Asan Nainar, Vigneshwaran, S. Surya, Saran Kumar · 5 authors
This blockchain-based decentralized ecommerce project aims to create a platform that enables buyers and sellers to interact and transact directly without the need for intermediaries. The project utilizes blockchain technology to ensure security, transparency, and immutability of transactions, and also incorporates Firebase and Moralis Web3 to provide seamless integration with existing web platforms. Firebase is a cloud-based platform that offers various services, including authentication, real-time database, and hosting, which are crucial in providing a secure and efficient e-commerce experience. Moralis Web3, on the other hand, provides a backend-as-a-service for web3 applications, allowing developers to interact with the Ethereum blockchain easily. In summary, this blockchain-based decentralized e-commerce project offers an efficient, secure, and cost-effective platform for buyers and sellers to engage in transactions without intermediaries. The integration of Firebase and Moralis Web3 enhances the platform's usability, making it accessible to a wider audience.
Wensheng Gan, Zhenqiang Ye, Shicheng Wan, Philip S. Yu
With the rapid growth of the Internet, human daily life has become deeply bound to the Internet. To take advantage of massive amounts of data and information on the internet, the Web architecture is continuously being reinvented and upgraded. From the static informative characteristics of Web 1.0 to the dynamic interactive features of Web 2.0, scholars and engineers have worked hard to make the internet world more open, inclusive, and equal. Indeed, the next generation of Web evolution (i.e., Web 3.0) is already coming and shaping our lives. Web 3.0 is a decentralized Web architecture that is more intelligent and safer than before. The risks and ruin posed by monopolists or criminals will be greatly reduced by a complete reconstruction of the Internet and IT infrastructure. In a word, Web 3.0 is capable of addressing web data ownership according to distributed technology. It will optimize the internet world from the perspectives of economy, culture, and technology. Then it promotes novel content production methods, organizational structures, and economic forms. However, Web 3.0 is not mature and is now being disputed. Herein, this paper presents a comprehensive survey of Web 3.0, with a focus on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article first introduces a brief overview of the history of World Wide Web as well as several differences among Web 1.0, Web 2.0, Web 3.0, and Web3. Then, some technical implementations of Web 3.0 are illustrated in detail. We discuss the revolution and benefits that Web 3.0 brings. Finally, we explore several challenges and issues in this promising area.
Since the first appearance of the World Wide Web, individuals have increasingly relied on the Internet for cyber social activities. The second phase of the World Wide Web, known as Web 2.0, has extensively attracted worldwide people who participate in creating and enjoying the virtual realm. Today, the next Internet revolution, Web3, will open new opportunities for conventional social models. The decentralization property of Web3 is capable of breaking the monopoly of Internet corporations. Moreover, Web3 will lead to a paradigm shift from the Web functioning solely as a publishing medium to one that fosters intensive interaction and participation. This shift will profoundly influence the interactions between users and platforms, relationships within production networks, and global economic models. As a result, it is necessary that this article technically, practically, and more broadly take an overview of Web3. This article presents a comprehensive survey of Web3, focusing on current technologies, challenges, opportunities, and outlook. This article first introduces several key technologies underlying Web3. Then, some types of Web3 applications (e.g., blockchain) are illustrated in detail. Blockchain and smart contracts ensure decentralized organizations are less trusted and more truthful than centralized ones. Decentralized finance will be global, and open with financial inclusiveness for unbanked people. This article also discusses the relationship between the Metaverse and Web3, including the differences and similarities between Web 3.0 and Web3. Drawing inspiration from Maslow’s hierarchy of needs theory, a novel hierarchy of needs theory within Web3 is proposed. Finally, several worthwhile future research directions of Web3 are discussed.
NFT Club - An attempt to generalize a concept that is pretty known to the public but needs to be understood clearly. NFT or Non-Fungible Tokens are digital assets that are traded on platforms made on the blockchain with the help of cryptocurrencies. Our effort in this project is to create an NFT trading platform that is hassle-free for the normal public to understand and operate on. People can buy and sell NFTs via standard trading means of cryptocurrencies. To provide an Ethereum environment on the front-end part of the application we will implement the Web3.js library. There are various other technologies at play to make this idea possible e.g. we are using MetaMask, from which users may send and receive Ethereum-based coins and tokens, broadcast transactions, save and manage account keys, and securely connect to decentralized applications using a suitable web browser or the built-in browser of the mobile app. Solidity will be used to create the decentralized platforms, an object-oriented, high-level language used for targeting Ethereum Virtual Machine. We hope that through this project we’ll be successful in easing the process of making people understand that NFT is an accessible commodity to interact and trade with and their assets are safe with evolving platforms such as Blockchain.
Bousselham El haddaoui, Raddouane Chiheb, Rdouan Faizi, Abdellatif El Afia
Decentralized Web (Web3) and Finance (DeFi) have become the main discussion topic in research and industry fields.Cryptocurrencies, as an essential part of DeFi, enjoyed the interest of many stakeholders such as companies, professionals, researchers, and even common citizens eager to benefit from the proposed ecosystems.Although previous research studies focused on establishing price prediction systems using Sentiment Analysis (SA) techniques, the main focus of these studies was the performance of the predictive system rather than the accuracy and efficiency of the used models.In our work, we address two research questions; the predictability of cryptocurrency price based on past social and technical information, and the effect of social features on cryptocurrency price fluctuations using an SA and a Time Series approach.A combination of selected social and technical features was processed and reframed as a prediction problem, then studied to assess the ability of our model to predict the desired price.We noted that there is both an explicit correlation for some considered features and implicit for others, also social features including overall positive and neutral sentiment, and community engagement improved the performance of our model.
Yusra Mohammed AlRoshdi, Mohammed Al-Badawi, Abdullah Al-Hamdani, Mohamed Sarrab
Decentralized Web (Web3) and Finance (DeFi) have become the main discussion topic in research and industry fields.Cryptocurrencies, as an essential part of DeFi, enjoyed the interest of many stakeholders such as companies, professionals, researchers, and even common citizens eager to benefit from the proposed ecosystems.Although previous research studies focused on establishing price prediction systems using Sentiment Analysis (SA) techniques, the main focus of these studies was the performance of the predictive system rather than the accuracy and efficiency of the used models.In our work, we address two research questions; the predictability of cryptocurrency price based on past social and technical information, and the effect of social features on cryptocurrency price fluctuations using an SA and a Time Series approach.A combination of selected social and technical features was processed and reframed as a prediction problem, then studied to assess the ability of our model to predict the desired price.We noted that there is both an explicit correlation for some considered features and implicit for others, also social features including overall positive and neutral sentiment, and community engagement improved the performance of our model.
Regardless of which community, incentivizing users is a necessity for well-sustainable operations. In the blockchain-backed Web3 communities, known for their transparency and security, airdrop serves as a widespread incentive mechanism for allocating capital and power. However, it remains a controversy on how to justify airdrop to incentive and empower the decentralized governance. In this paper, we use ParaSwap as an example to propose a role taxonomy methodology through a data-driven study to understand the characteristic of community members and the effectiveness of airdrop. We find that users receive more rewards tend to take positive actions towards the community. We summarize several arbitrage patterns and confirm the current detection is not sufficient in screening out airdrop hunters. In conjunction with the results, we discuss from the aspects of interaction, financialization, and system design to conclude the challenges and possible research directions for decentralized communities.
Web 3.0 atau dikenal juga dengan Web3 atau Web 3 merupakan salah satu terobosan dalam dunia internet. Kehadiran Web 3.0 tidak hanya dapat menafsirkan secara akurat apa yang diketikkan ke dalam mesin pencarian, tetapi juga benar-benar memahami semua yang dikirimkan, baik melalui teks, audio, atau media lainnya. Trilema blockchain yaitu terdesentralisasi, dapat diskalakan, dan aman adalah masalah yang dipelajari dengan baik oleh para peneliti dan pelaku pasar. Mekanisme konsensus Satoshi Plus pada blockchain CORE yang memanfaatkan hashrate penambangan Bitcoin dan Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM). Solusi untuk trilema tersebut adalah konsensus Satoshi Plus yang menggabungkan Proof of Work (PoW) dan Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) untuk memanfaatkan kekuatan masing-masing sekaligus memperbaiki kekurangannya masing-masing.
Blockchain technology might change healthcare by increasing patient experience (Px) in terms of patient-centeredness, trust, transparency, and medical data ownership. However, healthcare blockchain-Px research is few. This study aims to enhance healthcare blockchain deployment from a Px standpoint. Three particular aims are to (1) perform a complete literature assessment of current research on blockchain technology and Px in healthcare, (2) identify gaps in existing research and suggest a strategy to bridge the gap between blockchain technology and Px, and (3) evaluate value co-creation. A narrative review was utilized to seek and examine 2017–2022 literature. "Blockchain," "patient experience," "digital health," "customer experience," "healthcare," "telemedicine," "eHealth," "value co-creation," and "blockchain implementation" were searched in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus. Inclusion and exclusion criteria ensured that only relevant content was reviewed. Review focus, research design, and article publication dates determined the criteria. The literature was summarized to highlight main themes and research gaps. Blockchain technology may create more patient-centered, data-driven healthcare systems, the analysis concluded. It also emphasized the risks and challenges of using blockchain technology in healthcare, such as changing the therapeutic relationship between patients and clinicians and preserving patients' medical data. Blockchain technology in healthcare requires patient-provider value co-creation. The review suggested bridging blockchain technology with Px and suggested additional study. Blockchain technology in healthcare, value co-creation for effective adoption, and web3 apps' effects on Px need further study.
—In the second decade of the twenty-first century, blockchain is considered one of the most popular computer technologies. Blockchain is a zero-trust network, making it a potent tool for various services provided that people are ready to believe and invest in it. In the Ethereum world, the blockchain runs on smart contracts, self-executing applications that come at the cost of security. As technology is used increasingly, Election is facing new issues of trust and management. Therefore, E-voting systems are increasingly acceptable because they are more accurate, reliable, practical, and secure. This research purpose is to propose a decentralized elections application based on Ethereum; the application was developed using the Truffle development framework. The actions of the software were written into an Ethereum smart contract, which was then deployed on the Ethereum network. A web interface had been used to read the user's vote before it was broadcast to the Ethereum network through the web3.js API. The ganache was utilized as the Ethereum client. Metalmark was used as a wallet on a website, and the remix was used to deploy the smart contract on the main network, the results of implementing the proposed system show that the cost of each transaction is not stable, its increases with the increase the network load, and the throughput ends up at 14 transactions per second.
A benchmark is a measurement of a systems performance against another systems performance. A proper workload is relevant, reproducible, fair, verifiable, and usable [24]. A proper workload is also standardized between the systems being measured, as to produce comparable results. The Transaction Processing Performance Council (TPC) provides a range of database benchmarks including standardized benchmarks for transaction processing, decision support, and virtualization. These benchmarks provide external parties with results that are comparable between systems and lead to informed decisions when choosing the best system for a given task. This standardization of benchmarks across the blockchain industry is necessary for the adoption of blockchain technology. Currently, blockchain organizations benchmark in-house using their own workloads, runtime environments, and definition of metrics. As such, the results of a given blockchain organization are not comparable to the results of another blockchain organization. In this thesis we explore the problems within blockchain benchmarking, our proposed framework for developing standardized blockchain benchmarks, and our implementation of this framework in a web3 focused benchmark for layer-1 blockchains.
Headless brands challenge the idea that a brand is centralised and our assumptions about what a brand is and how it works. Headless brands refer to community-driven brand dynamics, without a centralised managerial body. This paper shows the rise of headless brands, how the idea of branding evolved, as well as the challenges they face. To do this, it illustrates the wider context of evolving brandconsumer relationships and explores how fandom, communities, cryptocurrencies and decentralisation are transforming the very nature of what a brand can be. It concludes by discussing how brands can take advantage of these trends to remain future fit.
Mohammad Hadi Zahedi, Elham Farahani, Karim Peymani
Metaverse is a new type of social network based on Web3 and has multi-technology, decentralized and hyperspatial temporal features. In the Metaverse world, people play roles online and in 3D in the form of avatars. Therefore, the fields of electronic education can also take advantage of this new potential and provide the path of changes for availability and sustainability in the future. Until now, most of the research regarding the discussion of Metaverse and e-Learning has been around the benefits and the possibility of implementing educational systems on this platform, and they have focused more on the progress that Metaverse has made so far, and an educational system based on Metaverse has not yet been operationally implemented. All items are at the design level and in the best case, only a 3D environment is created to present the content non-dynamically. In this paper, we will present a Metaverse virtual e-Learning environment model, all the basic and infrastructural elements, and we will show the ideal mechanisms and technologies and their challenges. This model will lead to the easy development of Metaverse applications in the field of e-Learning.
The paper discusses the current state and development prospects of Web3 and decentralized autonomous organizations in comparison with Web 2.0. The problems of interaction between participants of decentralized autonomous organizations within the virtual space and integration of a decentralized autonomous organization with the outside world through network inducement algorithms are raised. The possible implementation of such interactions is considered on the example of TheOoL DAO. The functionality of TheOoL DAO is briefly disclosed, aimed at ensuring the security of participants in a decentralized autonomous organization, the complete suppression of the "digital footprint" they leave. The classes and forms of financial relationships of participants in a decentralized autonomous organization are determined. A mathematical model of billing in the serverless secure Internet TheOoL DAO on smart contracts is presented as an integral part of the TheOoL cloud computing and data storage subsystem. This system provides guaranteed automatic payment for services for the provision of computing power for storing and processing data or performing computing tasks and, at the same time, performs the functions of fully automatic control over the execution of the terms of a smart contract by the owners of these capacities. The presented billing system blocks the transfer of personal information between the customer and the service provider, which ensures the privacy and security of the execution of smart contracts.
There are a huge number of centralized entities that have a stronghold on huge swathes of the sector of the world wide web, taking unilateral action to determine what is and is not permissible. This dilemma is resolved by Web3 which embraces decentralization and is being built, operated, and owned by its users. Web3 places power inside the hands of people rather than agencies. For lovers and customers, NFT (Non-Fungible Token) represents a brand-new era of digital collection. So, it is a new manner to support artists, athletes, and musicians without any third-party intermediaries. For creators, artists, and musicians, NFT is a new manner to share and monetize their work. There were a number of troubles and issues surrounding the sale of digital products because it was very easy to duplicate and claimed through others. Our aim is to provide a decentralized platform to users from which they can list or buy these NFTs from the seller and the transactions between the buyer and seller will not be overlooked by some central authorities.
Hafiz Aliyev, Ahmet Faruk Aysan, Umar Nawaz Kayani
This article discusses the impact of new financial technologies, such as Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) on traditional industries such as art, sports, and game, while focusing on the recently formed "Metaverse" market. As a component of the overall blockchain ecosystem, the history of the establishment of NFT is analyzed. The impact of Web3 and intelligent contracts on Fintech are also investigated. This study examines the general trends in the NFTs market, including their price formation, price-influencing factors, and available patterns. Then the paper provides classifications and examples of NTFs. Besides, the technological application and primary technical path are also described. Later, the paper assesses the market's and marketplaces' accessibility. Finally, this study evaluates the management applications of NFTs and analyzes existing platforms, and demonstrates how they can be implemented effectively in various settings. The concluding portion discusses technological obstacles. The study concludes with a discussion of potential applications for the results and prospects for future research.
Elnaz Rabieinejad, Abbas Yazdinejad, Reza M. Parizi, Ali Dehghantanha
Ethereum blockchain has shown great potential in providing the next generation of the decentralized platform beyond crypto payments. Recently, it has attracted researchers and industry players to experiment with developing various Web3 applications for the Internet of Things (IoT), Defi, Metaverse, and many more. Although Ethereum provides a secure platform for developing decentralized applications, it is not immune to security risks and has been a victim of numerous cyber attacks. Adversarial attacks are a new cyber threat to systems that have been rising. Adversarial attacks can disrupt and exploit decentralized applications running on the Ethereum platform by creating fake accounts and transactions. Detecting adversarial attacks is challenging because the fake materials (e.g., accounts and transactions) as malicious payloads are similar to benign data. This article proposes a model using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) and Deep Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) for cyber threat hunting in the Ethereum blockchain. Firstly, we employ GAN to generate fake transactions using genuine Ethereum transactions as the first phase of the proposed model. Then in the second phase, we utilize bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) to identify adversarial transactions in a hunting exercise. The results of the first phase evaluation show that the GAN can generate transactions identical to the actual Ethereum transactions with an accuracy of 82.51%. Also, the results of the second phase show 99.98% accuracy in identifying adversarial transactions.
Bank record security management is vital to the financial security of every nation. It aims to safeguard residents' as well as government income, determines eligibility for social assistance, and has a substantial influence on a country's foreign relations, economy and reputation. Numerous efforts are now ongoing throughout the globe to increase and improve security in the financial industry, especially in developing nations where demand is highest. It is common knowledge that the qualities of blockchain technology promote efficiency, transparency, and confidence. Concerns over data security, the danger of cybercrime, and the efficacy of bank system security are growing, especially in nations like Zambia that are still developing. Even after years later, it seems the banks and Ministry of Finance are unable to verify and assure the country's money is 100% secure, even inside the banks, according to information acquired and based on several interviews about bank security, the existence of a firewall is where all faith lies. Even after registration, there is no guarantee that client information is entirely secure and inaccessible to unauthorized third parties. This raises concerns and dangers about deceit being possible. In Zambia's bank record security management, there have been instances of illegal data changes and more recently, a cybercrime-related data breach. Throughout the years, government and public monies have been misappropriated without any documents to indicate what transpired or what happened to the revenue, and who knows what else. If the institution's information system is made safer and more dependable, process verification problems may be resolved. This research has been engaged with the aim of developing model design that employs blockchain technology principles to enhance Zambia's Record Security Management in banks. The later section of this research has an inclusion of a summary of the various literature about blockchain technology and Bank Record Security Management that is relevant. It describes the standard registry, storage, and operations, as well as a general description of blockchain, including its characteristics and uses. It demonstrates that using blockchain technology might boost efficiency by decreasing human labour and paper processing, and by giving clear provenance that verifies the origin of products. It may be used in industries such as health, education, agriculture, real estate, Bank record Security Management, etc. It also proves that smart contracts have a vast future potential, and that Ethereum is one of the most suitable platforms for constructing distributed applications using smart contracts. To fulfil the objective of the research, it was important to investigate Zambia's Record Security Management procedures in order to uncover continuing problems related with unauthorized alterations and other reported concerns. The Bank Blockchain Adoption Framework guided the examination of process mapping, stages and data. The results allow us to break Bank RSM into three phases: registration, verification and lastly, storage. Using a flowchart process diagram, network architecture, use cases, and technological development diagrams, a full design solution is shown. This project in design science offers a blockchain-based application architecture that will enhance the existing Bank Record Security Management System. It is proposed that the blockchain network be used to share datasets between banks, other financial organizations, and other informatics under the Ministry of Home Affairs Security. On the other hand, a centralized server will be an operating node in the blockchain network that is where records will be stored digitally. The research built a novel registration method on the Ethereum blockchain on Binance Smart Chain using the React App client, which in this case is the NodeJS server's web interface. The architecture was used to assess a smart contract's verification implementation. The NodeJS Server uses the web3 library plugin to interface with the Ethereum client network. Bank Record Security Management based on blockchain technology may enhance the security and integrity of banks and nations. This study's contribution may be utilized for additional research in each of the aforementioned application areas to uncover potential benefits and drawbacks.
Micromobility IoT devices and Connected Vehicles generate massive mobility data, crucial for time-critical safety-related data analytics. It is challenging to study and understand such data without compromising user privacy. We propose AFFIRM, a secure privacy-preserving blockchain framework for efficient, scalable and lightweight mobility data generation, validation, storage and retrieval in future Web3 applications. AFFIRM enables nearby devices to self-organize as a fog network and collaboratively train machine learning algorithms locally to securely generate, validate, store and retrieve mobility data via consensus leveraging Information Centric Networking as the underlying architecture. The proposed collaborative learning enables nodes to learn and adapt with respect to parameters related to scalability, timeliness, security, privacy, and resource consumption. We evaluate AFFIRM using mobility data from New York city and results shows it to scalably store mobility data from up to 700 devices with lower delays and overhead.
The typical method of keeping track of medical records uses paper and centralised systems, which introduces a great deal of uncertainty and can lead to inaccurate information, identity theft, a lack of accessibility, and other problems. With the use of blockchain technology, which offers us security, availability, and integrity, this study seeks to address these problems. Using this, the records can be safeguarded and accessible from anywhere, at any time. This blockchain-based solution can protect a patient's life in an emergency since all of the records can be viewed in one location without the inconvenience of running various tests. Re-chain a secure blockchain-based digital medical health record management system was developed to solve the problems with the centralized and traditional system. It is based on the Ethereum network and uses web3.storage which is an Interplanetary File System (IPFS) system to store files in a decentralized manner.
D Sivaganesan, A S Kareshmmaa, A K Sharan Shankar, Anitha Petricia B
The pharmaceutical industry's crucial task is to look after the medicines while they are being transported, by ensuring ideal storage conditions and keeping track of the complete medications sent to prevent risky scenarios. These three classifications are used by WHO: falsified, substandard, and unregistered/unlicensed. The need for sophisticated tools to identify fabricated pharmaceuticals will rise as criminals grow craftier. To identify phoney and substandard drugs, new technologies are continually being developed. A substantial lack of transparency in the current system makes it difficult for patients to understand the cost of acquired medications, making counterfeit drugs a prime issue. Moreover, if there are accusations of illegal or unethical behaviours, it could be difficult to look into supply chain tampering. The blockchain technology was employed. Two parties' transactions can be efficiently and permanently recorded using an open, distributed ledger like blockchain. Blockchains are transparent, decentralized, distributed, and unchangeable, which makes them an ideal solution for the problem of fake medications. This study proposes a mechanism for the safe distribution of medications throughout the whole supply chain. Each product in the chain can be moved between chain associates who have been confirmed using an event request-response approach. A product may be traced back to its source thanks to smart contracts, which are used to record all transactions between entities onto the blockchain. A DApp is made using the React Framework. On a local blockchain that Ganache provided, the smart contracts were put into action. The blockchain connection between the DApp and Web3.js is made possible by the Truffle framework. The outcomes of the studies show that our method is practical and marginally more secure than existing solutions.
Adrian Petcu, Bogdan Pahonțu, Mădălin Frunzete, Dan Alexandru Stoichescu
Over the past decade, there has been significant evolution in the security field, specifically in the authentication and authorization part. The standard authentication protocol nowadays is OAuth 2.0-based authentication. This method relies on a third-party authentication service provider with complete control over the users’ data, which it can filter or modify at will. Blockchain and decentralization have generated much interest in recent years, and the decentralized web is considered the next significant improvement in the world wide web (also known as Web 3.0). Web3 authentication, also known as decentralized authentication, allows for the secure and decentralized authentication of users on the web. The use cases for this technology include online marketplaces, social media platforms, and other online communities that require user authentication. The advantages of Web3 authentication include increased security and privacy for users and the ability for users to have more control over their data. The proposed system implementation uses Ethereum as the blockchain and a modern web stack to enhance user interaction and usability. The solution brings benefits both to the private and the public sector, proving that it has the capability of becoming the preferred authentication mechanism for any decentralized web application.