Stanislav I. Trofimov, Leonid Voskov, Mikhail Komarov
The development of intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) is penetrating many economies around the globe. This paper presents three key innovations in the field of intelligent transportation systems, as follows: (1) a novel tokenization approach where each vehicle is represented as a macro-token subdivided into 500,000 micro-tokens for precise condition monitoring, (2) a comprehensive mathematical model for vehicle state assessment incorporating multiple operational factors, and (3) the GDEPZ method for optimizing data transmission via satellite communication. These innovations enable the autonomous control of technical conditions, transparent fleet management, and efficient data processing in hard-to-reach areas. Various researchers in both industry and academia are looking into more efficient management methods for both vehicles and related data processing aspects. A vast trend related to the latter is the distributed data processing of transmitted data. This article discusses approaches to the use of blockchain technology in ITSs. It explores the use of blockchains in modern transport industries. In particular, the paper proposes a novel approach to the maintenance of public transportation vehicles and buses. The specificity of the proposed approach is the autonomous control of technical conditions using information systems. When using blockchain technology, building a transparent vehicle fleet management system is possible. The specificity of the proposed approach lies in data processing. Within the organization, confidence in data increases, the possibility of manipulating transportation is eliminated, and the decision-making chain is reduced. As a result, the system can manage itself. This also helps to increase the service life of vehicles, makes it possible to predict their malfunctions, and improves the quality of data on their technical conditions.
The problem of a single point of failure in centralized systems poses a great challenge to the stability of such systems. Meanwhile, the tamperability of data within centralized systems makes users reluctant to trust and use centralized applications in many scenarios, including the financial and business sectors. Blockchain, as a new decentralized technology, addresses these issues effectively. As a typical decentralized system, blockchain can be utilized to build a data-sharing model. Users in a blockchain do not need to trust other users; instead, they trust that the majority of miner nodes are honest. Smart contracts enable developers to write distributed programs based on blockchain systems, ensuring that all code is immutable and secure. In this paper, we analyze the security of blockchain technology to illustrate its advantages and justify its use. Furthermore, we design a new system for storing and trading vehicle information based on the Ethereum blockchain and smart contract technology. Specifically, our system allows users to upload vehicle information and auction vehicles to transfer ownership. Our application provides great convenience to buyers and owners, while the use of smart contracts enhances the security and privacy of the system.
Radu Miron, Mihai Hulea, Vlad Mureşan, Iulia Clitan · 5 authors
As cities evolve into smarter and more connected environments, there is a growing need for innovative solutions to improve urban mobility. This study examines the potential of integrating blockchain technology into passenger transportation systems within smart cities, with a particular emphasis on a blockchain-enabled Mobility-as-a-Service (MaaS) solution. In contrast to traditional technologies, blockchain’s decentralized structure improves data security and guarantees transaction transparency, thus reducing the risk of fraud and errors. The proposed MaaS framework enables seamless collaboration between key transportation stakeholders, promoting more efficient utilization of services like buses, trains, bike-sharing, and ride-hailing. By improving integrated payment and ticketing systems, the solution aims to create a smoother user experience while advancing the urban goals of efficiency, environmental sustainability, and secure data handling. This research evaluates the feasibility of a Hyperledger Fabric-based solution, demonstrating its performance under various load conditions and proposing scalability adjustments based on pilot results. The conclusions indicate that blockchain-enabled MaaS systems have the potential to transform urban mobility. Further exploration into pilot projects and the expansion to freight transportation are needed for an integrated approach to city-wide transport solutions.
Chen Ben Tolila, Yarden Hovav, Kiril Danilchenko, Hadassa Daltrophe
ABSTRACT The rising expenses associated with car ownership have driven individuals to seek more affordable alternatives, such as car rentals. However, conventional car rental services often come with high costs due to leasing companies' overhead expenses. Consequently, car sharing has emerged as a popular and cost‐effective solution that reduces expenses and promotes eco‐friendliness by reducing the number of vehicles on the roads. Nonetheless, centralization and reliability remain persistent challenges in car‐sharing implementation. To address these issues, we propose a decentralized crowd car sharing and renting platform called CROWDCARLINK, leveraging blockchain technology's power. This innovative platform enables individuals and leasing companies to rent vehicles while securely recording each car's maintenance and lease history on the blockchain. Within CROWDCARLINK, garages are pivotal contributors, adding vehicle information in a reliable and immutable manner. By utilizing blockchain technology, our platform ensures transparency and fosters trust, effectively overcoming the limitations imposed by centralization. Our architectural design incorporates smart contracts, which help streamline processes and facilitate seamless transactions within the platform. To demonstrate the feasibility of our approach, we have developed a prototype utilizing a private Ethereum blockchain with Proof of Authority (PoA) consensus. We believe that the architectural design and the practical solution presented here will play an integral role in shaping the future of smart transportation. Our platform aims to benefit individuals and the environment by offering a cost‐effective and efficient solution, paving the way for a more sustainable and advanced transportation ecosystem.
Blockchain technology has the potential to revolutionize global trade by streamlining cross-border transactions and enhancing transparency, security, and efficiency. Traditional methods of international trade often involve complex, multi-party processes that rely on intermediaries, leading to delays, increased costs, and a higher risk of fraud. Blockchain, with its decentralized and immutable ledger, offers a solution by creating a single source of truth that all parties in a transaction can access in real-time. This eliminates the need for intermediaries, reduces the risk of errors, and accelerates the settlement of cross-border payments and trade agreements. Blockchain’s ability to provide secure, transparent, and tamper-proof records makes it an ideal platform for international trade documentation, such as bills of lading, contracts, and certificates of origin. By digitizing and automating these processes through blockchain-based smart contracts, businesses can reduce administrative burdens, minimize fraud, and ensure compliance with international regulations. Blockchain-backed smart contracts can automate processes, ensuring transparency, accountability, and efficiency in trade finance. Furthermore, blockchain’s integration with digital currencies and other fintech innovations can streamline payment processes, lowering transaction fees and exchange rate risks associated with traditional cross-border payments. This review explores how blockchain can streamline global trade by enhancing the efficiency and security of cross-border transactions. It also examines the implications of blockchain for trade finance, supply chain management, and the role of global regulatory frameworks in facilitating its widespread adoption. The review concludes by highlighting the transformative potential of blockchain in reducing costs, increasing transaction speed, and improving trust between global trade partners, making it a key enabler for the future of international commerce.
Jungwon Seo, Juhui Lee, Yunjae Joo, K.-H. Lee · 6 authors
Blockchain-based E-participation systems significantly enhance transparency, data integrity, and security compared to traditional E-participation methods. However, existing systems often face challenges, such as inefficient attribute sampling in Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP)-based systems and the absence of effective differential reward mechanisms to distinguish between sincere and insincere participants. This paper introduces a blockchain-based E-participation framework designed to address these challenges. The proposed approach improves attribute sampling in ZKP-based systems by incorporating attribute keys, enabling efficient and secure sampling of participants without compromising privacy. This ensures that only eligible participants are selected while maintaining the integrity of the sampling process. Furthermore, the framework uses Shapley Values to implement a robust differential reward system that fairly compensates participants based on their sincerity, encouraging genuine contributions while penalizing insincere behavior. The security of the proposed framework is rigorously validated through a comprehensive security analysis, and its performance is thoroughly evaluated to demonstrate its effectiveness. Additionally, the feasibility of this approach is demonstrated through a prototype with real-world participants, highlighting its practicality and potential for deployment in E-participation systems.
Over the last decades, globalization in manufacturing and in international trade has led to unprecedented complexity in customs procedures. A basic requirement for Customs Authorities is to determine the origin of products and materials/ inputs in order to perform the appropriate customs procedures. This paper investigates the potential of Distributed Ledger Technologies (DLT) to address the challenges of determining correctly the origin of products in order to safeguard the public revenues, accelerate clearance procedures and promote the international trade. The paper analyzes the requirements of the clearance procedures of imports under preferential trade agreements, discusses the unique attributes of DLT and presents DLT implementations in customs procedures and in international trade. Then it provides a requirements analysis and an architecture for the development of DLT-based system for the handling of the origin of products in customs procedures.
This paper proposes a blockchain-based smart contract system for decentralized Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load management. The system incorporates a dynamic algorithm to balance grid demand by automating secure energy transfers from Electric Vehicles (EVs) and ensuring fair, real-time compensation for EV owners. Developed in Solidity on the Ethereum blockchain, the solution includes features such as dynamic load adjustment, emergency protocols for grid stability, and transparent transaction management. Simulation results show that the system effectively handles varying grid demands while maintaining scalability and operational efficiency. A case study in rural and semi-urban regions highlights its potential to mitigate power outages by using EVs as decentralized energy contributors. The primary research contribution lies in designing a decentralized framework that integrates blockchain and V2G technologies to optimize grid performance, ensure system resilience, and promote sustainable energy practices,
Carpooling involves sharing a car for a journey, typically with two or more individuals. Car-sharing systems play a crucial role in addressing urban challenges by providing shared vehicles and decreasing the dependence on private cars. Car-sharing systems present security concerns due to transmitting sensitive information through a shared centralized network, including identity, location, and access codes. It is crucial to develop secure authentication methods to prevent unauthorized access and use of this information for illegitimate purposes. To address the problem, this research presents a Blockchain Ethereum-based Decentralized Secure Ride-sharing Framework (BEDSRF) for carpooling systems. The study introduces a Role-based Access Control (RBAC) method to determine user roles for accessing their information. Then, based on these roles, the data is encrypted using the Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) method. The BEDSRF approach verifies each node and transmits the information within the decentralized network. Additionally, the Key Policy Authentication Scheme (KPAS) is utilized to authenticate the user's key and enable role-based decryption for the end user. Furthermore, experiments were carried out to confirm the efficiency and resilience of the proposed approach. The findings indicate that the proposed method outperforms existing carpooling schemes in terms of both security and authentication performance.
Universitat Politècnica de València, Hannia Gonzalez-Urango, Monica Garcia Melon, Universitat Politècnica de València · 9 authors
Highlights Fiscal incentives and market mechanisms drive RET adoption in Colombia. Lack of financing and high CAPEX are key barriers to RET deployment.
Peng Guan, Lincoln C. Wood, Jason X. Wang, Linh Duong
The global port industry, known for its historical resistance to technological advancements, now faces a pivotal moment in the age of blockchain innovation. This systematic literature review provides an in-depth investigation into the adoption of blockchain technology within the port industry, aiming to assess the current state of knowledge, identify areas lacking research attention, and emphasize emerging research avenues by analyzing a corpus of 316 articles. Our review employs a robust framework centered around four key themes: barriers to adoption, the port’s role in global value chains, sustainability considerations, and practical implementations of blockchain technology in ports. By analyzing these themes, we can gain valuable insights into the distinctive nature of the port industry and its potential transformation through blockchain technology. Theoretical contributions from this review emphasize adopting a Practice-Based View (PBV) perspective to examine the intricate interplay between barriers and practices in blockchain adoption. Furthermore, our innovative synthesis of the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework sheds light on internal and external obstacles shaping the adoption landscape. A noteworthy aspect of this review is the recognition of the critical need to align theoretical frameworks with the unique characteristics of the port industry, emphasizing the importance of contextual relevance in research pursuits. It also highlights the scarcity and fragmentation of research in the domain of the port industry, encouraging future scholars to investigate the identified research gaps and theoretical perspectives. This article reveals that utilizing blockchain technology within ports can enhance the sustainability performance of the port industry.
Both Proof of Stake (PoS) and Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus schemes for permissioned blockchains incur the risk of centralization of voting power in the hands of a small number of wealthy voters. In this work, we present Qualified Proof of Stake (QPoS) scheme which alleviates centralization by rewarding truthful behavior of both voters and leaders, and penalizing their untruthful behavior. Leaders are elected according to the current stake which gives preference to more trustworthy nodes. Nodes with low stake at the end of a round which consists of multiple PBFT voting cycles are excluded from voting in subsequent rounds, while nodes with sufficient stake may leave the network temporarily without losing their stake. We consider multiple node classes with different voting behavior and model them using embedded Markov Chain which corresponds to Semi Markov Process (SMP) in order to determine system performance. Our results show the interaction of class populations, voting behavior, and mobility with round size, and show notable stake-based prioritization among the nodes for selection of PBFT leaders. Moreover, we show that higher proportion of well behaved nodes and shorter voting rounds are needed to achieve consensus with high probability.