Valentyn Bannikov, Stanislav Petko, Олександр Семенов, Олександр Журба · 5 authors
Introduction: this paper discusses and analyzes how blockchain technologies and smart contracts apply to automate assurance management processes with sustainability using a perspective model. The increase in demand for systems that are clear and secure in the automation of management processes calls for innovations such as blockchain and smart contracts. Objective: the objectives of the article are to identify the status of blockchain and smart contract adoption in many management processes; to consider the effect these technologies have on the efficiency, transparency, and sustainability of management operations.Methodology: we used regression and Markov analysis simulations to analyze the impacts of blockchain technologies on the management processes. The case study data were used to predict the long-term sustainability impacts, and simulations were carried out. Results: the regression established a positive but substantial effect of the adoption of blockchain technologies on the efficiency of management processes. 75 % of the efficiency score varies with the level of blockchain adoption. Simulations done using the Markov chain also showed that under the highest level of blockchain adoption, there is an effectivity of 90 percent where management processes would have improved and be efficient for the remaining ten years. The simulations also attested that partial adoption still offered a 70 % probability of sustained improvements.Conclusions: this paper provides strong evidence through regression analysis and Markov simulations showing the influence of these technologies. The ability of organizations to focus on innovative solutions toward sustainable management results is therefore realized
Hassan Khalid, Saeed Moradi, Shaiful Chowdhury, Sara Rouhani
The rise of decentralized applications (dApps) has made smart contracts imperative components of blockchain technology. As many smart contracts process financial transactions, their security is paramount. Moreover, the immutability of blockchains makes vulnerabilities in smart contracts particularly challenging because it requires deploying a new version of the contract at a different address, incurring substantial fees paid in Ether. This paper proposes Ethstractor, the first smart contract collection tool for gathering a dataset of versioned smart contracts. The collected dataset is then used to evaluate the reliability of code metrics as indicators of vulnerabilities in smart contracts. Our findings indicate that code metrics are ineffective in signalling the presence of vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we investigate whether vulnerabilities in newer versions of smart contracts are mitigated and identify that the number of vulner-abilities remains consistent over time. Finally, we examine the removal of self-admitted technical debt in contracts and uncover that most of the introduced debt has never been subsequently removed.
The maritime industry has increasingly integrated advanced technologies such as AI, Blockchain, Big Data, and IoT, transforming traditional port operations into smart facilities aimed at enhancing global trade competitiveness. A particular focus has been on improving tracking and tracing services, with Blockchain technology emerging as pivotal for ensuring data integrity, transparency, and traceability across supply chains. This article proposes a blockchain-based tracking and tracing system model tailored for monitoring containers in Moroccan ports. Utilizing the Unified Modeling Language (UML), the model seeks to optimize resource allocation and boost stakeholder satisfaction through detailed diagrams and functional data requirements depiction. Despite challenges such as IoT terminal platform connectivity and operator resitance, successful implementation was achieved, establishing a foundational framework for a comprehensive container monitoring system. This model provides valuable insights for supply chain professionals and scholars interested in item tracking, aiming to integrate Blockchain with technologies like RFID, GPS, RTLS, QR Codes, BLE, and IoT sensors to enhance port operation efficiency and container management effectiveness. By leveraging these integrated technologies, ports can further improve operational efficiency and ensure accurate traceability of containers throughout the supply chain, contributing to overall trade facilitation and economic growth
The subject of this article is consideration of modern blockchain solutions and their potential use in the context of digital asset protection. Various aspects of blockchain technology are explored, including consensus mechanisms, security levels, and functionality. The goal of the work is a systematic analysis and justification of the application of various blockchain solutions for the protection of digital assets. The article is aimed at determining the effectiveness and feasibility of using specific blockchain protocols and their functional elements to ensure the safety, reliability, and integrity of digital assets. The following tasks were solved in the article: consideration of modern blockchain technologies and consideration of their role in ensuring the security of digital assets. Conducting a detailed analysis of popular blockchain protocols, including Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger Fabric, with a focus on their security against various types of cyber threats and attacks. The following methods are used: analysis of blockchain protocols, expert evaluations of the effectiveness of protection of digital assets, and study of the technical features of each solution. The following results were obtained: clearly defined advantages and disadvantages of each protocol were obtained, taking into account their applicability in the field of digital assets in various fields of application, such as semantic analysis of texts, E-Learning, Big Data, DDP-systems, finance, etc. In addition, the issue of network privacy in the context of information protection was investigated and justifies the choice of the optimal blockchain solution for a specific use. Conclusions: The article provides readers with an overview of how to effectively use blockchain to ensure the reliability and security of digital assets in a variety of usage scenarios. In today's digital world, where the value of digital assets is growing exponentially, protecting them from cyber threats becomes a critical task. Blockchain technologies, originally developed for cryptocurrencies, have gained recognition as an effective tool in the field of cyber security. The importance of standardization and regulation in the field of blockchain technologies to ensure their effective integration and compliance with the requirements of the law is put forward.
This paper examines business model implementations in three leading European smart cities: London, Amsterdam, and Berlin. Through a systematic literature review and comparative analysis, the study identifies and analyzes various business models employed in these urban contexts. The findings reveal a diverse array of models, including public–private partnerships, build–operate–transfer arrangements, performance-based contracts, community-centric models, innovation hubs, revenue-sharing models, outcome-based financing, and asset monetization strategies. Each city leverages a unique combination of these models to address its specific urban challenges and priorities. The study highlights the role of PPPs in large-scale infrastructure projects, BOT arrangements in transportation solutions, and performance-based contracts in driving efficiency and accountability. It also explores the benefits of community-centric models, innovation hubs, revenue-sharing models, outcome-based financing, and asset monetization strategies in enhancing the sustainability, efficiency, and livability of smart cities. The paper offers valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers seeking to advance smart city development worldwide.
The purpose of this article is to consider the prospects for the integration of blockchain and artificial intelligence (hereinafter referred to as AI) as an innovative approach to modernisation of various economic sectors. The authors analyse the possibilities of using this technological merger to optimise business processes, increase transparency and reduce transaction costs in different sectors, including finance, healthcare, transport, energy, etc. Particular attention is paid to the benefits of synergy between AI and distributed ledger technology, which allows for more efficient and sustainable systems of managing data and assets. The research object in this article is the process of integrating blockchain and AI. The subject of the study is the effectiveness of modernisation of various economic sectors through the combination of these technologies. The research method is an analytical review of scientific publications and successful implemented projects. The results of the current article lie in the analysis of the advantages of integrating blockchain and AI as well as forecasting further prospects for the development of this area. The practical significance of the work consists in the fact that the obtained results can be used to design strategies and plans for the implementation of this technology integration into domestic business.
K P Premalatha, Kuldip Kumar Sahu, Murli Manohar Gour
This paper explores the performance of implemented cryptography algorithms used for various blockchain technologies, which include Bitcoin, Ethereum, and Hyperledger. Diverse techniques for assessing cryptographic algorithm implementations and their relative performances are mentioned, inclusive of efficiency (variety of bits processed in step with unit time), strength intake, and hardware overhead. Through studying the computational complexity, conversation complexity, and garage ability, the paper assesses commonplace operations together with key era, key alternate, virtual signature, and encryption/decryption for a ramification of algorithms. Further, the scalability of the algorithms on big networks is tested and analyzed. ultimately, an assessment of the security of the algorithms is executed by measuring security parameters, which include facet-channel assault resistance, nonce reuse resistance, and quantum resistance. This paper provides an overview of the overall performance of applied cryptography algorithms, which allows researchers and developers to pick out the algorithm that is most appropriate for their blockchain utility.
Cybersecurity and Information Systems
Economic and Technological Systems Analysis
Advanced Computational Techniques in Science and Engineering
Yishun Wang, Xiaoqi Li, Ye, Shipeng, Xie, Lei · 5 authors
Smart contracts with external data are crucial for functionality but pose security and reliability concerns. Statistical and quantitative studies on this interaction are scarce. To address this gap, we analyzed 10,500 smart contracts, retaining 9,356 valid ones after excluding outdated or erroneous ones. We employed code parsing to transform contract code into abstract syntax trees and identified keywords associated with external data dependencies. We conducted a quantitative analysis by comparing these keywords to a reference list. We manually classified the 9,356 valid smart contracts to ascertain their application domains and typical interaction methods with external data. Additionally, we created a database with this data to facilitate research on smart contract dependencies. Moreover, we reviewed over 3,600 security audit reports, manually identifying 249 (approximately 9%) related to external data interactions and categorized their dependencies. We explored the correlation between smart contract complexity and external data dependency to provide insights for their design and auditing processes. These studies aim to enhance the security and reliability of smart contracts and offer practical guidance to developers and auditors.
Finance, decision-making, and AI interaction have been transferred to the digital economy due to the reduction of transaction costs and increase in security through blockchain technology. Integration of artificial intelligence (AI) and big data analytics with decision support systems (DSS), with a focus on risk assessment, predictive analytics, and strategic planning, has been explored. AI and DSS collaborated to deliver responsiveness and flexibility across several industries, leading to improved, data-driven decision-making. The current and future paths of AI with a focus on finance, healthcare, and customer service, in addition to ethical problems, have also been discussed. Future developments in the digital economy, such as cybersecurity, decentralized banking, and quantum computing, have been explored to optimize benefits and reduce risks.
One of the latest achievements of information technology and in particular cryptography is the concept of cryptocurrency. It should also be noted that cryptocurrency also started a new era in the field of economy and finance in modern times. Recently, the trading volume of crypto-currency is also rapidly expanding in scope. In this regard, the publication of this article is is an actual issue.
Ekaterina Koroleva, M.D. Dyachenko, Ekaterina I. IGNATIKOVA
Subject. The article investigates the influence of various factors on the price of Bitcoin. Objectives. The purpose is to build an econometric model enabling to interpret the price of Bitcoin based on the influence of a range of economic, social, and technical factors. Methods. To achieve the purpose of the study, we built a multiple regression model, using the Stata software product. We tested the model in terms of linearity, multicollinearity, homoscedasticity, normality of the distribution of residues. Results. The econometric model helped recognize the following factors as statistically significant in relation to the price of Bitcoin: economic – the MSCI World index, which is in direct correlation with the price of Bitcoin, and the USD index, which is in inverse correlation; social – an assessment of the level of interest of the Google search network users in cryptocurrency for a week; technical – the number of coins in public circulation and the number of unique addresses of crypto wallets involved in transactions of the blockchain cryptocurrency network. Conclusions. The presented model confirms the hypothesis that the price of Bitcoin directly depends on news publications and the opinions of users of various social networks. This aspect makes it vulnerable to short-term fluctuations, speculation, and volatility.
развитие цифровых технологий существенно трансформирует различные сферы экономики, в том числе и промышленное производство. Одним из перспективных направлений в данном контексте является внедрение смарт-контрактов, способных значительно оптимизировать бизнес-процессы. Цель данного исследования заключается в анализе потенциала смарт-контрактов в контексте модернизации промышленного производства. Методологическая база работы включает в себя системный подход, методы сравнительного анализа, синтеза и обобщения. Эмпирической основой исследования послужили статистические данные, отражающие динамику внедрения смарт-контрактов в различных отраслях промышленности, а также результаты экспертных интервью с представителями бизнес-сообщества. В ходе исследования выявлено, что использование смарт-контрактов способствует сокращению транзакционных издержек на 15-20%, ускорению процессов согласования условий сделок в 2-3 раза, а также минимизации рисков, связанных с человеческим фактором. Так, по данным компании Deloitte, внедрение смарт-контрактов в сфере логистики позволяет сократить время обработки документов на 80% и снизить затраты на 90%. При этом в машиностроении использование смарт-контрактов обеспечивает повышение эффективности управления цепочками поставок на 30-35%. the development of digital technologies is significantly transforming various sectors of the economy, including industrial production. One of the promising areas in this context is the introduction of smart contracts that can significantly optimize business processes. The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential of smart contracts in the context of modernization of industrial production. The methodological basis of the work includes a systematic approach, methods of comparative analysis, synthesis and generalization. The empirical basis of the study was statistical data reflecting the dynamics of the introduction of smart contracts in various industries, as well as the results of expert interviews with representatives of the business community. The study revealed that the use of smart contracts helps to reduce transaction costs by 15-20%, accelerate the processes of agreeing on terms of transactions by 2-3 times, as well as minimize the risks associated with the human factor. Thus, according to Deloitte, the introduction of smart contracts in the field of logistics can reduce document processing time by 80% and reduce costs by 90%. At the same time, in mechanical engineering, the use of smart contracts provides an increase in the efficiency of supply chain management by 30-35%.
Abdullah J. Abualhamayl, Mohanad A. Almalki, Firas Al-Doghman, Abdulmajeed A. Alyoubi · 5 authors
Abstract In the rapidly evolving digital era, the growing trend of conducting real estate e-business transactions through online platforms has led to escalated challenges in ensuring transactional security and trust. These challenges underscore the importance of balancing transparency with data privacy and enhancing accountability in this field. As an extension of our previously published work (Abualhamayl AJ, Almalki MA, Al-Doghman F, Alyoubi AA, Hussain FK (2023) Towards fractional NFTs for joint ownership and provenance in real estate. In: 2023 IEEE international conference on e-business engineering (ICEBE), p. 143–8. 10.1109/ICEBE59045.2023.00022.), this paper introduces the Global Real Estate Platform (GREP), a novel hybrid blockchain system that utilizes real estate provenance to establish a secure and trustworthy environment for real estate e-business, specifically focusing on two key challenges: ensuring data authenticity and effectively managing access rights. Integral to GREP's design is the involvement of government entities, which is essential for maintaining the required balance between transparency, privacy, and high levels of accountability. This proposed framework is explained conceptually and demonstrated practically, offering an innovative perspective on the integration of hybrid blockchain technology in the real estate system. Furthermore, our research encompasses a detailed implementation, using various tools, and an in-depth examination of three use cases. This combined analysis effectively demonstrates GREP's efficacy in addressing the targeted challenges in the field. While acknowledging the system's limitations, including challenges in user adoption and performance variability under different network conditions, our findings open new avenues for further exploration, such as landlords' payment histories and utility bills, and using blockchain as a secondary user identifier. These features collectively highlight the transformative potential of blockchain technology in real estate e-business.
This paper examines the integration of Blockchain and the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) in manufacturing process monitoring. The proposed model emphasizes Blockchain's decentralization, cryptographic security, and smart contracts for enhanced security and efficiency. It addresses challenges like data security and scalability, showcasing the transformative potential of Blockchain-IIoT integration. In the end this work highlights future development opportunities in smart manufacturing.
Claudia Durán, Amir Karbassi Yazdi, Iván Dérpich, Yong Tan
This research investigates the optimal integration of Blockchain Technology (BT) in Supply Chain Management (SCM) within Chile’s maritime ports. Utilizing fuzzy Logarithmic Methodology of Additive Weights (LMAW) and Double Normalization-based Multiple Aggregation Methods (DNMA), the study systematically identifies, prioritizes, and ranks key factors influencing BT adoption in SCM. The study’s findings highlight crucial factors like enhanced transaction security, good supply chain practices, and risk management. Furthermore, it ranks the application of ports as prime candidates for BT integration. The research contributes theoretically by developing a hybrid model combining MCDA methods, and practically by guiding the strategic application of BT in the maritime logistics sector, aligning with the principles of Industry 5.0. This paper presents a novel approach that explores the utilization of BT in maritime supply chain management, incorporating MCDA in a vague environment. The research gap of this study lies in defining new contexts in both theoretical and practical literature reviews for extending the use of BT in SCM in the ports of Chile, according to Industry 5.0, to increase the efficiency and effectiveness of all aspects of operations in these places. The contribution of this research is applying hybrid MCDA methods in an uncertain environment to assist decision-makers (DMs) in better implementing BT in SCM in Chilean ports, according to Industry 5.0.
The rising prominence of blockchain technology has spurred researchers to delve deeper into its applications through the lens of organizational and management theories. Our thematic analysis of blockchain literature reveals examination across five key domains: economic, strategic, operational, behavioral, and implementation considerations, each viewed through various theoretical perspectives. The multifaceted nature of blockchain phenomena necessitates diverse types of theory and research questions. Thus, the unique characteristics within each domain stimulate the formulation of inquiries that address a system of research questions about what, how, why, when, where, what will be, and how to do. Existing literature predominantly emphasizes explanatory and predictive theories, notably expanding research topics such as blockchain adoption behavior. However, this singular focus limits the exploration of diverse reasoning approaches suited to blockchain's complexity. Our study illustrates how different types of theory contribute to understanding each of the identified blockchain application areas. Based on our findings, we propose pertinent questions that highlight the need for varied theoretical frameworks and address specific issues within each application domain. Furthermore, we recommend appropriate theories to address these questions, fostering a more multi-perspective investigation across the breadth of blockchain-related research topics and areas. By embracing diverse theoretical perspectives, we aim to create a more balanced research landscape, facilitating deeper insights into blockchain phenomena.
Wantao Yu, Chee Yew Wong, Mark Jacobs, Roberto Chávez
Purpose This study aims to address a significant and previously unanswered question for both academics and practitioners: how do organizations learn to apply Blockchain technology to support modern slavery (MS) supply chain capabilities? Specifically, this study examines whether employees’ digital dexterity (EDD) and strategic investment in Blockchain technology (SIBT) can support three MS supply chain capabilities: internal MS capability (IMSC), MS capability with customers (MSCC) and MS capability with suppliers (MSCS). Design/methodology/approach This study uses resource accumulation and deployment perspective to explain how EDD promotes SIBT, which then drives the development of MS supply chain capabilities. Survey data collected from the Chinese manufacturing industry were used to test the proposed theoretical framework and hypotheses through structural equation modelling and moderated regression analysis. Findings EDD has a positive relationship with SIBT. SIBT has a positive relationship with IMSC. IMSC fully mediates the relationships between SIBT and MS capability with customers and suppliers. Originality/value By conceptualizing MS supply chain capabilities as a multi-dimensional construct for the first time, this study discovers the significant mediating roles of IMSC. The empirical findings also clarify digital dexterity of employees that drives investment in Blockchain technology to foster MS supply chain capabilities as resource accumulation and deployment processes.
Blockchain can not only record transactions, but also can be combined with smart contracts to record, run, and maintain valuable information. The application of blockchain in various fields is the development direction of smart contract, and its automation and editable features bring a wide range of application scenarios. In view of the working principle of smart contract and according to the requirement of data acquisition and management, the paper constructs a data management model of customer service system based on smart contract theory, it automatically performs data acquisition and management services, updates data status, and realizes the automation and standardization of data acquisition and management. It also constructs a simulation model based on the System dynamics simulation principle of the software of Anylogic, which the validity of the model is verified by mechanism. The model is of great theoretical and practical significance for exploring the data management scheme of complex system, establishing data acquisition, data validation and data interaction mechanism.
Ever since the first block of the Bitcoin network was created, the relevance of research into the assessment of the prospects of the blockchain project is constantly increasing. Ultimately, the economics of a token will have a big impact on how it will be used, how easy it will be to build a network, and whether there will be much interest in the options of its use. The work substantiates that tokenomics allows us to determine which digital assets can be traded or exchanged for other tokens or fiats in the blockchain network. It is noted that the key difference between traditional economics and tokenomics is that the latter is written in code. The authors systematized the elements of tokenomics: supply and demand, the utility of the token, its distribution, the burn of the token, mechanism of token stimulation. The mechanism and working principles of Proof-of-Stake and its differences from Proof of Work, which consists, first of all, of reducing computing costs, are revealed. It is stated in the work that in the coming years, the development of the potential of this algorithm and the growth of the level of popularity of cryptocurrency mining based on it is expected.