Blockchain-Based Collaborative Traceability Framework for Inclusive and Transparent Fisheries Supply Chains: Case Study of Aruna

Abstract

The fisheries sector plays a critical role in Indonesia's economy. However, current implementations remain fragmented, leading to significant challenges in data reliability and verification. This fragmentation constrains cross-stakeholder verification and regulatory compliance across Aruna's ecosystem. Existing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems offer limited transparency and lack end-to-end certification workflows. This study proposes a blockchain-enabled traceability model that integrates an ERP system with QR-based verification technology to ensure verifiable provenance. Data were gathered through business-process mapping, systematic literature review, and in-depth stakeholder interviews. The model was evaluated and validated through online interview sessions with Aruna stakeholders to ensure practical applicability and business alignment. Smart contracts are utilized to automate critical batch creation, catch logging, quality control, role-based access control, and certification binding (SKP, HC, HACCP) to batch records. A QR interface enables on-demand access to verifiable batch histories for authorized internal users, regulators, buyers, and consumers. A proof-of-concept was implemented on a Polygon-compatible local Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) through sequential transactions. Stakeholder validation indicated that the model improved traceability integrity, reduced manual checks at handover points, and enhanced the credibility of certification data. By strengthening verifiable provenance, inclusion of small-scale fishers, and compliance efficiency within Aruna's ecosystem, the approach aligns with SDG 8 on decent work and economic growth and SDG 14 on life below water.