Blockchain-Based Smart Contracts for Decentralized Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) Load Management

Abstract

This paper proposes a blockchain-based smart contract system for decentralized Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) load management. The system incorporates a dynamic algorithm to balance grid demand by automating secure energy transfers from Electric Vehicles (EVs) and ensuring fair, real-time compensation for EV owners. Developed in Solidity on the Ethereum blockchain, the solution includes features such as dynamic load adjustment, emergency protocols for grid stability, and transparent transaction management. Simulation results show that the system effectively handles varying grid demands while maintaining scalability and operational efficiency. A case study in rural and semi-urban regions highlights its potential to mitigate power outages by using EVs as decentralized energy contributors. The primary research contribution lies in designing a decentralized framework that integrates blockchain and V2G technologies to optimize grid performance, ensure system resilience, and promote sustainable energy practices,