Addressing the challenges of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) traceability systems, including heavy data storage burdens, poor privacy protection, and susceptibility to tampering, this study establishes a highly secure and trustworthy traceability supervision system for the entire Chinese medicine supply chain, which enhances product quality and safety assurance. Centred on the Hyperledger Fabric consortium blockchain as its core architecture, a multi-chain integration framework comprising one regulatory main chain plus five organisational sub-chains is proposed to achieve permission control, data isolation, and privacy. A multi-mode encrypted data storage mechanism is designed, integrating China’s national cryptographic algorithms SM4 and SM3 with CP-ABE attribute-based encryption to enable tiered management of private and non-private data. Zero-knowledge proof technology safeguards identity privacy during cross-chain data transmission, while QR codes and environmental data collection mechanisms enhance data entry efficiency and authenticity. The system achieves end-to-end traceability from cultivation and processing through transportation, warehousing, and sales. Comparative performance analysis shows that the proposed framework effectively alleviates data storage pressure, ensures data validity, enhances data security, and improves collaborative efficiency among organizations across the TCM supply chain. The proposed multi-chain integrated Chinese medicine traceability and supervision system enables efficient collaboration and trustworthy traceability across the entire Chinese medicine industry chain, while safeguarding data security and privacy, and has significant application and promotion value. Future integration with artificial intelligence and big data technologies could further enhance the system’s intelligent analysis and decision-support capabilities.
Ensuring transparency, security, and privacy in agricultural food supply chains is critical for maintaining consumer trust, regulatory compliance, and data integrity. Traditional centralized traceability systems suffer from several limitations, including data tampering risks, single-point failures, and potential privacy leakage. To address these challenges, this research proposes a privacy-preserving blockchain-based traceability framework that integrates the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) with Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs). The framework leverages the Ethereum blockchain for immutable record-keeping, while zk-SNARK-based proofs enable compliance verification without revealing sensitive underlying data. A prototype was implemented using Solidity smart contracts and Python-based zk-SNARK circuits. Experimental evaluation across varying record sizes, from 50 to 200, demonstrates high security and efficiency, achieving 100% success in detecting simulated tampering attempts. Performance metrics indicate a highly scalable system with an average end-to-end latency of approximately 0.33 seconds, rapid proof generation times of approximately 0.0002 seconds, and near-constant verification times averaging 0.027 seconds. Furthermore, the system maintains a consistent simulated transaction cost of 20.40$ per proof, regardless of the total records processed. Overall, the proposed approach provides a robust, scalable, and computationally efficient solution for modern agri- food supply chains, successfully balancing data confidentiality with rigorous cryptographic integrity.
Open access
Food Supply Chain Traceability
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Rossana Caputo, Bernard Mallia, Keerthi Kumar Masanasetty, Prasad M
Agricultural digitisation is increasingly driven by regulatory compliance, sustainability mandates, and the need for trusted multi-stakeholder collaboration. However, agricultural equipment traceability remains largely manual or dependent on energy-intensive Internet of Things (IoT) infrastructures that are ill-suited for rural environments. This paper presents AgriLink, a privacy-preserving and energy-efficient Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) framework for agricultural equipment and workforce traceability, developed under the TrustChain OC5 initiative. AgriLink introduces an event-driven architecture based on passive Near Field Communication (NFC), selective blockchain anchoring, zero-trust security, and privacy-by-design principles. By functioning primarily on episodic, event-driven, non-continuous data flows, the framework enables verifiable digital twins of physical agricultural assets without continuous telemetry or battery-powered sensors. This study details the system architecture, threat modelling, privacy mechanisms, and a comparative evaluation against traditional IoT tracking systems. Experimental validations indicate up to a 94% reduction in energy consumption at the sensing layer compared to an average of Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, and LoRaWAN architectures, while maintaining robust auditability and General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) compliance. The results establish AgriLink as a viable blueprint for sustainable DLT adoption in physical asset-intensive agricultural sectors.
Bharathi Panduri, Lohith Matcha, Sai Darshan Lingamanthula, Vineet Katta
Pharmaceutical providers are now facing problems such as counterfeit drugs, lack of openness, different data systems, and weaker regulation. As a result of these shortcomings, medicinal products may be unsafe for patients and this can damage the public's trust in these products. Traditional centralized structures do not have the necessary traceability, security, and resilience for effective management of supply chains. In the context of Industry 4.0, there is an increasing shift toward digital transformation and decentralized industrial systems to improve transparency and automation. This paper describes PharmaChain, a DApp created using blockchain, which is intended to add transparency and trust to the way drugs are managed in the supply chain. With the help of Ethereum and Solidity-based smart contracts, PharmaChain develops a permanent record of every step in the supply chain, starting with buying raw goods and finishing with delivering them to end-users. The platform uses role-based access control, such as manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and regulatory bodies. With a modern MERN stack, PharmaChain ensures the UI is flexible and works well on any device, and Web3.js and MetaMask handle the connection to blockchain on the frontend. The proposed system aligns with Industry 4.0 principles by enabling secure, automated, and decentralized traceability across the pharmaceutical supply chain. Smart contracts significantly reduce the involvement of intermediaries and manual work in the process.
1. Improving transparency, authenticity, and traceability in the Agricultural Supply Chain with a Blockchain Model (FarmTrace) Farm Trace Blockchain (Farm Trace) has been developed to give farmers and agribusinesses (such as wholesalers and retailers) a better view of their entire supply chain from when the product is harvested to when it is sold to a customer, assuring the integrity of the data entered into the blockchain and providing a means for trust between all stakeholders involved (Blade; 2022). This application allows stakeholders (including consumers) easy access to the traceability history of their products stored on the blockchain permanently, thus allowing all parties involved to verify their product’s history and status via the Web3 access created within the FarmTrace application. It is important to note that Farm Trace has two entries into the same user interface (i.e., farmer entry and retailer entry) and both are designed to allow for better management of the supply chain by providing the ability to track producers, distributors, retailers, and customers in real-time.
The Digital Product Passport (DPP) is a cross-sectoral framework for sharing data across value chains to promote circular economy practices such as repair, reuse, and recycling. A key challenge is ensuring trust and integrity in DPP data, which is often fragmented among multiple stakeholders. Distributed ledger technologies (DLTs) ofer a promising solution by enhancing data integrity, transparency, and reliability. However, a comprehensive understanding of how DLTs can support DPPs remains underexplored. This paper reviews academic and industrial initiatives using DLTs to build trustworthy DPP infrastructures. It identifies three core benefits of DLTs for DPPs: (1) tamper-proof data integrity for traceability, (2) peer-to-peer private data sharing without central authority, and (3) decentralized DPP lifecycle management, from creation to deactivation. Based on these findings, the paper proposes design guidelines to inform the development of DLT-based DPP systems that can support long-term trust and collaboration in circular economy ecosystems.
The proliferation of counterfeit products in various industries, including pharmaceuticals, electronics, and luxury goods, poses a significant threat to consumer safety, brand reputation, and economic integrity. Traditional verification methods often fail due to centralized control and limited traceability. This research proposes a block chain-based system to identify fake products by leveraging the decentralized, immutable, and transparent nature of block chain technology. The system records product information such as manufacturing details, origin, and ownership history on a distributed ledger, ensuring secure and tamper-proof tracking across the supply chain. Each product is tagged with a unique QR code that links to its block chain record, allowing end-users to verify authenticity through a mobile application. The system incorporates distinct login modules for administrators, sellers, and customers to ensure secure interactions and streamline product management. Simulation results validate the system’s capability to detect counterfeit products with high accuracy and real-time verification speed. The proposed solution provides a scalable and efficient framework for enhancing supply chain integrity and protecting consumers against fake goods
Abstract Counterfeit and stolen goods seriously threaten the reliability of modern supply chains. They affect consumer trust, brand reputation, and economic stability. To tackle this issue, this paper presents a blockchain-based smart supply chain framework. It combines Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) with dual-layer Anti-counterfeiting mechanisms such as RFID tags and holographic labels [2], [6]. Each physical product connects to a unique NFT, creating a secure digital twin on a private blockchain network [3], [8]. This setup ensures traceability, verifies authenticity, and keeps transaction records safe from tampering [1], [5].. The proposed system includes a new Supply Chain Consensus (SCC) algorithm, designed specifically for supply chains. It classifies nodes by trust and stake to allow for efficient and scalable transaction validation. Also, a collateral-based incentive mechanism encourages honest participation among all involved, including manufacturers, transporters, buyers, and arbitrators [7]. Furthermore, a decentralized dispute resolution model features a transparent voting process that ensures fairness and accountability during conflicts [8]. A conceptual framework and simulation-based analysis were carried out to assess the system's performance in terms of transaction efficiency, security, and counterfeit reduction [1], [5]. The findings show that this approach significantly boosts supply chain transparency, lowers verification costs, and improves product authentication compared to traditional centralized systems [4]. This framework provides a scalable and secure solution for the next generation of supply chains, particularly in sectors like pharmaceuticals, luxury goods, and electronics. Keywords: Blockchain, Smart Supply Chain, Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs), Anti-Counterfeiting, Digital Twin, RFID, Smart Contracts, Supply Chain Security.
The fisheries sector plays a critical role in Indonesia's economy. However, current implementations remain fragmented, leading to significant challenges in data reliability and verification. This fragmentation constrains cross-stakeholder verification and regulatory compliance across Aruna's ecosystem. Existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems offer limited transparency and lack end-to-end certification workflows. This study proposes a blockchain-enabled traceability model that integrates an ERP system with QR-based verification technology to ensure verifiable provenance. Data were gathered through business-process mapping, systematic literature review, and in-depth stakeholder interviews. The model was evaluated and validated through online interview sessions with Aruna stakeholders to ensure practical applicability and business alignment. Smart contracts are utilized to automate critical batch creation, catch logging, quality control, role-based access control, and certification binding (SKP, HC, HACCP) to batch records. A QR interface enables on-demand access to verifiable batch histories for authorized internal users, regulators, buyers, and consumers. A proof-of-concept was implemented on a Polygon-compatible local Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) through sequential transactions. Stakeholder validation indicated that the model improved traceability integrity, reduced manual checks at handover points, and enhanced the credibility of certification data. By strengthening verifiable provenance, inclusion of small-scale fishers, and compliance efficiency within Aruna's ecosystem, the approach aligns with SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth and SDG 14 on life below water.
Traditional traceability systems in aquatic product supply chains suffer from centralization, data tampering risks, and single points of failure, which directly threaten food safety and consumer trust. To address these vulnerabilities, this paper proposes a secure and trustworthy traceability model leveraging blockchain technology. We integrate the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to alleviate on-chain storage pressure while ensuring data immutability through cryptographic linking. To counter the risk of plaintext exposure in IPFS, we introduce a symmetric encryption mechanism prior to off-chain storage. The proposed architecture ensures end-to-end data integrity, confidentiality, and access control. Security analysis and experimental validation confirm the robustness and feasibility of our approach against common threats such as unauthorized access and data leakage.
In the context of Industry 4.0, industrial firms are encountering new challenges related to data management, flow traceability, security and process transparency. Blockchain, as a distributed ledger technology, offers innovative solutions to meet these challenges. This study proposes a systematic literature review (SLR) on the recent contributions of blockchain in industrial environments. A total of 20 scientific articles, published over the last ten years, were analyzed to better understand how this technology is being integrated into production processes and supply chains. The analysis identified four major areas in which blockchain is being mobilized: traceability of production processes, transparency of supply chains, integration into digital industrial systems, and its role in decision support. The results show that blockchain enables reliable, real-time monitoring of industrial operations, particularly when coupled with technologies such as IoT, smart contracts or event-driven databases. It also promotes better coordination between players, reinforces trust, and facilitates audits in complex or multi-actor environments. However, despite its potential, several limitations remain. Barriers related to scalability, implementation costs, system interoperability and the integration of manual tasks still limit its widespread adoption. Furthermore, in many cases, blockchain is treated as a secondary technology, reducing the depth of analysis available. This review offers a structured vision of the contributions and limitations of blockchain in industry while identifying future research prospects, particularly around hybrid models and concrete implementation cases.
This paper presents a ubiquitous, blockchain-based system designed to improve transparency, traceability and trust in supply chains involving autonomous vehicles (AVs). The framework integrates Internet of Things (IoT) sensors, radio-frequency identification (RFID) and QR identifiers, global positioning system (GPS) tracking, and mobile communications with smart contracts implemented on the Ethereum 2.0 blockchain. The main contributions are as follows: (1) an architecture enabling real-time monitoring and automated verification of logistics transactions; (2) a proof of concept integrating blockchain, the IoT and Android-based OBUs; and (3) a quantitative analysis of gas and smart contract execution costs. Experimental tests show gas consumption ranging from 21,000 to 5,000,000 units and transaction costs ranging from 0.0001 to 0.0033 ETH, confirming the system’s technical feasibility and cost-efficiency. As well as cost and efficiency, the process improved transparency, real-time traceability and decentralized verification, confirming the system’s efficacy for supply chains involving autonomous vehicles.
The agricultural food supply chain (FSC) is a critical infrastructure that demands robust traceability, transparency, and security to ensure food safety and consumer trust. However, current FSC systems suffer from third-party dependencies, data integrity concerns, limited traceability, and fragmented communication among stakeholders. To address these issues, we propose a novel blockchain-based solution featuring a hybrid architecture that efficiently balances on-chain security with off-chain scalability. Unlike conventional approaches, our design introduces specialized smart contracts tailored to agricultural workflows. The system is implemented using Ethereum smart contracts and the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) to ensure end-toend traceability. Experimental evaluation demonstrates 50.41% lower CPU usage, 65.37% reduced latency, and 48.73% higher throughput compared to existing methods. Additionally, security analysis with Slither confirms the system's robustness. This work sets a new benchmark for building efficient, transparent, and secure food supply chains.
Aguirre Ortiz, SofÃa, Parrado Carreño, Gary Yeffet, Zamora, Jairo
Accelerated global digitalization is threatened by a profound crisis of digital trust, marked by systemic data breaches and eroding confidence in centralized intermediaries. This article investigates Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) as a foundational solution, examining its capacity to replace institutional trust with cryptographic assurance through decentralized verification. Through a rigorous comparative case study methodology analyzing cross-border finance and supply chain traceability, the research assesses how DLT mitigates counterparty risk while generating new forms of economic value. The core analysis focuses on critical implementation tensions between operational scalability requirements and ideological decentralization goals, alongside the challenge of reconciling immutable systems with evolving global regulatory frameworks. Empirical findings confirm DLT's tangible economic value through significant reductions in financial verification costs and settlement timeframes, while simultaneously generating measurable consumer trust premiums in supply chain applications through verifiable provenance. However, evidence reveals a fundamental trade-off: practical enterprise adoption consistently favors high-throughput permissioned ledgers, compromising decentralization ideals for operational scalability and governance control. Significant regulatory friction further necessitates hybrid data architectures, positioning DLT as a crucial assurance layer within broader compliance ecosystems rather than a standalone solution. This underscores the need for future research developing integrated trust frameworks that balance technological potential with implementation pragmatism across diverse sectoral contexts.
Introduction Maintaining traceability within the food supply chain is key to ensuring food safety, quality, and regulatory compliance. In recent years, digital technologies—especially blockchain – have been adopted to enhance transparency and trust in ‘farm-to-fork’ traceability systems, reducing fraud risk and enhancing recall management and strengthening consumer trust. However, their adoption differs based on variability in technological readiness, economic viability, and regulatory requirements. Methods This paper provides a scoping review of the application of such digital tools to enhance traceability throughout the European agri-food supply chain. being applied across the European agri-food supply chain to improve traceability. Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched multiple databases (Web of Science, ProQuest, IEEE Xplore, Alcorze) for relevant literature and included 60 peer-reviewed studies (primarily 2010–2025) that met our criteria (focus on blockchain, IoT, AI, or big data in European food supply chain traceability). Results and Discussion Blockchain emerged as the most frequently studied technology for food traceability —appearing in over 40% of the selected studies —often deployed in combination with IoT sensors, RFID tags, or QR codes to create end-to-end transparency. These digital interventions are reported to strengthen traceability and consumer trust, improve supply chain efficiency, and support sustainability initiatives. However, adoption remains uneven. Most studies describe conceptual frameworks or pilot implementations rather than fully realized systems, and real-world deployment is hampered by interoperability challenges, scalability issues, regulatory uncertainties, and high costs. In conclusion, blockchain-based traceability shows great promise for the European food sector, but targeted efforts are needed to overcome it. Systematic Review https://archive.org/details/osf-registrations-m34ve-v1 .
Joel Curado Silveirinha, Manila Bhandari, João C. Ferreira, Ana Martins
Despite the maritime supply chain being the backbone of global trade, it faces persistent challenges in transparency, fraud prevention, shipment tracking and data privacy. Blockchain technology has emerged as a transformative solution, enhancing trust and traceability within supply chain networks. However, its limitations in data privacy and scalability necessitate advanced privacy-preserving mechanisms. Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) offers a cryptographic approach to validate data without exposing sensitive information, addressing blockchain’s privacy constraints. This paper reviews the state of the art on current applications of blockchain in maritime supply chain management and explores the integration of ZKP for secure trade document verification, fraud detection, privacy-preserving traceability and regulatory compliance. Additionally, it examines computational overhead, scalability and adoption barriers while proposing future research directions. Implementing ZKP within blockchain-based port operations enables robust governance models, ensuring data verification without revealing confidential details. This approach fosters a secure and privacy-compliant trade environment, enhancing trust and collaboration among stakeholders. By optimising resource allocation and mitigating risks, integrating ZKP can significantly improve maritime supply chain efficiency. Integrating Zero-Knowledge Proofs with blockchain, maritime logistics can achieve a balance between transparency, security and operational efficiency, addressing existing challenges in data privacy and regulatory compliance, improving the sustainability of port operations.
Counterfeit consumer products have become a serious global issue effecting several industries like medicines, electronics, luxury goods and fast moving consumer goods. Existing supply chain management systems offer no transparency and traceability creating vulnerabilities for counterfeit goods to access legitimate marketplaces. This paper proposes a complete blockchain-based framework for counterfeit goods detection and authentication. Our proposed framework uses Ethereum blockchain technology, smart contracts programmed in Solidity and a user-friendly ReactJS UI to create product authentication system that is immutable and transparent. The software allows producers to register authentic products with unique identifiers (UIDs) such as QR codes or serial numbers on the blockchain along with product metadata such as manufacturer, manufacture date, batch data, and product specifications. Consumers and vendors can utilize the UI to authenticate product claims for trust verification. As consumer and vendor users are using the UI, they can even verify authenticity with the real-time capability to interact with the blockchain, while also ensuring data integrity through user tampering and illegal changes. The UI is utilizing the Truffle framework for creating and deploying a smart contract on the Ethereum blockchain, Ganache local blockchain simulator, and web3.js for being able to connect from frontend to the blockchain. Experimental results show a significant improvement in authenticating goods, decreased verification time and increased transparency through the use of our product authentication system. The proposed framework represents a viable solution to significant challenges in product authentication while providing scalability, security and cost effectiveness for global acceptance and use.
Mohit Malik, Rahul S Mor, Vijay Kumar Gahlawat, Vikas Kumar
• Presents a novel hybrid blockchain and AI-enabled end-to-end SC traceability model. • Validates a multilayer Web3-based architecture integrating smart contracts, ML algorithms & IoT-enabled data capture. • Offers a proof-of-concept and feasibility analysis, highlighting scalability, transaction speed & system responsiveness. Conventional traceability systems without real-time information transmission are susceptible to tampering. In contrast, blockchain and artificial intelligence (AI)-enabled traceability models offer transparency and accountability, given their decentralized nature and immutability. This research conceptualizes and develops a hybrid blockchain and AI-enabled traceability (prototype) model and implements it in the dairy industry. The study includes a collaborative research methodology, including a literature review to analyze the existing traceability solutions, identify data entry points, select model requirements, and deploy smart contracts, decentralized applications (Dapps) and Web3 technologies to develop and validate the proposed model via Testnet . The findings present the user interface developed as a prototype traceability model and its characteristics, such as transparency, decentralized nature, and immutability, followed by practical validation. The post-implementation data analysis highlighted the security, privacy, smart contract validation rules, and comparative insights, as well as the alignment of the theoretical model with practical applications using Web3 technologies. This research contributes to the literature on hybrid blockchain and AI-enabled traceability, highlighting the potential for exploring opportunities in the food industry.
Food security is a serious global issue, concerning the availability, accessibility, safety, and stability of food. The agri-food supply chain, which connects farms to consumers, often faces problems such as fragmented data systems, poor transparency, and low trust between stakeholders. These problems make decision-making slow and reduce the quality and safety of food. During the Fourth Industrial Revolution (IR4.0), digital technologies are transforming many industries, including food sector. Among them, blockchain has emerged as a critical enabler for traceability and accountability. However, balancing transparency and privacy remains a major challenge as sensitive business data must be protected. Without solving this issue, many stakeholders are not ready to accept blockchain solutions. This study analyses current blockchain limitations and proposes a privacy-preserving blockchain solution for agri-food supply chains. Using the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), this work identifies key privacy gaps, designs a solution integrating selective data sharing, access control, and privacy-preserving techniques such as zero-knowledge proofs and differential privacy and outlines future empirical validation through prototype implementation. These features aim to balance open traceability with the need to keep important information private. The results suggest that a privacy-preserving blockchain can enhance trust, protect private data, and maintain transparency in the food chain. This makes the system more resilient and reliable. At the same time, it supports the United Nations goals, especially Goal 2 (Zero Hunger) and Goal 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), by helping to build food supply chains that are safe, fair, and sustainable.
The global agricultural supply chain that supplies the world's food faces transparency, traceability and security as significant challenges, with trust being the main casualty due to numerous food safety incidents. The blockchain technology is turning out to be a good solution to the problem of supply chain but the numerous platforms available make it difficult for the implementers to choose. This paper offers a detailed comparison of seven most discussed blockchain platforms Ethereum, Solana, Hyperledger Fabric, VeChain, Corda, Zcash and Monero for applications in the agricultural supply chain. The study builds a well-organized evaluation framework dealing with seven parameters such as scalability, privacy features, consensus mechanisms, smart contract capabilities and implementation costs. The results reveal that although many platforms have specific advantages, Solana is the one with the most excellent performance for large volume applications of the agricultural supply chain because of its outstanding throughput (65, 000 TPS), very low transaction costs (~$0.00025) and very short confirmation times. The research points out that the technical capabilities of Solana are very much similar to the requirements of the agricultural food supply chains that aim at being transparent and hence the most convenient combination of performance, cost and functionality for sector wide implementation.
Azz-eddine Meafa, Abla Chaouni Benabdellah, Kamar Zekhnini, Surajit Bag
The automotive supply chain (ASC) in Northern Africa faces many challenges related to traceability, trust deficits, data integrity, heavy workloads and intermediary involvement in its sourcing process (SP). These challenges can hinder this process’s efficiency and sustainability while sourcing suitable suppliers for the supply chain (SC). Thus, digitalization stands as a powerful facilitator in managing complex processes and blockchain technology (BT) is promoted to effectively address similar issues. In this regard, this article aims to build a smart SP model guided by lean practices and green principles using BT and smart contracts to achieve operational excellence (OE) in the automotive SP in the Northern Africa context. To do so, this study conducts interviews with experts to investigate contextual issues and identify the main challenges faced by the current automotive SP. Then, it proposes the smart SP as a solution for these challenges. The proposed solution uses an algorithmic approach to develop the smart contract algorithms for six sub-processes of the smart SP. Furthermore, the study offers multiple business implications on the digitalization of the SP to reduce higher workloads of the sourcing team, cost related to intermediary elimination and decentralized data management to deal with integrity, traceability and trust challenges while searching for potential partners.
Ibsen G. Bazie, Alidor M. Mbayandjambe, Kevin nguemdjom, Alain M. Kuyunsa · 9 authors
Africa’s agricultural sector employs over 60% of the continent’s population but faces challenges in product traceability and food security due to limited infrastructure and information asymmetries. This paper presents a blockchain-based traceability framework specifically designed for African agricultural supply chains, integrating smart contracts with electronic labelling (E-labelling) technologies to address socioeconomic constraints. We developed a decentralized system using Ethereum blockchain platform, implemented through Solidity smart contracts and a NextJS web application, optimized for low-bandwidth environments common in sub-Saharan Africa. The framework incorporates automated QR code generation enabling smallholder farmers to participate in transparent supply chains without extensive technical expertise. A comprehensive analysis of 13 blockchain applications revealed gaps in addressing African-specific challenges such as limited connectivity, multilingual requirements, and diverse regulatory environments. The proposed system is evaluated using the ADJENDE agribusiness case study design parameters from Burkina Faso, demonstrating practical applicability in West African contexts. Experimental validation shows functional product traceability with average transaction processing times of 20-25 seconds and gas costs of approximately 6,000,000 units per transaction. The prototype demonstrates capability for farmers to register crop information, track processing stages, and provide consumers with verifiable product authenticity through QR code scanning. This work presents a blockchain framework prototype designed for African agricultural contexts, addressing critical challenges of food security, rural economic empowerment, and consumer protection across the continent.