which not only reflects the generation of an “external subject” but also triggers a crisis in the identification of the subject with the mirror image.

Min‐Goo Kang

In this paper, a blockchain-based platform of NFT(Non-Fungible Token) reports was proposed to ensure the reliable performance contents of field study trip. It is possible to identify and manage the personal multi biomeric authentication user ID of activity records for students in a mobile IP-based metaverse with the linkage of extended reality(XR). At this time, many quests and incentives of platform are provided to induce students to experience smart and fun field studying facilities by linking real trip experiences and virtual extended_reality studies in the metaverse interworking.

Angel Nica Elegado

This paper reviews the network security in 6G applied in various emerging technologies. The content of the paper discusses the 6G, which is expected to be merged with multiple sorts of slicing enabled by new technologies and paradigms to make the system more intelligent and safeguard the network infrastructure. This literature review was performed through a systematic review using a meta-analysis review to draw a conclusion. This paper identifies the issues and challenges of the 6G network and discusses the current research areas in network security, such as AI and DLT, which were found as solutions which can be employed for security at many cybersecurity protection and defense stages. The value of these technologies is based on the benefits of autonomy, increased accuracy, and predictive capabilities for security analytics. Additionally, this study compares which approach is the most viable solution to address network security issues. The researcher wants to investigate further 6G cloud computing for future work, addressed by centralized data centers accessed via the leading network.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Jinyoung Han, Min-Jeong Lee, Ji-In Lee

대체불가토큰(Non-Fungible Token: NFT)은 현재 예술, 엔터테인먼트, 게임을 중심으로 급성장하고 있으며, 메타버스를 중심으로 패션, 마케팅 산업에도 적극적으로 도입되고 있다. NFT는 이제 산업이 형성되고 있어 NFT와 관련된 연구는 아직 탐색적인 수준이다. 본 연구에서는 2018년부터 2022년 6월까지 출간된 NFT 관련 국내외 논문 각각 95편, 153편의 서지정보를 LDA 기법으로 토픽모델링을 수행하였다. 이를 통해 키워드간 관계성, NFT 관련 분야 전체 연구의 구조를 살펴보고 국내외 NFT 관련 연구 주제의 유사점과 차이점을 비교하였으며, 분석결과와 선행연구를 기반으로 NFT 분야의 향후 연구 방향을 제시하였다. 본 연구는 NFT 관련 국내외 연구를 통합하여 진행한 첫 리뷰 연구로서 의의가 있으며 실무적으로 NFT 산업 초기 단계에 정부가 관련 정책 수립하는데 현황을 파악하고, 정부의 역할을 인지하는데 기여할 것으로 기대한다.

홍익대학교 문화예술경영학과 및 경영학과 교수, Hyung Jun Ahn

2021년 이후 본격적으로 대중에게 알려지기 시작한 Non-Fungible Token (NFT)은 혁신적인 문화 현상 및 새로 운 투자 대상으로 주목받아 왔다. 처음에는 주로 디지털 아트를 대상으로 활용되던 NFT는 점차 그 응용 분야가 확대 되어 다양한 분야에 영향을 끼치고 있다. 그러나 짧은 기간 동안 큰 성장을 한 만큼 NFT 기술의 전반적 활용 및 발 전 방향에 대한 이해는 쉽지 않다. 이러한 배경에서 본 연구는 국내 언론 기사들에 대한 빅데이터 분석을 통해 NFT 에 대한 언론의 주요 보도 내용 및 그러한 내용의 변화 추이를 분석하고 이를 통해 그에 대한 통찰을 얻고자 하였다. 구체적으로는 국내의 뉴스 아카이브 서비스 빅카인즈를 통해 2021년 이후의 NFT와 관련된 뉴스 기사를 수집하고, 이를 3개의 기간으로 나누어 토픽 모델링 기법으로 분석하여 각 기간 별로 NFT에 대해 어떠한 주제의 기사들이 작 성되었는지 분석하였다. 분석 결과 각 구간은 인식 형성기, 도입기, 확산기로 구분될 수 있었고, 기간 별 토픽도 그에 따라 뚜렷한 차이점을 보이고 있었으며, 특히 시간이 흐르면서 점차 NFT의 활용이 문화재, 스포츠, 기업 마케팅 등 다양한 분야로 확산되는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

Wooyoung Lee, Duk‐jin Kim, Byeong Ryun Jeon

Recently, interest in the spread of the culture of sharing has been increasing at a social level due to the deepening income polarization, poverty, and the rapid growth of civil society and the importance of public interest activities of private organizations. In 2016, the National Statistical Office conducted a survey on changes in donation attitudes and recognition of donations, items that took up a large part in the area for the spread of the overall donation culture were the convenience of donation methods and the enhancement of transparency of donation organizations. The existing donation system is a way for donors to donate directly to several donor organizations. However, this method has its disadvantage: it is difficult for donors to see how their donations are spent. To address the convenience of such donation methods, based on the platform that is the core of the fourth industrial era, it enables unrestricted interaction in the network environment such as mobile or PC, inducing open participation in talent donation to the general public. Blockchain is a data forgery/modulation prevention technology based on distributed computing technology. Because the block chain records continuously changing data on all participating nodes, it is impossible to arbitrarily manipulate the data by the operators of distributed nodes. Blockchain technology is in the spotlight because it can secure transparency in transactions. In this paper, to solve these problems, we try to introduce the block chain technology into the donation system.

우청원, 이정우, 손수아

The demand for research data sharing and utilization increases. As digital technology develops, research data production and accumulation speed increases, and as convergence research and joint research increase worldwide, demand for sharing and utilization of research data increases. Although there is a research data platform, it is not well shared and utilized. Attempts to solve existing problems increase by incorporating blockchain into research data platforms. Blockchain has been attracting attention as a key technology of the fourth industrial revolution, and the introduction of blockchain to ensure data transparency and integrity in untacted services, which have recently been drawing attention due to Covid-19. The purpose of this study is to identify the areas where blockchain can contribute to sharing and utilizing research data, and to present a plan to build a blockchain-based research data platform. We propose five methods for building blockchain-based research data platforms. First, operators set the purpose and scope of the demand-based research data platform. Existing research data platforms did not reflect different demands by the research field. 1) Demand discovery, 2) demand clarification and typification, and 3) selection of target research field are necessary for determining Blockchain-based research data platform purpose and scope. Incentive structures must be in place to clearly distinguish the roles of the public from the private sector in the research data platform and to allow the private sector to participate in the public research data platform. Second, considering the characteristics of blockchain, application areas should be selected first and the operating system should be prepared. There are issues related to sharing and utilizing research data that are difficult to solve with blockchain, such as difficulty in collecting research data and lack of standardized research data. The blockchain implementation area should be selected based on 1) the possibility of research data collection, 2) degree of standardization, 3) capacity, and production speed. Blockchain specialized data curation that can manage research data quality is needed. Third, the possibility of implementing blockchain technology should be considered. For sharing and utilizing research data, specific blockchain technologies or services should be identified. It can be used while protecting personal information through DID and zero-knowledge proof. Cloud-based distributed storage technology enables storing and transmitting large amounts of research data. Comparison of hash values can fundamentally prevent the falsification of research data. Smart contracts can reduce sharing costs and support an incentive system. Fourth, social acceptability should be expanded by improving perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use. The social acceptability of blockchain-based research data platforms is low. It is necessary to develop services that are differentiated from existing platforms and continue to develop technologies until the number of users reaches critical mass. UX/UI development is needed to increase usability. Lastly, it is necessary to come up with measures to support the development, distribution, and management of blockchain services. It is difficult for small and medium-sized companies to cover the cost of building blockchain services. Public blockchain infrastructure support services are needed so that companies or institutions can develop, distribute, and manage blockchain services. For example, China Blockchain Service Network (BSN) supports local Internet networks and cloud services so that companies or institutions can develop standardized blockchain services.

Eun-Jung Shin, Hyoung‐Goo Kang, Kyounghun Bae

This study investigated the application of a blockchain for promoting the sustainable development of non-profit organizations (NPOs). Transparency and good governance are important for operating NPOs in addition to building trust with relevant stakeholders. NPOs consume a large amount of resources (including funds) to monitor their operations and present their transparency and soundness of governance to interested stakeholders. Blockchain technology can fulfill an NPO’s requirements at a lower cost and with a higher efficiency. We reviewed the existing research on NPO governance and blockchain applications. In addition, through case studies, we identified sustainable development strategies for NPOs involving blockchain technologies to increase donation, reduce cost, enhance transparency, and improve governance structure.

Jang Kyo-Sik

풀뿌리 민주주의 구현을 위한 주민자치회가 두 번의 시범실시를 통하여 드러난 문제점과 시사점을 통하여 향후 성공적인 주민자치회를 위한 방안을 강구할 필요가 있다. 주민자치회의 활성화를 위해서는 우선 입법적 정비를 통해 지방자치법과 지방분권특별법에 보다 명확한 규정의 보완이 필요하고 주민자치법의 제정도 검토해 보아야 한다. 나아가 지방자치를 보다 강화하기 위한 방안으로 주민자치회에 대한 지역적 실정과 특색을 반영하는 조례의 정비도 단행하여야 한다. 주민자치회에 대한 구체적인 내용으로는 주민자치회의 정상적인 운영을 위해서는 재정에 대한 중앙정부에 의존하는 구습을 탈피하여 스스로 재원을 확보하는 다양한 방안이 강구되어야 한다. 또한, 참여민주주의의 실현을 위해 주민자치회는 지방자치단체가 위임 또는 위탁하는 사무에 국한 될 것이 아니고 주민자치회 구역 내의 주민화합과 주민발전을 위한 사항들을 스스로 발굴하여 일반주민들도 주민자치회의 활동과 사업에 적극적으로 참여할 수 있는 다각적인 노력을 경주하여야 한다. 나아가, 주민자치회의 지속적인 발전을 위하여 주민자치회에 다양한 각계각층의 전문가가 참여할 수 있는 기회의 장을 만들고 참여한 위원들의 전문성 강화를 위한 교육과 훈련도 중요하다. 아울러 주민참여를 통한 주민자치를 실현하기 위해서는 지역의 일반주민들의 참여의식을 고취시키는 것이 무엇보다 중요하다. 이를 위해서는 주민자치회 역시 가능한 많은 인원이 주민자치회에 대하여 관심을 갖고 아는 것이 중요하기에 지속적인 교육이 중요하다. 홍보도 가능한 손쉽게 다가갈 수 있도록 하여야 하며 정보통신기술을 활용한 교육 및 홍보체계가 구축되어야 한다. 궁극적으로 이러한 주민자치회의 적극적인 운영은 주민에 대한 근거리 행정을 지역주민이 자치적으로 행하게 됨으로써 지역주민의 참여, 협동, 창의에 힘입어 보다 창의적인 지역자율행정이 전개될 수 있는 계기를 마련하고 성공적 지방분권을 위한 시금석이 되리라 본다.It is necessary to develop a plan for a successful Resident Autonomy Council after viewing the problems and implications seen after witnessing two demonstration by the Resident Autonomy Council, that were promoting a goal of realizing a grassroots democracy. To address the Residents Autonomy Council, it’s required to improve the Local Autonomy Act and Special Act on Decentralization through a legislative investigation and to review the enactment of the Local Autonomy Act. As a way to further support local autonomy, it is important to improve ordinances which reflect local situations and characteristics. Regarding the issues presented by the Residents Autonomy Council, dependence upon the central government for finances should be avoided for the normal operations. In addition, there should be diverse ways to secure resources locally. To realize a participatory democracy, the Residents Autonomy Council’s duties will be limited to the affairs delegated or assigned by local autonomous organizations. There should be multiple efforts made to empower the locals to participate in the Residents Autonomy Council’s projects and activities, hence discovering the matters needed for community harmony and development. For the continued development of the Residents Autonomy Council, it is essential to give experts from diverse fields a chance to participate, lending their knowledge. To realize the potential of the residents it is crucial to improve their consciousness during participation. To this end, many people’s interests must be addressed by the Residents Autonomy Council, and continued education is needed as well. In terms of public relations, the Residents Autonomy Council should be easily accessible. Furthermore, there should be an information and communication technology-based training and PR system. Ultimately, it appears that he promotion of the Resident Autonomy Council could be the turning point in launching a humane and, at the same time, creative local autonomy administration, based on the locals’ participation, collaboration, and creativity. Furthermore, it can be a touchstone for successful decentralization.

류영아, 김필두

The purpose of this study is to analyze the right of autonomy, to investigate the perception of local autonomy, and to propose the key factors which desirable the local decentralization has. The research methods of this study are literature investigations, and central and local public servants surveys and citizens survey. We made an analysis framework focused on the preceding researches, and drew revitalization strategies of the local decentralization. As a result of empirical study, we found that local finance autonomy and local organization autonomy are the most important factors to revitalize the local decentralization. And as a result of depths interview, we found that there are perception differences between central and local public servant about the detailed contents of local finance autonomy, but all interviewees agree that the local finance autonomy should be enhanced.

류영아, 김필두

The purpose of this study is to analyze the right of autonomy, to investigate the perception of local autonomy, and to propose the key factors which desirable the local decentralization has. The research methods of this study are literature investigations, and central and local public servants surveys and citizens survey. We made an analysis framework focused on the preceding researches, and drew revitalization strategies of the local decentralization. As a result of empirical study, we found that local finance autonomy and local organization autonomy are the most important factors to revitalize the local decentralization. And as a result of depths interview, we found that there are perception differences between central and local public servant about the detailed contents of local finance autonomy, but all interviewees agree that the local finance autonomy should be enhanced.

윤영진

This study describes how the function of central government and local governments for social welfare finance should be allocated. Two dimensions are considered to design a policy instrument. One is who provides social welfare service. The other is who burdens the social welfare expenditure. The policy goals toward the decentralization of social welfare finance are to design the optimal allocation of social finance between central government and local governments, and to obtain the territorial justice for social welfare among local governments. The policy instruments toward the decentralization of social welfare finance are as follows. The responsibility of central government for social welfare finance should be expanded. The type of subsidizing social welfare service by central government should be bloc grant. Four dimensions should be considered to design the bloc grant for social welfare. They are the method of finance, the scope of bloc, the ratio of matching by local government, and the performance evaluation.

소순창

In order to attain the national goal of regionally balanced development, a method for enhancing the innovative capacity of the local government, which will be the subject of decentralization, as well as decentralization itself as a legal, systemic device should be studied and theorized. With this perspective, this study performed a preliminary analysis on the composition and assessment of an index to prepare a system that can assess the innovative capacity of a local government. The index was composed of personal factors, physical factors in terms of system, procedure and finance and external environmental factors in terms of politics, economy, society and culture. The validity and the results of the index were reviewed by manipulating and assessing the items and variables in each area. Based on the results, I suggest perspectives on developmental operation by a local government and the embodiment of innovative capacity.

지은구

During recent years, the environmental conditions around the deliverly system of social welfare in South Korea is dramatically changing. Specially, establishment of social welfare office, operation of the committee of community welfare, and decentralization of finance to local government are very important tries to rebuild the social welfare delivery system not only for the people in each local community but for constructing more developed welfare state. The purpose of this paper is to make suggestions about the developmental plan for more successive social welfare deliverly system and find primary conditions setting the system constantly in the changing environmental conditions.

健二 竹原

First, the study is defined first that the welfare finance is a financial system executed by the public responsibility for the welfare user who have the livelihood problem to do human life. Secondly, the welfare finance in the contemporary society clarifies contradiction to which a quasi-surplus value has been raised while a quasi-value of usability of social welfare has been decreased. Finally, the problem of the decentralization type finance to improve the contradiction of the welfare finance is discussed. In a word, the problems are to be expanded local taxes and to construct a local sovereignty and financial system.

John A. Ross, Oliver D. Finnigan

The Korean family planning program from 1964 to 1968 is considered in its entirety. The program is financed primarily by Korean government appropriations (averaging about $2 million in past years from central and local budgets) but also is supported substantially by foreign agencies such as the Population Council SIDA and AID. The Planned Parenthood Federation of Korea working in cooperation with the government is financed by about $200000 yearly from Korean government and foreign sources. The program has offered the IUD condom and vasectomy to every couple without charge. Accomplishments include adoption of the loop or vasectomy by 1/3 of couples with wife below age 45 elicitation of the best response among illiterate and low-income families and in rural areas reduction of crude birth rate by roughly 10% as of 1968 by IUDs inserted through mid-1968 and launching a pill program for IUD drop-outs starting with an unknown method a population of 30 million was informed of it and their approval won. Approaches used in the program have included strong governmental policy; implementation through the existing health structure; decentralization of functions to local and provincial government levels; payment by government of physicians and fieldworkers involved as well as vasectomy acceptors for work lost; high fieldworker density; fixation of target quotas with positive and negative sanctions on workers; and full use of mass media. Problems to be dealt with involve funding doctorless and remote areas and termination rates. The problems have been obtaining the funds; areas that are doctorless and that are remote; the training of workers; funds for maintenance and supply systems; shortcomings of the present contraceptive methods; and the changing of field-worker duties.