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92,314 results · page 3830 of 3,847
馨 黒澤, Kaoru Kurosawa, わかは 尾形, Wakaha Ogata · 8 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Alfredo Lozano Castro
espanolDiversos estudios, ensayos, discursos, trabajos, etc., sobre la «ciudad hispanoamericana», concuerdan que la fundacion de ciudades en America represento algo asi como la implantacion de una forma de vida civilizada en los pueblos nativos indigenas, convirtiendose dicho acontecimiento en una de las aportaciones culturales del viejo al nuevo continente. Este criterio, que sostienen en la actualidad algunos sectores del pensamiento iberoamericano, plantea algunos interrogantes: ?Ha sido verificado este criterio en la realidad geografica del vasto territorio americano con el detenimiento indispensable para llegar a conclusiones ciertas? ?Responde este criterio a la realidad de los conocimientos alcanzados por las civilizaciones prehispanas y en particular la civilizacion andina representada en su ultima fase de evolucion autarquica por la cultura inca? ?Tenia dicha cultura una forma de organizacion territorial? Este articulo intenta desde nuestra propia experiencia ofrecer respuestas partiendo del analisis de un caso particular, Ias ciudades hispanoandinas del Ecuador. EnglishA host of studies, papers, speeches, theses and what you will on-The Spanish-American City» seem to agree that the founding of these answered something akin to a wish to set up forms of civilized life amongst the native population and that thus these represent a cultural gift of the Old to the New World. Though this idea has been taken up by certain sectors of Ibero-American thinking of Iate, one or two doubts as to its validity could still be raised, or so the paper claims. Has it in fact ever been put to the proof in terms of the immensity of the americas in such a way that such an examination could offer some hard and fast conclusions, we are asked? Does it answer to that stake of affairs that our knowledge of pre-hispanic civilizations allows us now to understand? this mos especially when considering the andine culture as then bodied forth in the last flowering of Inca cultures evolution in autarchy. Was this culture orgainized in a territorial way? The paper, based as it is on the author's own experience, offers answers to these questions that take the Hispano-Andine cities of Equador as their touch stones.
Milton Terris
No abstract is available for this record.
Deborah A. Verstegen
The Reagan administration’s “New Federalism” agenda focused on redirecting national priorities and decentralizing domestic programs through budgetary policy. This research analyzes the consequences of national policy shifts occurring over the decade of the 1980s for public education. Utilizing a multimethod research design, it addresses four fundamental questions: (a) What have been the federal investments in education during the Reagan years? (b) How has the overall Department of Education (ED) budget fared over this time? (c) How have individual programs in ED been affected? (d) In sum, what fiscal changes have occurred in education during the Reagan presidency and to what extent have devolution and diminution in federal education policy been influenced by the Administration’s policies? The author finds significant shifts have occurred in federal education policy and finance during the 1980s. Tax reductions, deficit financing, dwindling productivity, and an uncertain economic outlook indirectly accomplished what could not be otherwise achieved, and set the basis for a new era in national education policy and finance well beyond the Reagan years.
Cynthia Dwork, Larry Stockmeyer
We initiate an investigation of interactive proof systems (IPS'S) and zero knowledge interactive proof systems where the verifier is a %way probabilistic finite state automaton (2pfa). Among other results, we show: 1. There is a class of 2pfa verifiers and a language L such that L has a zero knowledge IPS with respect to this class of verifiers, and L cannot be recognized by any verifier in the class on its own; 2. There is a language L such that L has an IPS with 2pfa verifiers but L has no zero knowledge IPS with 2pfa verifiers.
Kazuo Ohta, Tatsuaki Okamoto
No abstract is available for this record.
Sanguan Nitayarumphong
Thailand has a long history of primary health care (PHC) development which started before the Declaration of Alma Ata in 1978. The National PHC programme was implemented nation-wide as part of the Fourth National Health Development Plan (1977–1981) focusing on the training of ‘grass-root’ PHC workers consisting of village health communicators and village health volunteers. Since then PHC has evolved through many innovative health activities: community organization, community self-financing and management, the restructuring of the health system and multisectoral co-ordination. Many of the essential elements of PHC have been achieved. Improvements in the nutritional status of children under five households accessiblity to clean water, immunization coverage, and the availablity of essential drugs have been observed. PHC has been successful in Thailand because of community involvement in health, collaboration between govermment and non-govermment organizations, the integration of the PHC programme, the decentralization of planning and management, intersectors collaboration at operational levels, resource allocation in favour of PHC, the management and continuous supervision of the PHC programme from the national down to the district level, and the horizontal teaining of villagers to villagers.
Michael Pearlman
No abstract is available for this record.
Robert H. Aten
Two aspects of Western public finance, the economic theory of federalism and public choice theory, have insights that, if adopted in the Soviet Union, could help improve its resource allocation to permit economic growth, mitigate the problems it has with its minorities, and aid the transition away from a centralized, Communist-Party-dominated State and society. The economic reforms proposed by Chairman Mikhail Gorbachev are briefly summarized and criticized in the context of a summary discussion of governmental decisionmaking in the Soviet Union. Lessons are identified from the U.S. historical experience that suggest certain steps to improve local government as necessary preconditions for improving Soviet economic efficiency. These are free local elections, a free local press, an independent judiciary with real authority to protect the integrity of the press and local elections, real decentralization of political power to the regions, steps toward equalization of fiscal capacity among the regions, increased citizen mobility, and adoption of actions to provide incentives for Western investment in local government capital formation. This last precondition requires a convertible currency. (To achieve a convertable currency may require other economic and political changes that are beyond the scope of this paper.) Aspects of the paper rely on information publically available through mid-1989.
Kenneth Lipartito
Although lawyers made crucial contributions to the development of business, scholars have said little about their role. As the following article explains, lawyers fought restrictions on business growth, worked to make laws uniform, and helped to establish legal rules in the areas of corporate reorganization, finance, and regulation. Pioneering a new type of organization—the large firm—they moved beyond the realm of legal doctrine and acquired the political influence, local knowledge, and community connections needed to reform the nation's decentralized legal system in ways that fit the demands of national-scale business.
Manuel Blum, Paul Feldman, Silvio Micali
No abstract is available for this record.
Wellner, Ingrid
No abstract is available for this record.
Cynthia Dwork, Larry Stockmeyer
No abstract is available for this record.
Robert C. Merton
No abstract is available for this record.
Walter Eversheim, H.J. Schmitz-Mertens, U. Wiegershaus
No abstract is available for this record.
Jørgen Brandt, Ivan Damgård, Peter Landrock, Torben Pedersen
No abstract is available for this record.
Joan Boyar, Stuart A. Kurtz, Mark W. Krentel
No abstract is available for this record.
Marilyn L. Flynn, Young-Soon Chung
No abstract is available for this record.
Alfredo De Santis, Silvio Micali, Giuseppe Persiano
No abstract is available for this record.
Mike Burmester
No abstract is available for this record.
Mihir Bellare, Silvio Micali, Rafail Ostrovsky
Quadratic residuosity and graph isomorphism are classic problems and the canonical examples of zero-knowledge languages. However, despite much research effort, all previous zero-knowledge proofs for them required either unproven complexity assumptions or an unbounded number of rounds of message exchange.
Moni Naor, Moti Yung
We show how to construct a public-key cryptosystem (as originally defined by DiNe and Hellman) secure against chosen ciphertezt attacks, given a public-key cryptosystern secure against passive eavesdropping and a noninteractive zero-knowledge proof system in the shared string model. No such secure cryptosystems were known before. A concrete implementation can be based on quadratic residuosity intractability.
Michael Ben-Or, Oded Goldreich, Shafi Goldwasser, Johan Håstad · 7 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Alfredo De Santis, Silvio Micali, Giuseppe Persiano
No abstract is available for this record.