Groundbreaking, amalgamation of digital supply chain and blockchain is increasing day by day
as it helps to reach the needs of the consumers and also track the services effectively, which helps in providing
viewable supply chain management. This paper focuses on the essential availabilities of block chain application.
A modest attempt is made to examine the previous study and the previews and opinions of the experts, studies
undertaken earlier. This study intent is to begin with introducing of Blockchain, how blockchain work,
blockchain as a decentralized database, blockchain a driving force, blockchain empowering a better customers
experience and finally the blockchain benefits. The current research study is trying to look over the various
attributes of the blockchain. Therefore, full attention is given to identify how blockchain can be useful. Based on
all these evaluations, this study tries to identify the uses of blockchain as a decentralized autonomous
organization (DAO).
Due to the increasing complexity of supply chains over the past years, many factors significantly contribute to lowering the supply chains performance. Poor visibility is one of the major challenging factors that lowers supply chains performance. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based supply chain network model to improve the supply chain visibility. The model focuses in improving the visibility measurements properties: information sharing, traceability, and inventory visibility. The proposed model consists of information sharing, traceability, and inventory visibility platforms based on Blockchain technology smart contract. The model built with Hyperledger platform and extend the Hyperledger Composer Supply Chain Network (HCSC) model. The research is designed to three main phases. First phase: the preliminary phase which is the literature review phase to identify the existing challenges in the domain. The second phase: the design and implementation phase which is the development steps of the proposed research model. The third phase: the evaluation phase which represent the performance evaluation of the proposed model and the comparisons between the proposed model and the existing models. In the evaluation performance, the common performance metrics Lead time and average inventory levels will be compared in the proposed model, Cloud-based information system, and the traditional supply chain. These proposed platforms offer an end-to-end visibility of products, orders, and stock levels for supply chain practitioners and customers within supply chain networks. Which helps managers’ access key information that support critical business decisions and offers essential criteria for competitiveness and therefore, enhance supply chain performance.
Abdelghani Echchabi, Mohammed Mispah Said Omar, Abdullah Mohammed Ayedh
The current study examines the factors that might increase the investment in Bitcoin among Muslim communities. Oman is selected as a setting for this study due to the rapid progress in the Islamic finance and investment areas that the country has witnessed though ventured in this field relatively late compared to other countries. The study used a survey questionnaire to collect data for a sample of 200 respondents. Subsequently, the collected data was analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM) as well as basic descriptive statistics and one sample t-test. The findings revealed that the respondents perceive themselves to have sufficient awareness and knowledge of the Bitcoin concept and benefits, as well as the techniques used to manage a Bitcoin account. In addition, the findings revealed that factors such as perceived ease of use, compatibility, awareness and facilitating conditions have a significant impact on Omani communities' intention to invest in Bitcoin.
A supply chain consists of many stakeholders such as suppliers, carriers and customers. It is often complex due to the rapid development of economic globalization and the intense competition pressure in the market which resulted in information sharing within a supply chain to be fragmented. Blockchain technology can solve this problem by having only a “one trusted ledger” that could reshape the element of data trust. The goal of this paper is to identify and understand the impact of blockchain technology for information sharing within a supply chain. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology offers a high level of transparency and has gained the attention from various sectors to deploy this technology. A systematic literature review in the academic literature was conducted using different databases. Blockchain-enabled information sharing can add value to enhance collaborative work in different types of supply chains such as health and medical, construction and smart city. From our findings, one potential impact of deploying blockchain-enabled information sharing within a supply chain is that it ensures all members in the chain can obtain verified information which enhances collaborative partnerships. Through this in-depth research, we highlighted potential barriers that could impede the development of blockchain technology in supply chain such as the lack of understanding of blockchain technology in businesses and conflict of interests. Future work such as information hiding, in parallel with information sharing, could close the gap in deploying this technology within a supply chain. Understanding the nature of different supply chain is also important to better prepare the deployment of blockchain. We acknowledge that our approach in selecting literatures in our systematic review may exclude certain literatures. Nonetheless, we tried to include as many relevant literatures as possible, to develop a roadmap on the current situation of blockchain-enabled information sharing within a supply chain.
Mohammad Zarour, Md Tarique Jamal Ansari, Mamdouh Alenezi, Amal Krishna Sarkar · 8 authors
Blockchain technology is among the most significant developments and revolutionary innovations of the Information Technology industry. It corners a crucial space in the present digital era and has already made significant differences in human life. Moreover, it is anticipated that the Blockchain technology will improvise the existing IT facilities in the next several years in many domains. Recent technological developments are allowing for a major advancement in Healthcare sectors. Information security and accessibility are critical considerations for the integration and communication with Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) systems when sharing private medical information. In this context, selecting the most effective blockchain model for secure and trustworthy EHRs in the healthcare sector requires an accurate mechanism for evaluating the impact of different available blockchain models for its features. The present study uses a scientifically proven approach for evaluating the impact of blockchain technology and provides a novel idea and path to the future researchers. This research analysis garnered the feedback of 56 domain experts in the healthcare management for assessing the impact of different blockchain models. To eliminate the ambiguities that arose due to multiple opinions of these experts and for the externalization and organization of information about the selection context of the blockchain model, the study used a decision model. Fuzzy Analytic Analytical Network Process (F-ANP) method was used to calculate the weights of the criteria as well as the Fuzzy-Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique was used to evaluate the effect of alternative solutions. Further, the results obtained through this empirical investigation will be an instrumental reference for choosing the most appropriate Blockchain model for maintaining breach-free EHRs.
The high return on cryptocurrency has not only attracted the Muslim investors but it has also provided an opportunity for the Muslim entrepreneurs to raise funds by issuing the online coin. Most of the scholars believe that blockchain technology is consistent with sharia requirements. Still, cryptocurrency is considered controversial and declared <i>haram</i> by most of the sharia scholars. Against such a backdrop, the present study tries to achieve two objectives. The first objective of this study is to investigate the technical architecture of blockchain technology and its application in cryptocurrencies. The second objective of the study is to find out the sharia compliance of the cryptocurrency and online tokens like Bitcoin.
Purpose: The paper aims to review the academic research work done in the area of Islamic financial technology. The Islamic FinTech area has been classified into three broad categories of the Islamic FinTech, Islamic Financial technology opportunities and challenges, Cryptocurrency/Blockchain sharia compliance and law/regulation. Finally, the study identifies and highlights the opportunities and challenges that Islamic Financial institutions can learn from the conventional FinTech organization across the world. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study collected 133 research studies (50 from Social Science Research Network (SSRN), 30 from Research gate, 33 from Google Scholar and 20 from other sources) in the area of Islamic Financial Technology. The study presents the systematic review of the above studies. Findings: The study classifies the Islamic FinTech into three broad categories namely, Islamic FinTech opportunities and challenges, Cryptocurrency/Blockchain sharia compliance and law/regulation. The study identifies that the sharia compliance related to the cryptocurrency/Blockchain is the biggest challenge which Islamic FinTech organizations are facing. During our review we also find that Islamic FinTech organizations are to be considered as partners by the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI’s) than the competitors. If Islamic Financial institutions want to increase efficiency, transparency and customer satisfaction they have to adopt FinTech and become partners with the FinTech companies. Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of Islamic Fintech for the academia, industry, regulators, investors and other FinTech users. Originality/Value: The study believes to contribute positively to understanding of Fintech based technology like cryptocurrency/Blockchain from sharia perspective.
Marija Jović, Marko Filipović, Edvard Tijan, Mladen Jardas
This article presents a comprehensive review of the current and rising trends of blockchain technology usage in shipping industry. The definition and features of blockchain technology are provided, as well as the potential usage of blockchain technology in various areas (financial services, Internet of Things, medicine, government, etc.), in order to better understand its complexity and application. Furthermore, the major challenges of blockchain technology are shown, and the most prominent examples of blockchain applications in shipping industry are provided. The application and advantages of blockchain technology in seaports are demonstrated through several examples.
Ioannis Antoniadis, Stamatis Kontsas, Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos
Blockchain is gaining ground on academic research and business applications as it is believed to have the potential to change business models in numerous sectors of the economy. Blockchain applications characteristics (security, immutability of record keeping, efficiency, and disintermediation) provide solutions to a number of issues firms and organizations face. Until now, most of the research until now deals with its financial applications and cryptocurrencies. There is however, an important field for developing blockchain application in marketing and most specifically in brand loyalty programs. In this paper, we are going to review some of the applications of blockchain in marketing and marketing management, and the ways it could enhance brand loyalty and brand loyalty programs run by firms and brands. The main findings of our paper is that blockchain could help brand loyalty by building trust between the brand and consumers, by simplifying and reducing the cost of administering brand loyalty programs, and by providing more ways for consumers to derive benefits from these programs through tokenization or cryptocurrencies. Finally, we are proposing issues that should be considered for further research on the topic. Keywords: Blockchain; Marketing; Brand; Loyalty Programs.
Chinmay Ingle, Ashwin Samudre, Param Bhavsar, P. S. Vidap
Auditing is the inspection of the processes and work done during a period of time whereas compliance is the process of complying to the rules. In Service management space various organizations provide and use various services in the form of transactions and are dependent on each other. An organization may not use only one service to provide its services to the client, it may use multiple services like database, storage, processing, etc. Due to this involvement of multiple parties in the business, it is very tedious to manage these licenses and also more difficult to audit this system. Each organization have stored information at their own data centers, hence it is very hard to guarantee the trust between these organizations. To address this issue we propose a blockchain based solution to ensure transparency and security in the transactions between these organizations.
Pharmaceutical Industry Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been an invigorating research topic because the industry strives to explore innovative ways to secure the medicine distribution and to ensure the authenticity of medicine consumed by the patients. A surge in the counterfeit drug has called an urgent effort for the industry to eradicate. In this scope, the fake medicine harm serious health problem for patients. To cope with this urgency, Blockchain offers the new innovative technology that captures the security and accountability in the financial industry for decades. In this spectrum, the new generation of blockchain with smart contract feature enables the utilization of blockchain in an enterprise setting such as Supply Chain Management Systems. In this point, this study explored contemporary for benefit and challenge blockchain adoption based on Systematic Literature Review methodology. At a closer look, the research indicates the impact of the Blockchain Adoption Technology in Pharmaceutical Industry SCM in for four aspects, i.e. supplier, producer, logistic/distributor, and customer. In a specific range, this research explores significant factors from ten leading journals (one thousand two hundred and fourteen papers) and selects solely eighteen relevant documents. The examination reveals the critical research development of blockchain technology adoption in Pharmaceutical SCM and twenty-three essential factors.
Assistant Professor, SLRTCE Mumbai (Maharashtra), India., Neha Jain
Data security is the key to the development of modern internet technology. By allowing digital information to be distributed but not copied, blockchain technology created the backbone of a new type of internet. It allows storage of all transactions into immutable records and every record distributed across many participant’s nodes. As there is huge increase in the use cases for blockchain technology, nowadays, the primary issue is to enable secure data sharing, data integrity and authentication. The goal of this study paper is to provide a systematic literature survey exploring the use of blockchain as a base technology for securing financial as well as non-financial applications. The purpose is to identify the whether blockchain technology is capable to provide the desired security solutions in various application. The advantages, challenges and the solution provided by previous research is discussed. The survey was focused on various security issues like Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authenticity, Accountability, and Reliability. The study shows that the Blockchain technology is prospective for financial and non-financial services since it can provide solutions for majority of security issues. Future research needs to provide the implementations of desired solutions discussed in security challenges of Blockchain technology.
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how blockchain technology can improve supply chain adaptability, alignment and agility which collectively enhance competitive advantage which in turn influences firm performance. Design/methodology/approach The conceptual framework of the present study is developed by conducting an extensive literature review on blockchain technology, supply chain adaptability, alignment, agility and competitive advantage. The sample data were collected from 397 supply chain practitioners in India to validate the conceptual model. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to ascertain the validity of the measures used and a structural model was analyzed for testing the proposed conceptual framework. Findings The results of the present study show that blockchain technology can improve supply chain adaptability, alignment, agility which lead to competitive advantage, which leads to better firm performance. Besides, trust generated through blockchain use also increases firm performance. Research limitations/implications Currently, the respondents do not have practical experience of using blockchain technology. They have responded based on their knowledge about supply chain and blockchain which they acquired from published sources. Different supply chains require different strategic choices and different information needs. But the present study assumes that all supply chain needs are identical. The present study assumes that government regulations regarding blockchain technology are favorable; however, currently, there is no legal framework to address blockchain technology. The findings of the current study indicate that companies not only should create more awareness regarding blockchain but also should actively work with IT companies that are engaged in developing blockchain-based supply chain solution. Managers, as well as IT companies and academicians, should join hands to study and develop a framework for regulating blockchain technology and suggest these to the policy actors. Practical implications The present study shows that supply chain practitioners are confident that blockchain technology will help improve supply chain parameters. These findings can help IT companies and their marketers for developing and promoting blockchain-based IT applications. In addition, the important implication for supply chain practitioners is that blockchain helps in creating a competitive advantage and increases firm performance. Originality/value The effect of IT on important supply chain variables has been studied in the past; however, there is not a single study which sheds light on how disruptive technologies such as blockchain will affect supply chain adaptability, alignment, agility and firm performance.
Blockchain technology is now considered a next generation information technology tool for sustainable growth in supply chain (SC) management. However, its study is relatively rare in the literature on SC collaboration and sustainability management research, despite its advantages in sustaining connectivity and reliability among SC partners. This study investigates how the use of blockchain in SC activities can influence (increase or decrease) SC partnership efficiency and growth, thereby affecting SC performance outcomes. Specifically, this study empirically validates a measurement and structural equation model with 306 SC experts from various industries. The findings show that the blockchain technology characteristics (information transparency, information immutability, and smart contracts) have significant positive effects on partnership growth and marginal effects on partnership efficiency. Though partnership growth has a positive effect on firm performance, partnership efficiency shows a negative effect.
To decrease the talent shortage in the digital economy industry and fill the gap between academics and industry, this study establishes an innovative model to cultivate interdisciplinary talent that links the resources in the academic and industrial fields. To monitor and manage the learning performance and training history throughout the process, this study creates a Talent Management System (TMS), which uses blockchain technology to record 698 interns' data on their online learning history, project outcomes, and certification of completion. With TMS, research institutions, schools, and corporations can access the digital resumes of interns more efficiently, thus reducing the cost of management and recruiting and ensuring the authentication of resumes.
Blockchain technology provides emerging solutions including decentralized management, security, privacy and robustness. In Supply Chain Management (SCM) applications, blockchain technology enable us to increase customer satisfaction, operational excellence, and to decrease operational costs and risks. Despite of these significant benefits, there are limited number of studies that combines SCM and blockchain in the literature. The main aim of this study is to investigate the factors influencing the adoption and acceptance of the blockchain based SCM in organizations. To this end, a comprehensive systematic literature review is conducted and a research model based on Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework is proposed. The proposed research model consists of factors of the relative advantage, complexity, interoperability/compatibility, standardization, trust and scalability in the context of technology; organization's IT resource, top management support, organization size and financial resources in the context of organization; competitive pressure, trading partner pressure, government policy and regulations and inter-organizational trust in the context of environment.
Nedaa Baker Al Barghuthi, Cornelius Ncube, Huwida Said
The Government of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) is moving towards the Smart City and integrating Blockchain (BC) technology among its services to the public. In April 2018, the UAE government launched a Blockchain Strategy of 2021. Under this initiative, 50 percent of government transactions will be processed over a BC platform. Eleven billion dirhams are expected to be saved in transactions and documents prepared in the government sector. The UAE 2021 strategy includes four pillars, focusing on residence happiness, government efficiency, advanced legislation, and global entrepreneurship. In October 2016, the emirate of Dubai, launched a local BC strategy to become the first energy-powered city that leads the future economy by 2020. This motivation placed the Government of UAE as a unique and pioneered country in innovation and enabling the ecosystem to be addressed in both the public and private sectors. This strategy is based on three domains: government effectiveness, industry innovation, and international, domestic leadership. BC projects will be experimenting throughout the country in many sectors such as energy, transportation, logistics, tourism, health, education and employment, economic development, safety and justice, social services, municipal and land works. This paper study the state of art of the UAE strategy towards adopting BC technology among all its entities. A survey has been conducted to evaluate the strategic effectiveness of this new technology. The study involves a combination of 71 public and private companies that operate in the UAE. The outcome shows that there is a need to integrate this technology. At the same time, the survey concluded that 92.0% of the companies are aware of the technology. It also highlighted that 55% of companies suffer from the lack of experienced consultants and outsources their services. The survey confirmed that BC technology had been used in different industrial use cases such as supply chain (35%), Internet of things (27%), and financial transactions (25%).
The construction industry will continue to be a key driver of economic growth for any country. It is one of the biggest industries in the world which contributes heavily to the economic development of a country. However, the productivity and the effectiveness of the industry have often been called into a question. Therefore, a number of different modelling tools and software have introduced to upgrade the standards of the construction industry. This review seeks to identify how blockchain can address the project management perspectives of the construction industry with respect to the guidelines mentioned in the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Five major criterions namely purchase management, contract management, asset and inventory management, finance management and subcontractor management were selected for the analysis using the PMBOK guidelines. For that, literature review using articles in ScienceDirect which appeared the context "blockchain in construction", "blockchain and project management", "application of blockchain" were referred. It is identified that the blockchain technology can assist financial management without involving third parties, subcontractor management by linking derivable and payment schemes, contract administration by using smart contracts, inventory and asset management by tracking and tracing material movements and purchase management by linking key stakeholders in supply chains.
Oct 1, 2019·2019 IEEE International Conferences on Ubiquitous Computing & Communications (IUCC) and Data Science and Computational Intelligence (DSCI) and Smart Computing, Networking and Services (SmartCNS)
Zhijun Xu, Yichen Liu, Jun Zhang, Zhaoxiong Song · 6 authors
Nowadays the composition and structure of the manufacturing industry supply chain have become increasingly complex. The loss and not-in-time transmission of the supply chain information have aggravated the bullwhip effect. At the same time, due to the lack of reliable information storage, the difficulties of traceability and accountability have also caused supply chain management to fall into the bottleneck. The blockchain has the characteristics of supporting distributed networking, information synchronization among nodes, digital encryption, traceable information and block content that cannot be tampered, which is suitable for use in supply chain, and can provide solution for it. In this paper, a design scheme of integrated platform for information service provided by participants in supply chain and based on Ethereum blockchain is proposed. By using Ethereum smart contracts, the common business involved in the supply chain is realized using blockchain technology, and the key information of supply chain production and circulation is stored on the blockchain to ensure the information cannot be tampered. At the same time, a reputation evaluating method based on smart contracts is used to evaluate the reputation of enterprises in supply chain, which can provide reference for supplier selection among enterprises.
The main idea of the study was to determine the influence of the antecedents (trialability and compexity) on the existing constructs of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and to test measurement invariance on the relationship between the latent constructs used in this extended version of Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM). A survey questionnaire was administered on Cyptocurrency mobile applicantions users and a total of 41 responses were collected. The research model was assessed using SEM-PLS approach. The structural model was then tested in order to establish validity & reliabelity. The invariance test was first performed on the measurement model and then on the structural model using SmartPLS 3.0. The predictor variables in ETAM were able to explain 44,9% of the variance in actual usage of Cryptocurrency mobile applications.
The purposes of the study are threefold: (1) develop key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC), (2) find out the correlation between the key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises, and (3) understand the perception of micro-enterprise blockchain and the difference between theoretical guidance and practical application. This study combines Interpretative Structural Modeling Method, (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to analyze the causal relationships and hierarchical structures of the 12 key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises and understand the correlation between factors. The 12 key successful factors developed based on the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard, and the questionnaire designs based on the concept of DEMATEL, and then analyzed data by DEMATEL and ISM methods to understand the correlation between key factors. The research results show that the key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises include "brand equity", "security and anti-counterfeiting", "sales growth", "transparency and clear", "trust", "consensus mechanism", "traceability", "consistency", "tracking", "innovation management", "international", "organizational adaptation", in which consumer "trust" plays an important role. Micro-enterprises can use blockchain to expand the market, provide customers with better service quality, and bring sales growth to micro-enterprises.