This project introduces a blockchain-powered Blood Donation and Emergency Response System, which would provide blood donation, allocation, and emergency delivery secure, transparent and efficient manner for all donors, patients, blood banks, hospitals, ambulance drivers and system administrators involved. Without having to trust traditional records, the system uses blockchain-based digital identities so that every registration, every donation, request, and inventory update is permanent and easy to verify. Blood banks update their inventory on the blockchain for easy real-time tracking of blood supplies. When patients need blood, smart contracts verify availability and automatically execute the process or immediately notify hospitals and suitable donors of the extra units needed without requiring manual coordination. Hospitals can raise urgent requests, also logged onto the blockchain and smart contracts that notify eligible donors directly to their respective email address. System administrators monitor all activity through the admin portal, preventing data tampering and ensuring privacy and security are straightforward. In this manner, the decentralized storage of data, the creation of unchangeable records and the automatic execution of smart contracts reduce delay, fraud and complete traceability, thus dramatically improving the response to emergencies. Above all, this blockchain approach now helps in managing these very important operations of blood supply to make a reliable, tamperproof and location-based mechanism that saves lives where and when it matters.
Ensuring data security and privacy has emerged as a serious concern in the realm of blood supply chain. This is mainly because of sensitivity of donor information, the involvement of multiple stakeholders, and the need for transparent traceability. This paper proposes a novel privacy-preserving, permissioned blockchain framework for blood supply chain management that integrates Hyperledger Fabric, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS), and a Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)-based authentication protocol. The framework introduces a Pseudonymous Role-Bound Zero-Knowledge Authentication (PRZKA) mechanism that enables donors to authenticate and authorize access to their medical data without revealing their real identities. Context-specific pseudonyms derived through cryptographic hash-to-curve operations ensure unlinkability across different healthcare interactions, while Schnorr-style challengeโresponse proofs prevent replay attacks and credential misuse. Sensitive donor information is protected using Fabric Private Data Collections, whereas encrypted medical records are stored off-chain in IPFS, with only secure content identifiers recorded on the blockchain. Smart contracts enforce fine-grained, consent-aware access control policies and maintain immutable audit logs of all access events. The proposed system architecture combines an off-chain ZKP gateway with on-chain authorization logic to minimize blockchain overhead while preserving strong security guarantees. Furthermore, a performance evaluation framework is defined, including metrics, workload scenarios, and system configurations, to support future empirical validation. Security analysis indicates that the proposed framework enhances privacy, prevents identity linkage, and enables auditable, consent-driven data sharing compared with existing blockchain-based healthcare solutions.
Katta Sri Lakshmi Madhavi, Chandan Kumar Shah Kanu, Mallidi Rajasekhar Reddy, Kosuri Gnana Sathvik ยท 5 authors
Management of blood supplies is a very important part of healthcare infrastructure, and the old system is highly dependent on central databases, which cannot be traced, are not transparent, and cannot resist tampering of data. Such restrictions may cause poor coordination, slow emergency response and manipulation of sensitive medical records. To overcome these issues, this paper offers a proposal of distributed ledger architecture to manage blood supply transparently and its tamper-proof. The system that is suggested will exploit blockchain technology and smart contracts to document blood donation, inventory updates, compatibility checks, and allocation transactions in an unalterable and decentralized fashion. To guarantee modularity and scalability, the architecture is designed into layers of components including user interaction, application logic, and blockchain ledger. Smart contracts automate the most important processes like donor validation and blood group matching and minimize human error and administration delays. To achieve privacy and efficiency of the used system, sensitive medical information is stored off-chain, and on-chain cryptographic hash references are used to maintain integrity and auditability. The distributed ledger removes single points of failure and gives a verifiable transaction history available to authoritative stakeholders. This architecture creates a safe, open and resilient architecture that has the potential to enhance trust, coordination and accountability in blood supply networks.
Organ transplantation is life-saving but faces major ethical, logistical, and trust-related challenges. Centralized organ donation workflows are susceptible to delays, data tampering, and opaque allocation decisions. We present a full-stack Blockchain-Based Organ Donation Management System that integrates Ethereum smart contracts to deliver immutable audit trails and transparent allocation events while keeping sensitive clinical data encrypted off-chain. The prototype couples a React + Vite frontend with a Flask backend (PostgreSQL, Web3.py) and minimal on-chain logic in Solidity. Evaluation on a private Ethereum testbed shows correct matching, low end-to-end latency on the local network, and acceptable gas usage when heavy computation is performed off-chain. The design is extensible to Layer-2 scaling and privacy-preserving primitives for real-world deployment.
Abstract - Donation fraud and lack of transparency are major challenges in traditional charity systems, where donors often have limited visibility into how their contributions are utilized. Centralized platforms are prone to data manipulation, unauthorized fund usage, and security breaches, reducing donor confidence. This study explores blockchain-based approaches for securing and accurately managing donation transactions. We review various systems that implement smart contracts, decentralized ledgers, and cryptographic techniques to ensure transparency, traceability, and accuracy in fund distribution. The analysis compares architectural designs, data validation mechanisms, accuracy levels, and security models across existing frameworks. Finally, we highlight current limitations and propose future enhancements to improve scalability, privacy, and real-world implementation of blockchain-based donation management systems. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Contracts, Donation Security, Transparency, Decentralized Ledger, Cryptography, Ethereum, Zero-Knowledge Proofs, Data Accuracy, Trust Management.
R. Suganya, P. J. Sidharth, C. Vinston Jose, P. R. Lighittha ยท 6 authors
This chapter explores the integration of blockchain technology and intelligent automation to address long-standing challenges in the global blood supply chain (BSC). The BSC is frequently plagued by fragmentation, traceability gaps, logistical inefficiencies, and compliance hurdles, all of which compromise patient safety and operational efficiency. By combining permissioned blockchains with smart contracts, Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, federated learning, and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), this chapter proposes a modular architectureโBloodChainโthat enhances transparency, automation, and data privacy across the supply lifecycle. Experimental implementations demonstrate improved traceability, predictive analytics, and compliance with privacy regulations such as GDPR and HIPAA. The chapter concludes with a discussion on interoperability, governance, and future research directions, offering a blueprint for secure, scalable, and intelligent blood logistics in digital healthcare ecosystems.
Lau Wen Xuan, Shamsul Kamal Ahmad Khalid, Lokman Mohd Fadzil
Existing donation platforms suffer from limited transparency, centralized governance, and minimal donor participation in fund allocation decisions. Donors often lack visibility into how their contributions are used and have no role in prioritizing charitable projects. These shortcomings undermine trust and reduce engagement. In this paper, a DAObased blockchain donation system is proposed to address these challenges by enabling decentralized, transparent, and automated governance. Built on the Ethereum blockchain using Ganache, MetaMask, and Solidity smart contracts, the system allows verified donors to vote on project prioritization. Smart contracts autonomously execute fund distribution based on vote proportions, removing administrative discretion. The platform consists of eight functional modules, developed using Agile methodology, and implements key DAO features such as token-based eligibility, one-person-one-vote enforcement, and trustless execution. Functional testing validated 24 key system features, while security tests confirmed strong password policies, MetaMask-based identity, and reCAPTCHA protection. User acceptance testing with total 20 donors and 15 administrators resulted in satisfaction scores of 4โ5 on a 5-point Likert scale. This research demonstrates how DAO principles can be applied to real-world philanthropic ecosystems, transforming donation systems from passive funding channels into participatory, community-governed platforms.
Ch. Rupa, Sai Varshitha. G, D Divya, Thippa Reddy Gadekallu ยท 6 authors
The world faces a severe blood shortage, with a gap of 1.95 million units, highlighting the need for efficient blood allocation and management systems. Traditional cloud and blockchain approaches have been explored for blood bank management but faced implementation challenges. This study proposes designing and developing a decentralized Binance blockchain-based application framework to ensure transparency and security. It uses the AdaBoost algorithm to predict the availability of the nearest blood bank and blood donor. Supply chain management provides transparency without the intervention of third parties thereby preventing blood crimes. Metamask is incorporated for crypto transactions in the Binance Smart Chain test network (BSC). BSC stands out for its low transaction fees and high scalability, enabling swift transaction processing at a fraction of the cost compared to Ethereum. The smart contracts are deployed using hardhat configuration enabling BscScan as an Application Programming Interface (API) gateway to record transactions within the decentralized application (dApp). The proposed system achieved an accuracy of 99.5%, demonstrating the robustness of the AdaBoost model in predicting blood availability. The integration of blockchain technology ensures transparency, immutability, and secure traceability of blood transactions across the network.
Charitable donations play a vital role in supporting humanitarian causes across the globe. However, traditional donation systems frequently encounter significant dispute like insufficient transparency, operational inefficiencies, and vulnerability to fraud or mismanagement. These issues often erode donor trust and create barriers to effective and timely distribution of funds. To overcome these limitations, this paper presents a decentralized donation platform Constructed on the Ethereum blockchain, leveraging smart contracts to enable secure transparent, and tamper-proof transactions. The proposed system enables donors to track their contributions in real time and Guarantees that funds are released solely when specified conditions are fulfilled, thus removing the requirement for third-party intermediaries. A functional prototype was created utilizing the Solidity programming language. and deployed on Ethereum test network. Experimental results show successful automation of donation tracking, verification, and conditional fund release with minimal transaction overhead. The proposed approach significantly enhances transparency, trust, accountability, and operational efficiency, offering a scalable and reliable alternative to traditional donation mechanisms.
The increasing reliance of non-profit organizations (NPOs) on technology has created an opportunity to enhance transparency and trust in charity donation processes. Traditional donation systems often lack transparency, raising concerns about misuse and inefficiency. This study proposes a Blockchain-Based Frame- work for Enhancing Transparency and Traceability in Charity Donations, lever- aging Ethereumโs public-permissioned blockchain to ensure secure, immutable, and traceable transactions. By utilizing smart contracts and distributed ledger technology, the framework enhances donor trust by enabling real-time tracking of donations from the point of contribution to their final allocation. A hybrid qualitative evaluation confirms the systemโs effectiveness in mitigating fraud, eliminating intermediaries, and increasing accountability. The proposed approach offers a scalable and secure solution to modernizing charity donations, addressing long- standing concerns regarding financial transparency and donor confidence.
Effectively managing umbilical cord blood (CB) data involves implementing precise attention and strategic solutions within the healthcare supply chain, driving notable advancements in registration, donation, and preservation compared to regular adult blood. These challenges encompass moral, practical, legal, and technical limitations, fostering a conducive environment for innovative thinking and progress. To ensure a fair and efficient process that improves patient experience, sustainability of the donated cord blood and trust, it is essential to have a peer-to-peer (P2P) umbilical cord blood donation management system. In this work, we propose a framework using the ethereum blockchain to facilitate decentralized, secure, traceable, auditable, accountable, transparent, and reliable management of umbilical cord blood procurement. We showcase the intricacies of our system architecture and sequence diagram, effectively illustrating the operational principles of our groundbreaking proposed solution in information management. At the core of our endeavor is the development of smart contracts, which includes the meticulous processes of algorithm generation, precise implementation, comprehensive testing, and thorough validation. Our rigorous evaluation aims to establish the superior efficacy of our proposed solution through in-depth vulnerability analyses and comprehensive comparisons with existing alternatives.
S Sarumathi, Juliet Johny, Lukas Mol, Ms. Shruti G. Khandare ยท 5 authors
The integration of block chain technology in disaster relief donation processes offers a transformative approach to enhance transparency, efficiency, and trust. Although the conventional methods can be easy to use and reasonably priced, they could not provide the transparency and immutability that block chain-based alternatives provide. The block chain based charity process framework(BECP) aims to overcome the difficulties of conventional methods in terms of transparency and immutability, The Proposed approach explores the implementation of a block chain-based donation system during disasters, highlighting its potential to address longstanding challenges in traditional donation methods. By leveraging the immutable and decentralized nature of block chain, the proposed system ensures secure and traceable transactions, minimizing the risk of fraud and misappropriation of funds. Smart contracts automate the allocation and disbursement of donations, reducing administrative overhead and expediting aid delivery to affected areas. Furthermore, the transparent ledger allows donors to track their contributions in real-time, fostering accountability and encouraging sustained support. This innovative approach leverages distributed ledger technology to create an immutable record of all transactions, ensuring that every donation is traceable and accounted for. This technology not only streamlines the donation process but also fosters trust among donors, beneficiaries, and relief organizations, potentially encouraging increased participation in disaster relief efforts. This study examines the technical architecture, benefits, and potential obstacles of implementing such a system, providing insights into its feasibility and impact on improving the overall effectiveness of disaster relief efforts.
In the context of the increasing importance of digitalization and cybersecurity, exploring the application of blockchain and smart contract technologies in blood donation management aims to enhance data transparency and privacy protection, addressing challenges in current healthcare systems. This paper explores the transformative potential of blockchain and smart contract technologies in digitalizing the blood donation process. By leveraging the Ethereum platform and employing a Browser/Server (B/S) architecture integrated with Solidity programming and web development practices, this paper proposes a novel framework designed to enhance the transparency, digitalization, and shared accessibility of blood donation data. The implementation of this system within a healthcare context promises to streamline the donation process, ensuring the integrity and confidentiality of donor data, thereby fostering trust among all stakeholders involved. The findings indicate that the application of blockchain technology not only facilitates a more efficient and secure management of blood donation records but also sets a precedent for future healthcare innovations.
Both natural and man-made disaster leave thousands of people in vulnerable and in need for essential aid. While individuals generously donate resources, traditional donation management systems suffer from limitations. Centralized control, opaque transactions, and potential corruption often hinder aid delivery and leave victims in despair. This paper proposes a novel Ethereum blockchain-based system for transparent and secure disaster donation management. Utilizing smart contracts, the system ensures traceability, accountability, and immutability of donations, empowering donors and fostering trust. This paper presents the system's architecture, detailing its components and interactions through sequence diagrams and algorithms. Additionally, successful testing on the Sepolia Ethereum testnet validates its functionality. To assess its effectiveness, a cost and security analysis is conducted. This blockchain-based framework offers a promising solution for transparent and efficient disaster response, potentially revolutionizing donation management. Further research, particularly on donation allocation optimization within the system holds immense potential for future development.
Phishing scams are one of Ethereum's most representative security risks that can defraud many transactions in a short period and severely threaten network security. Existing deep learning-based phishing scam detection methods mainly rely on constructing static transaction graphs which are assumed to be accessible before model training. However, static methods that have a high false positive rate to detect newly generated phishing scams by adding this newly generated data to existing algorithms for execution, due to new accounts and transactions constantly appearing in the real-world Ethereum network. Therefore, this article, for the first time, proposes a novel evolve-based phishing scams detection method (named GrabPhisher) that extracts temporal features of accounts and captures information about the dynamic topology of the graph as it evolves. Specifically, GrabPhisher can build the evolutionary pattern of accounts trading on Ethereum as a diffusion network graph in continuous time. It can continue to capture new transaction features based on existing transactions, which facilitates the identification of phishing accounts. Additionally, we implement GrabPhisher on the real-world Ethereum phishing scams datasets. Extensive experimental results demonstrate that GrabPhisher can effectively extract dynamic temporal features and outperform state-of-the-art methods (95% Recall, and 88% F1-score).
The complexity of organ donation and transplantation in today's healthcare systems need specialized methods at several stages, including registration, donor-recipient matching, organ retrieval, delivery, and transplantation. In order to ensure justice, efficiency, patient happiness, and confidence, a comprehensive solution is required to address the legal, clinical, ethical, and technical difficulties. This paper proposes to use a private Ethereum blockchain to create a decentralized, secure, traceable, auditable, private, and trustworthy system. By creating smart contracts and putting six algorithms into practice, we offer comprehensive insights into validation and testing. We demonstrate the efficacy of our suggested approach using a comparative analysis with current solutions andprivacy, security, and confidentiality studies. Adopting a private Ethereum blockchain- based solution also has benefits over conventional centralized systems. Decentralization lowers the possibility of bias or manipulation by ensuring that no one party controls the entire process. Furthermore, the immutability and transparency that come with blockchain technology improve confidence between all parties involved, including regulators, donors, beneficiaries, and medical experts. KEYWORDS: Blockchain, Organ Donation, Organ Transplantation, Decentralization, Smart Contracts, Ethereum, Traceability, Data Privacy And Security.
Leela Sri SaiGanesh Patchipulusu, R. Jeberson Retna Raj, Pavan Parjapnoar
Organ donation and transplant is paramount important in healthcare services organizations. The donor and receiver details must be secured and their privacy has to be preserved. Current systems are centralized and lack of trust and managing such information. Therefore, the need of the hour is to evolve an innovative solution to enhance the transparency and trust in the organ donation process. With the support of blockchain technology, the details of donor and recipient details can be stored in a distributed ledger so that the privacy and trustworthiness of the users is maintained. This paper presents a novel approach utilizing blockchain technology to address the challenges in organ donation and distribution. This work leverages the immutability and decentralization features of blockchain, this solution aims to improve the reliability of organ allocation, by ensuring transparency and maintaining trust among stakeholders. The proposed system utilizes a blockchain network to securely store and manage organ-related data, including donor information, recipient profiles, and medical records are updated in the ledger and is validated by all the stakeholders includes hospitals, organ procurement organizations, and patients. This transparency eliminates the possibilities of fraud or manipulation, ultimately fostering trust within the system. Furthermore, the blockchain-based platform incorporates smart contracts to automate and streamline various aspects of the organ donation process. The system is implemented and tested with the simulation environment and the test results are very promising. The system provides a reliable, efficient, and accountable platform for organ allocation, ultimately saving more lives.