Blockchain Papers

Chris Berg

No abstract is available for this record.

John Paul Cook

No abstract is available for this record.

Divesh Aggarwal, Yevgeniy Dodis, Shachar Lovett

Non-malleable codes provide a useful and meaningful security guarantee in situations where traditional error-correction (and even error-detection) is impossible, for example, when the attacker can completely overwrite the encoded message. Informally, a code is non-malleable if the message contained in a modified codeword is either the original message or a completely unrelated value. Although such codes do not exist if the family of “tampering functions” ${\mathcal F}$ is completely unrestricted, they are known to exist for many broad tampering families ${\mathcal F}$. One such natural family is the family of tampering functions in the so-called split-state model. Here the message $m$ is encoded into two shares $L$ and $R$, and the attacker is allowed to arbitrarily tamper with $L$ and $R$ individually. The split-state tampering arises in many realistic applications, such as the design of non-malleable secret sharing schemes, motivating the question of designing efficient non-malleable codes in this model. Prior to this work, non-malleable codes in the split-state model received considerable attention in the literature but either (1) were constructed in the random oracle model, or (2) relied on advanced cryptographic assumptions (such as noninteractive zero-knowledge proofs and leakage-resilient encryption), or (3) could only encode 1-bit messages. As our main result, we build the first efficient, multi-bit, information-theoretically-secure non-malleable code in the split-state model. The heart of our construction uses the following new property of the inner-product function $\langle{L,R\rangle}$ over the vector space ${{F}_p}^n$ (for a prime $p$ and large enough dimension $n$): if $L$ and $R$ are uniformly random over ${\mathbb{F}_p}^n$, and $f,g:{\mathbb{F}_p}^n\rightarrow {\mathbb{F}_p}^n$ are two arbitrary functions on $L$ and $R$, then the joint distribution $(\langle{L,R\rangle},\langle{f(L),g(R)\rangle})$ is “close” to the convex combination of “affine distributions” $\{(U,aU+b)\mid a,b\in \mathbb{F}_p\}$, where $U$ is uniformly random in ${\mathbb{F}_p}$. In turn, the proof of this surprising property of the inner product function critically relies on some results from additive combinatorics, including the so-called quasi-polynomial Freiman--Ruzsa theorem, which was recently established by Sanders [Anal. PDE, 5 (2012), pp. 627--655] as a step toward resolving the polynomial Freiman--Ruzsa conjecture [B. Green, in Surveys in Combinatorics, London Mathematical Society, London, 2005, pp. 1--29].

Weijin Wang, Jingbin Liu, Yu Qin, Dengguo Feng

No abstract is available for this record.

Pietro Marchionni

No abstract is available for this record.

Jorge Martínez-Vázquez, Cristian F. Sepúlveda

No abstract is available for this record.

Gerald W. Fry

No abstract is available for this record.

Xigao Wu, Bin Duan, Ying Zhong, Yinxin Yan · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Theodoros Stylianou

No abstract is available for this record.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Sajjad Hosain

Cryptocurrencies are a sort of digital money created and managed through the use of advanced encryption techniques known as cryptography. This paper has made a simple explanation of cryptocurrencies (particularly Bitcoin) as well as an attempt to make some future assumptions regarding such virtual currencies with the aid of previous literature and published online sources. The various aspects of these virtual currencies are yet to be discovered in detail, but the author hopes that this simple, basic and narrative paper will be helpful to those seeking basic references regarding this newest issue.

Authors unavailable

No abstract is available for this record.

Hoang-Long Nguyen, Claudia‐Lavinia Ignat, Olivier Perrin

Public key server is a simple yet effective way of key management in secure end-to-end communication. To ensure the trustworthiness of a public key server, transparent log systems such as CONIKS employ a tamper-evident data structure on the server and a gossiping protocol among clients in order to detect compromised servers. However, due to lack of incentive and vulnerability to malicious clients, a gossiping protocol is hard to implement in practice. Meanwhile, alternative solutions such as EthIKS are not scalable. This paper presents Trusternity, an auditing scheme relying on Ethereum blockchain that is easy to implement, scalable and inexpensive to operate.

Alicemani, P. Likithakariappa

Bitcoin is the first decentralized cryptocurrency to be traded. There has been drastic increase in the price of bitcoin since 2013. Granger Causality analysis has been carried out to examine whether the price of commodities and the exchange rates helps in predicting the future price of bitcoin. For this study, the price of bitcoin, commodity prices and exchange rates have been considered from Jan 2103-Sep 2017. After the analysis it can be concluded that the price of commodities and the exchange rates does not help in predicting the future price of bitcoin. The past data of the price of bitcoin helps in predicting the future price of copper and British pound exchange rate with that of U.S dollars. Using Regression analysis, it can be determined that when the price increases by 0.0084 dollars there is one unit increase in the volume of transaction. Using variance analysis it can be observed that the price of bitcoin is more volatile compared to the price of commodities and the exchange rates.

Zuzana Rakovská

The rise of the Internet changed the way how financial markets work. Due to user generated content, quite everybody might contribute to the large set of information and the exchange of news happens faster than ever. An important variable in such new era is sentiment, which causes market participants to act on noisy signals from Internet as they were valid inputs. Importantly, sentiment is considered the crucial ingredient in price formation of now increasingly attractive digital currencies. Investors' beliefs affect exchange rates of those currencies considerably simply because of lack of fundamentals and regulation. In this paper we will examine the relationship between sentiment and price of the most popular cryptocurrency, Bitcoin. We will employ three measures of sentiment constructed by Sentix survey with aim to explore the effect of both institutional and individual investor's sentiment as well as overall sentiment of the community.

Anand Shah, Anu Bahri

No abstract is available for this record.

Harold Szu

The invention of "BiT Coin (BTC)", by Satashi Nagamoto circa 2008, remains as a formidable task. There is a plenty of benefits to motivate a further development of BTC without the rare metal material as the token, as the early Digital Crypto Currency (DCC), e.g. ( "I owe you such under this reneging condition." The major difference in secured feature is taking the available World Wide Web broadcasting one-way to all memberships in the Cloud. However, only the (1) involved trading partners can read with their private keys, (2) no third party banking or broker fee, (3) no International currency exchange fee, and (4) no one can rob the digital bank, etc. These benefits have been endorsed by Small Business Innovative Research.

John Hill

No abstract is available for this record.

Aggelos Kiayias, Annabell Kuldmaa, Helger Lipmaa, Janno Siim · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Adam J. Sulkowski

No abstract is available for this record.

Lemuria Carter, Jolien Ubacht

In the past fewyears, researchers and practitioners have highlighted the potential of Blockchain (BC) and distributed ledger technology to revolutionize government processes. Blockchain technology enables distributed power and embedded security. As such, Blockchain is regarded as an innovative, general purpose technology, offering new ways of organization in many domains, including e-government for transactions and information exchange. However, due to its very characteristics of peer to peer information exchange, its distributed nature, the still developing technology, the involvement of new actors, roles, etc., the implementation of blockchain applications raise issues that need governance attention. BC initiatives have implications for citizen trust, privacy, inclusion and participation. Governmental organizations need a thorough understanding of the BC design principles, the possible applications in the domain of e-government and the exploration of governance mechanisms to deal with the limitations and challenges of the BC technology when used in a myriad of sectors, ranging from the financial and business sector to the social domains of healthcare and education. In this panel we explore the impact of block chain technology on all levels of government and create an awareness of effects or applications in society that raise governance issues.

Sofia Johan, Anshum Pant

No abstract is available for this record.

Dragos Strugar, Rasheed Hussain, Manuel Mazzara, Víctor Rivera

Electric Autonomous Vehicles (EAVs) promise to be an effective way to solve transportation issues such as accidents, emissions and congestion, and aim at establishing the foundation of Machine-to-Machine (M2M) economy. For this to be possible, the market should be able to offer appropriate charging services without involving humans. The state-of-the-art mechanisms of charging and billing do not meet this requirement, and often impose service fees for value transactions that may also endanger users and their location privacy. This paper aims at filling this gap and envisions a new charging architecture and a billing framework for EAV which would enable M2M transactions via the use of Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT).

Juan A. Garay, Aggelos Kiayias, Nikos Leonardos, Giorgos Panagiotakos

No abstract is available for this record.