Blockchain Papers

Sonia Arsi

No abstract is available for this record.

Haitham Y. Adarbah, Kewei Sha, Afzel Noore

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across edge devices without centralizing raw data, but existing frameworks remain ill-equipped to support data privacy regulations mandated by GDPR, HIPAA, and CCPA. Once user data has influenced training, its verifiable removal becomes prohibitively expensive, particularly in non-IID and resource-constrained edge environments. This paper introduces a modular and scalable federated unlearning framework that unifies three complementary strategies: gradient subtraction, knowledge distillation, and checkpoint rollback, within an adaptive decision layer. A resource-aware checkpoint manager reduces storage costs through compression and pruning, while a privacy and trust layer integrates zero-knowledge proofs, differential privacy, and Merkle-based audit logs to provide verifiable guarantees of deletion. A non-IID-aware aggregator further preserves fairness across heterogeneous clients. Unlike prior approaches, our proposed framework systematically integrates rollback efficiency with formal privacy protections and auditability, offering a practical path toward trustworthy and regulation-compliant unlearning in domains such as healthcare, transportation, and smart agriculture.

Wally A. Sowe, Ebrima 伊比;Ceesay

The global REDD+ framework designed to curb greenhouse gas emissions by reducing deforestation and forest degradation has become a central pillar of international climate mitigation efforts, particularly in tropical forest nations such as Indonesia. Despite its significant potential, the implementation of REDD+ in Indonesia continues to encounter systemic barriers that undermine its effectiveness. Key challenges include fragmented and weak governance systems, inconsistent and unpredictable financial support, unresolved land tenure arrangements, and the persistent exclusion of indigenous and local communities from meaningful participation in forest management. These structural limitations diminish the capacity of REDD+ to generate measurable and sustained climate benefits. This study provides an in depth examination of the institutional, socio-political, and economic obstacles that constrain REDD+ performance in Indonesia. It argues that the current project oriented and carbon-accounting–driven model must evolve into a more integrated governance architecture that aligns environmental conservation with livelihood security and equitable resource distribution. To strengthen REDD+ outcomes, the research advances several policy innovations, including the decentralization of forest governance, diversification of long-term financing pathways, recognition and protection of customary land rights, and systematic incorporation of local ecological knowledge. Enhanced monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) systems are also highlighted as essential for ensuring transparency and accountability. Insights from case studies in Central Kalimantan and West Papua further demonstrate that the durability of REDD+ initiatives hinges on community empowerment, clear land tenure arrangements, and reliable funding mechanisms. Together, these findings emphasize the urgent need to redesign REDD+ governance in Indonesia to ensure it functions not only as a climate mitigation instrument but also as a socially just and economically viable conservation strategy.

Khira Belgada, Laila El Abbadi

In the context of Industry 4.0, industrial firms are encountering new challenges related to data management, flow traceability, security and process transparency. Blockchain, as a distributed ledger technology, offers innovative solutions to meet these challenges. This study proposes a systematic literature review (SLR) on the recent contributions of blockchain in industrial environments. A total of 20 scientific articles, published over the last ten years, were analyzed to better understand how this technology is being integrated into production processes and supply chains. The analysis identified four major areas in which blockchain is being mobilized: traceability of production processes, transparency of supply chains, integration into digital industrial systems, and its role in decision support. The results show that blockchain enables reliable, real-time monitoring of industrial operations, particularly when coupled with technologies such as IoT, smart contracts or event-driven databases. It also promotes better coordination between players, reinforces trust, and facilitates audits in complex or multi-actor environments. However, despite its potential, several limitations remain. Barriers related to scalability, implementation costs, system interoperability and the integration of manual tasks still limit its widespread adoption. Furthermore, in many cases, blockchain is treated as a secondary technology, reducing the depth of analysis available. This review offers a structured vision of the contributions and limitations of blockchain in industry while identifying future research prospects, particularly around hybrid models and concrete implementation cases.

Abobakr Alsufyani

Background: Yemen is facing one of the most severe energy crises in the world, exacerbated by decades of conflict. In this context, sustainable energy solutions, particularly renewable energy technologies, have emerged as a critical pathway to addressing Yemen’s energy deficit while reducing environmental impact. The country possesses significant potential for renewable energy exploitation, especially solar and wind resources, due to its geographic location and climatic conditions. Scholars, policymakers, and development agencies have examined the challenges and opportunities facing Yemen's transition to a sustainable energy future. Objectives: This review paper aims to synthesize current knowledge on sustainable energy development in Yemen, exploring the potential of solar, wind, and other renewable resources, evaluating ongoing projects and policies, and identifying barriers and opportunities for future growth. By providing a comprehensive overview, this paper seeks to contribute to the understanding of how sustainable energy can support Yemen's recovery, economic development, and long-term resilience. Methods: The current review have been studied and analysed key studies and technical reports from 2010 to 2025, including contributions from the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), the International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA), the World Bank, and regional academic institutions. The analysis categorizes existing literature into five thematic areas: (i) renewable energy potential assessment, (ii) energy policy and governance, (iii) investment and financing mechanisms, (iv) environmental and social impacts, and (v) capacity development and institutional strengthening. Results: Recent policy reforms, scheduled for 2024, aim to establish the Authority for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency. The evolution of renewable energy policy in Yemen from 2010 to 2024 shows steady growth. Financing is a key challenge in Yemen's renewable energy transformation, although limited access to international financing, coupled with political risks, has limited private sector engagement. Renewable energy brings numerous environmental and social benefits to Yemen. Research shows that solar microgrids increase household incomes by 15 – 20%. Environmental goals include reducing CO2 emissions by 40% by 2050, increasing green space, and ensuring sustainable land-use planning for solar and wind farms. Furthermore, regional comparative studies show that the cost of solar photovoltaic (PV) systems in Yemen is competitive with fossil fuel-based generation, especially when long-term maintenance and fuel import costs are taken into account. Overall, Yemen's renewable energy potential is quite promising, with solar energy leading the way due to its volume, cost-effectiveness, and ease of deployment. Wind, biomass, and geothermal resources offer additional opportunities that can diversify Yemen's energy mix, increase resilience, and promote sustainable development. Conclusion: Ambitious targets have been set to diversify Yemen's energy mix and improve efficiency, including a 15% share of renewable energy by 2025, rural solar electrification, and improved energy sector efficiency. However, achieving success in this area still requires concessional and blended financing to reduce investment risks, the promotion of modular and decentralized deployment models (mini-grids, rooftop solar panels), and the integration of renewable energy expansion into resilience and recovery planning.

Tang Zhou, Le Wang, Minxian Liang

There is a large amount of redundant data among users of cloud storage services. Client-side deduplication helps reduce the cost for service providers by avoiding repeated uploads and storage. However, this technique brings new security risks. Malicious users may use illegally obtained deduplication tags, such as file fingerprints, to fake ownership of other users’ files. Proof of Ownership (PoW) can require users to prove they have the full file, but existing methods are inefficient. They often need multiple rounds of interaction or complex computation over the whole file. As a result, the verification time increases with file size. To solve this problem, we propose a non-interactive PoW scheme based on zk-STARK. The system selects a number of challenge blocks that meet cryptographic security. It uses arithmetic circuits to encode block selection, hash computation, and the correctness of accumulators. Users only need to generate a zero-knowledge proof on these blocks. This allows them to prove they own the full file without revealing its content. The verification time does not depend on file size and appears near-constant in practice. In tests on files from 64 MB to 1 GB, our scheme is 1.2 to 46 times faster than existing methods. Security analysis shows that only a small number of blocks need to be verified. Even if an attacker knows 90% of the file, the chance of forgery is still lower than 2 − 80 . This scheme provides an efficient and practical solution for deduplication in cloud storage with strong privacy protection.

Kholiq Abdullah, Mitsugu Iwamoto, Yohei Watanabe

We present the Proof of Fairness Ledger (PoFL), a unified cryptographic framework for decentralized sealed-bid auctions that jointly ensures privacy, input fairness, output correctness, and public verifiability. PoFL separates a minimal Commit-Open-Verify pipeline from optional extensions, keeping the core lightweight while enabling stronger auditability when required. Its central construct, the frozen root snapshot R*, instantiated as a Merkle-style hash accumulator, immutably binds all timely commitments before the opening phase and serves as a public anchor for verification. After opening, correctness can be proven either by direct bid comparison or by a succinct Zero-Knowledge Proof of Winner, which attests inclusion, commitment consistency, and bid maximality with respect to R*. We analyze PoFL under standard cryptographic assumptions - discrete logarithm hardness, collision-resistant hashing, and the Random Oracle Model—and discuss practical efficiency for on-chain and off-chain deployment. Constant-size verification and logarithmic inclusion proofs make PoFL suitable for smart-contract implementation. Additionally, PoFL can integrate dynamic collateral management and optional force-open mechanisms to ensure liveness and economic accountability. Overall, PoFL provides a practical and theoretically grounded approach to transparent, auditable, and privacy-preserving auctions in permissionless environments.

Muhamad Jumaa

This study offers an in-depth examination of the transformative influence of cryptocurrencies on global economic and financial systems, emphasizing their interplay with financial inclusion, regulatory evolution, and decentralized economic frameworks. Employing a mixed methods design that combines quantitative regression modeling with qualitative analysis, the research uncovers new insights into cryptocurrency adoption, particularly within emerging economies and financially marginalized populations. Unlike previous studies that focus primarily on technological or speculative dimensions, this paper critically investigates cryptocurrencies as both catalysts for financial democratization and potential sources of systemic risk. It develops a balanced framework for understanding how decentralized finance (DeFi) can coexist with regulatory oversight, proposing evidence-based policy recommendations that promote innovation while safeguarding market integrity and consumer protection. Empirical findings demonstrate that cryptocurrencies facilitate broader access to financial services due to their decentralized structure and cost-efficient transactions. However, they also expose users to challenges such as extreme price volatility, cybersecurity risks, and inconsistent regulatory environments. Moreover, socio-economic analysis reveals that individuals with prior exposure to cryptocurrencies exhibit more favorable perceptions of their societal and economic impact. The research concludes that sustainable cryptocurrency integration requires adaptive regulatory models, cross-border collaboration, and continuous monitoring of technological evolution. Future studies should expand on longitudinal and comparative analyses to evaluate how evolving governance and education strategies influence adoption and trust. By situating cryptocurrencies within the broader discourse of digital transformation and economic sustainability, this paper contributes to shaping policy and industry practices that support an inclusive, resilient, and transparent financial ecosystem.

Ziyang Zhou, Lei Xu, Liehuang Zhu

Local Differential Privacy (LDP) enables privacy-preserving data analytics without requiring a trusted aggregator and has attracted significant attention from both academia and industry. For key–value data, PrivKV has been proposed to support frequency and mean estimation under LDP. In PrivKV, the user first samples a key uniformly at random and applies a randomization mechanism to perturb the corresponding value. However, since both Sample and Perturb steps are conducted locally, PrivKV is susceptible to output poisoning attacks, where malicious users bypass these steps and submit crafted data, making the aggregation result biased. To address this vulnerability, we propose VPrivKV, a verifiable LDP protocol designed to defend against output poisoning attacks. VPrivKV enables users and the aggregator to jointly perform the sampling step using a coin-flipping protocol, while the perturbation is enforced through an interactive and verifiable mechanism. Furthermore, we propose an enhanced version of VPrivKV that integrates zero-knowledge proofs to prevent the adversary from forging the discretized value to suppress non-target keys, thereby further enhancing robustness. We theoretically analyze the privacy and robustness of the proposed protocols and conduct numerical simulations to demonstrate their effectiveness in defending against output poisoning attacks.

Opeyemi Alao, Olanike Esther Adekeye, Bashiru Temitope Adeagbo, Abolaji Taoheed Oyerinde

Cloud computing has emerged as the dominant platform for contemporary data management and service provision. However, its centralized nature poses significant risks to security, privacy, and trust. Distributed systems can enhance data integrity and auditability by incorporating blockchain technology, which offers a decentralized and tamper-resistant approach. Nevertheless, the inherent transparency of blockchain conflicts with the confidentiality requirements of cloud environments. This review paper analyzes existing studies on privacy-preserving blockchain architectures designed to secure cloud-based information systems. A systematic literature review methodology was adopted, examining forty-eight peer-reviewed studies published between 2018 and 2024. The findings reveal that researchers have explored approaches such as encryption, zero-knowledge proofs, homomorphic encryption, and hybrid on/off-chain models to balance transparency and privacy. Scalability, interoperability, and regulatory compliance remain key challenges, particularly in permissioned blockchains, which nevertheless offer advantages in governance and compliance. The study identifies research gaps and future directions, including the development of common privacy frameworks, integration of confidential computing, and establishment of standardized evaluation metrics. Overall, privacy-sensitive blockchain architectures hold strong potential for creating trustworthy and secure cloud systems.

Fatih Coşkun ERTAŞ, Batuhan Karabay

The decentralized finance (DeFi) ecosystem is an ecosystem where financial services are provided using decentralized technologies such as blockchain and smart contracts instead of traditional financial intermediaries. While the absence of any intermediary institution, organization, or authority in this ecosystem provides many advantages, it also has significant disadvantages. The most important of these disadvantages is security issues. Since the decentralized finance ecosystem is a digital ecosystem, it faces problems such as hacking attacks and smart contract errors. As a result of these problems, trust in the ecosystem can be undermined. Our study focuses on the topic of insurance activities, which is one of the steps taken to make the ecosystem safer, based on the foundation of trust. Pioneering insurance platforms operating in the decentralized finance ecosystem were examined, and a financial asset insurance transaction was carried out through the selected insurance platform. Some proposals were made regarding the problems, deficiencies, and developments needed in the ecosystem, particularly in terms of insurance, based on the issues encountered during the examination and implementation phases.

Zhi-Yong Liang, Gaoyuan Liu, Ren Yi, Ming Yang · 7 authors

With the accelerated development of the global digital economy, data spaces have become a crucial infrastructure for cross-domain data circulation and value creation. However, cross-organizational and cross-regional data sharing still faces several challenges, including insufficient trust, fragmented governance, and inconsistent standards. Against this backdrop, blockchain technology, with its decentralized, traceable, and tamper-resistant characteristics, offers new avenues for building collaborative trust mechanisms within trustworthy data spaces. This paper systematically reviews the current research on trustworthy data spaces, the blockchain, zero-knowledge proofs, and federated learning. It proposes a technology-governance-standardization (TGS) framework for cross-border governance. To verify the framework, we proposed a collaborative trust mechanism combining “on-chain light attest, off-chain deep store, and cross-layer verifiable bridge” (LPHS–XV), which achieves data availability without visibility and compliance auditability. A prototype was then validated in the cross-border medical data space at the Macao-Hengqin Station, providing a scalable experience for global data governance.

Kenneth Wong, Thein Lai Wong, Wei Jie Wong

Self-Sovereign Identity (SSI) empowers users to manage their digital identities independently, but many systems are constrained to specific blockchains. Aries Cloud Agent Python (ACA-Py), based on Hyperledger Aries, supports decentralized identity but is limited to Hyperledger Indy, excluding Ethereum ecosystems. This paper proposes an adaptation layer that integrates ACA-Py with Ethereum by converting identity operations to Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM)-compatible formats. The layer uses Python middleware (e.g., Registry.py, Wallet.py) and Solidity smart contracts (e.g., AnonCredRegistry, DIDManagement) for DID registration, schema publication, and credential management on-chain. Motivated by Ethereum's smart contract capabilities, this enhances SSI in EVM networks, enabling identity-based access controls and automated verifications. Unlike developing a new agent, this preserves ACA-Py's architecture, ensuring reusability and compliance with W3C DID/VC standards and Aries RFCs. Implemented with Python, Solidity, and Truffle Suite, the layer was tested on Ganache, validating credential issuance, verification, and DID anchoring. Evaluations showed low latencies (e.g., schema addition: 137 ms) and gas costs (e.g., DID registration: ~50,000 gas). A STRIDE-based security analysis confirms minimal vulnerabilities. This framework promotes interoperable SSI in EVM environments without core modifications.

Priya D. Banerjee

The increasing demand for real-time decision analytics in modern enterprises has accelerated the development of edge-to-cloud data pipelines, which integrate distributed computing resources to enable instantaneous insights. Traditional centralized cloud architectures struggle with latency and bandwidth limitations, making them unsuitable for applications requiring immediate decision-making. Edge-to-cloud pipelines overcome these barriers by combining localized data processing with cloud-based intelligence, creating a continuous, adaptive flow of analytical information. This review examines the architectural principles, technological enablers, and analytical impacts of edge-to-cloud data pipelines on real-time decision-making. It explores how distributed processing, stream analytics, and AI-driven orchestration enhance responsiveness, reliability, and scalability across diverse environments. Technologies such as 5G, machine learning, and containerized orchestration platforms are discussed as key drivers of this transformation. The study also identifies challenges including data synchronization, security, interoperability, and energy efficiency at the edge. Addressing these issues is essential for realizing seamless, end-to-end analytics across hybrid ecosystems. Future directions highlight the potential of autonomous, decentralized, and quantum-enhanced data pipelines to deliver self-optimizing intelligence at global scale.Ultimately, this review concludes that edge-to-cloud data pipelines are foundational to achieving context-aware, predictive, and autonomous analytics, enabling organizations to transition from reactive operations to real-time, intelligent decision ecosystems.

Jose E. Puente, C. de la Puente

Public companies and institutional investors that hold Bitcoin face increasing pressure to show solvency, manage risk, and satisfy regulatory expectations without exposing internal wallet structures or trading strategies. This paper introduces the Treasury Proof Ledger (TPL), a Bitcoin-anchored logging framework for multi-domain Bitcoin treasuries that treats on-chain and off-chain exposures as a conserved state machine with an explicit fee sink. A TPL instance records proof-of-reserves snapshots, proof-of-transit receipts for movements between domains, and policy metadata, and it supports restricted views based on stakeholder permissions. We define an idealised TPL model, represent Bitcoin treasuries as multi-domain exposure vectors, and give deployment-level security notions including exposure soundness, policy completeness, non-equivocation, and privacy-compatible policy views. We then outline how practical, restricted forms of these guarantees can be achieved by combining standard proof-of-reserves and proof-of-transit techniques with hash-based commitments anchored on Bitcoin. The results are existence-type statements: they show which guarantees are achievable once economic and governance assumptions are set, without claiming that any current system already provides them. A stylised corporate-treasury example illustrates how TPL could support responsible transparency policies and future cross-institution checks consistent with Bitcoin's fixed monetary supply.

Minghui Xu, Guo, Yihao, Yanqiang Zhang, Zhiguang Shan · 8 authors

Cross-chain technology enables interoperability among otherwise isolated blockchains, supporting interactions across heterogeneous networks. Similar to how multi-hop communication became fundamental in the evolution of the Internet, the demand for multi-hop cross-chain interactions is gaining increasing attention. However, this growing demand introduces new security and privacy challenges. On the security side, multi-hop interactions depend on the availability of multiple participating nodes. If any node becomes temporarily offline during execution, the protocol may fail to complete correctly, leading to settlement failure or fund loss. On the privacy side, the need for on-chain transparency to validate intermediate states may unintentionally leak linkable information, compromising the unlinkability of user interactions. In this paper, we propose the Cross-Chain Channel Network (CCN), a decentralized network designed to support secure and privacy-preserving multi-hop cross-chain transactions. Through experimental evaluation, we identify two critical types of offline failures, referred to as active and passive offline cases, which have not been adequately addressed by existing solutions. To mitigate these issues, we introduce R-HTLC, a core protocol within CCN. R-HTLC incorporates an hourglass mechanism and a multi-path refund strategy to ensure settlement correctness even when some nodes go offline during execution. Importantly, CCN addresses not only the correctness under offline conditions but also maintains unlinkability in such adversarial settings. To overcome this, CCN leverages zero-knowledge proofs and off-chain coordination, ensuring that interaction relationships remain indistinguishable even when certain nodes are temporarily offline.

Roe, Paul

Classical ledger systems, including proof-of-work (PoW) and proof-of-stake (PoS) blockchains;derive their security from the assumption that irreversible computation incurs a thermodynamic cost. This assumption, rooted in Landauer’s principle, implies that reversing orre-writing global state requires expenditure of significant physical energy, and therefore canbe made economically infeasible.In this paper, we introduce the RHEA–Λ Gate Family: a reversible multi–radix (2–3–5)logic primitive with a triangular, measure-preserving topology that embeds directly intoHamiltonian phase-space flows. Each gate includes an intrinsic symbolic (glyph/entropy)register enabling perfect, lossless history retention without information erasure. Whencomposed into circuits, Λ–gates form fully reversible, entropy-preserving state-transitionoperators capable of implementing arbitrary classical computations at asymptotically zeroenergy in adiabatic regimes.We show that any ledger whose security relies on computational irreversibility becomesvulnerable in a computational substrate that supports (i) strictly reversible evolution, (ii)zero–entropy symbolic memory, and (iii) multi-radix reversible hashing. In such substrates,the economic barrier that protects ledger history vanishes: all PoW functions become ther-modynamically free, PoS penalties become reversible, and Merkle-tree hashing no longerprovides unidirectional security. We formalize this result as an impossibility theorem forirreversible-cost security models, and we construct a reversible ledger architecture whose cor-rectness is maintained through Hamiltonian invariants rather than dissipative computationalcost.The Λ framework thereby provides both (a) a constructive alternative to irreversible ledgermechanisms and (b) the first proof that classical reversible computation, when extendedto higher radices with symbolic memory, nullifies the energy-based assumptions underlyingmodern blockchain security.

Arthur Carvalho, Liudmila Zavolokina, Suman Bhunia, Gerhard Schwabe

Regulatory changes have enabled American student-athletes to profit from their name, image, and likeness (NIL). However, only a fraction of the student-athlete population is actually profiting from their NIL, which raises questions concerning fairness and inclusiveness. Motivated by that scenario, we look at technological solutions capable of sharing a limited amount of financial resources fairly and inclusively. Following a design science methodology, we define design requirements for such technological solutions after interviewing student-athletes, which leads us to establish the inclusive-meritocratic fairness criterion. Subsequently, we determine design principles that artifacts aiming at helping student-athletes should satisfy. We find that a solution that satisfies the proposed design principles is to associate student-athletes with digital collectibles represented as non-fungible tokens (NFTs). The core idea behind our artifact is that student-athletes receive royalties in primary markets after NFTs are randomly minted, plus deterministic royalties in secondary markets whenever a transaction involving their collectibles happens. Interviews with student-athletes validate our design. We conclude the paper by discussing how our ideas give rise to a new NIL design theory.

Ge Gao, Haining Yu

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAOs) overwhelmingly use token-weighted voting as their core governance mechanism. Empirical evidence reveals that this approach often leads to plutocratic governance, with voting power concentrated among a few large holders. Traditional models exacerbate this dilemma: on-chain voting is transparent but costly, marginalizing small participants, while off-chain mechanisms lower participation costs but rely on trusted multi-signature execution, reintroducing centralization. To resolve this trilemma of decentralization, efficiency, and trust, we propose a VoS. VoS introduces a trust-minimized aggregation model tailored for DAO governance: votes are collected offchain and aggregated into a constant-size proof that smart contracts verify in $O(1)$ time, thereby enabling fully on-chain execution without intermediaries. Although VoS cannot eliminate the plutocracy rooted in token distribution, it prevents governance mechanisms from amplifying it, charting a practical path toward secure, efficient, and trust-minimized DAO governance.

Mgs. Afriyan Firdaus, Deris Stiawan, Mohd. Yazid Idris, Marix Marchellino Susanto · 6 authors

In Indonesian higher education institutions, traditional methods of managing physical assets, like the semi-digital system, may lead to problems with efficiency, data integrity, and transparency. This study addresses these issues by designing, developing, and evaluating a Proof-of-Concept (PoC) for a decentralized asset management system that uses a private blockchain and a Proof-of-Authority (PoA) consensus mechanism. Using the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM), a prototype was developed to improve the processes of documenting, monitoring, maintaining, and disposing of assets using smart contracts. Functional testing and User Acceptance Testing (UAT) confirmed the system successfully manages asset administration in an integrated manner that meets user needs. A critical performance test showed that the PoA consensus reached transaction finality faster (8.588 seconds) and at a far lower cost (<$0.01) than a Proof-of-Stake (PoS) testnet (13.548 seconds and ~$1.11, respectively). The findings conclude that the PoA-based blockchain is a more secure, transparent, and efficient solution, making it highly optimal for permissioned systems of higher education asset administration and confirming its adaptability for the digitalization needs of educational institutions.

Gurbanov, Tamirlan

Stablecoin -Stable-Caucasus (STCAUX)Technical Whitepaper v1.0 Multi-Asset Commodity-Backed Stablecoin for the South Caucasus Region1. Executive Summary StableCaucasus is a multi-component stable digital asset based on the economic foundation of the South Caucasus and pegged to: ● regional currencies (AZN, GEL, AMD) oriented toward USD exchange rates; ● commodity indices: gold, agriculture, metals mining, oil and gas; ● the region’s energy and resource potential; ● Logistics ● uranium as a strategic component and future driver of global energy The goal of StableCaucasus is to create a regional, resilient digital asset that reflects the real economic potential of the Caucasus and provides users with stability, liquidity, and protection against currency volatility. 2. Mission & VisionMissionTo create the world’s first multi-commodity stable asset representing the South Caucasus as a center of: ● agricultural production, ● energy, ● gold mining, ● Logistics and strategic natural resources Vision To position StableCaucasus as: ● a settlement unit for cross-border trade between the Caucasus, GCC, EU, and Central Asia; ● a protective asset for investors; ● a digital instrument for governments, banks, logistics operators, and exporters. 3. Value Proposition StableCaucasus provides: ✔ Stability — the multi-index model reduces dependence on any single asset. ✔ Trust -each part of the formula is based on public financial and macroeconomic data. ✔ Regional relevance- partially reflects the real economy of the South Caucasus. ✔ Collateralization - the asset is backed by auditable and transparent baskets. ✔ Web3 infrastructure - BNB Chain and Ethereum compatible.

Louise de Bethune, Istvan L. Gyimes

The rapid development of digital infrastructures demands new approaches to managing born-digital data and enabling knowledge valorisation. Rather than constructing another digital Library of Alexandria, the SODHA-team is developing Project BLU, a framework for building a distributed information network. Drawing inspiration from Web3 principles—decentralisation, interoperability, and user-driven discovery—the project explores methods for metadata exchange between archives. This project engages with established metadata standards like the Data Documentation Initiative (DDI), exploring how they can support or be extended to enable interoperability. Instead of centralising data, Project BLU enables a shared, federated catalogue based on metadata-exchange accessible from any entry point. Researchers will navigate this network to discover and link data across disciplines, reducing access barriers and opening new avenues for metadata specialists. These include promoting and, where needed, upgrading DDI standards, linking interdisciplinary data, and bridging vocabularies across scientific fields. The interconnected nature of the system reinforces adherence to FAIR principles, improves access to both open and restricted data, and enhances knowledge reuse at national and international levels (e.g. linking CESSDA and DDI partners). This presentation outlines the conceptual foundations of Project BLU and its vision for transforming metadata into dynamic, actionable links across the research landscape.

Akimoto, Hitoshi

Modern states rely on legacy financial infrastructures—paper currency, centralized taxation, and compliance-heavy fiscal administration—that impose massive operational costs and produce structural inequities across generations. This paper proposes a circular, future-oriented national operating system grounded in tensional theory and value-flow mechanics. The system integrates Burn Mandate (automatic burn of violence-derived value), ChildChain (a value-distribution model prioritizing future generations), and a post-currency architecture that replaces cash-based infrastructures with programmatic smart contracts. The framework reveals (a) the cognitive and ethical limitations of full DAO governance, (b) the unsustainable tension generated by centralization-dependent money systems, and (c) the possibility of a hybrid model where governments maintain responsibility while adopting web3-derived automation. This study argues that value circulation—not accumulation—is the fundamental determinant of social stability. Integrating tensional theory with computational governance yields a normative model for a nation-state where negative externalities are burned, positive value is propagated to children, and fiscal administration becomes fully autonomous, transparent, and circular.

Ambica Sethy, Abhishek Ray

No abstract is available for this record.