The rise of blockchain technologies has given a boost to social good projects, which are trying to exploit various characteristic features of blockchains: the quick and inexpensive transfer of cryptocurrency, the transparency of transactions, the ability to tokenize any kind of assets, and the increase in trustworthiness due to decentralization. However, the swift pace of innovation in blockchain technologies, and the hype that has surrounded their "disruptive potential", make it difficult to understand whether these technologies are applied correctly, and what one should expect when trying to apply them to social good projects. This paper addresses these issues, by systematically analysing a collection of 120 blockchain-enabled social good projects. Focussing on measurable and objective aspects, we try to answer various relevant questions: which features of blockchains are most commonly used? Do projects have success in fund raising? Are they making appropriate choices on the blockchain architecture? How many projects are released to the public, and how many are eventually abandoned?
Blockchain systems benefit from lessons in prior art such as fault tolerance, distributed systems, peer-to-peer systems, and game theory. In this paper we argue that blockchain algorithms should tolerate both rational (self-interested) users and Byzantine (malicious) ones, rather than assuming all non-Byzantine users are altruistic and follow the protocols blindly. Such algorithms are called BAR-tolerant [1]. To design a BAR-tolerant system, one can follow these three steps: clearly define the utility function for the rational users, prove the algorithm is such that there is no benefit from unilaterally deviating (that is, it's a Byzantine Nash Equilibrium), then prove the algorithm correct assuming the rational actors follow the protocol. We present an example attack by rational users: the gatekeeping attack, where members of a system selfishly decide to prevent newcomers from joining. This attack may affect any stake-based system where the existing members prevent newcomers from making a stake, and essentially form a cartel. We then sketch a BAR-tolerant consensus protocol for blockchain that can defend against this attack. It relies on a strict order to decide who gets to propose a new block (so there's no need to race to solve a crypto puzzle) and it relies on hardware ID tokens to make sure every computer is only represented at most once as a block proposer to mitigate Sybil attacks. It also defends against the gatekeeper attack. The BAR-tolerant approach is naturally also applicable to other blockchain algorithms.
This paper studies a fundamental problem regarding the security of blockchain on how the existence of multiple misbehaving pools influences the profitability of selfish mining. Each selfish miner maintains a private chain and makes it public opportunistically for the purpose of acquiring more rewards incommensurate to his Hashrate. We establish a novel Markov chain model to characterize all the state transitions of public and private chains. The minimum requirement of Hashrate together with the minimum delay of being profitable is derived in close-form. The former reduces to 21.48% with the symmetric selfish miners, while their competition with asymmetric Hashrates puts forward a higher requirement of the profitable threshold. The profitable delay increases with the decrease of the Hashrate of selfish miners, making the mining pools more cautious on performing selfish mining.
With the rise of technology, modern healthcare and biomedical sciences have largely shifted their content to cyberspace. This raises the challenges of accessibility and security of such data, and the solution may lie in a recent technology called blockchain. Blockchain is a public transaction ledger that offers two unique capabilities, immutability and decentralization of data, that make it stand out as an unparalleled technology in the spheres of healthcare and biomedicine.
Blockchain is the notorious technology behind cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin. A large industrial chain ecology is growing around innovations of blockchain. However, given that it is being developed exponentially the challenges businesses are facing finally have a solution - blockchain. Blockchain is undeniably revolutionary in a sense that it brings convenience to customers and companies. Due to its characteristics of decentralization, trustworthiness and collective maintenance, it provides a trustworthy platform in order to achieve a reliable peer-to-peer delivery of value without relying on a single centralized organization. With this in mind, blockchain is foundation businesses need to establish new relationships. The objective of this paper is to explore how blockchain plays a role in different business applications by illustrating what blockchain is as well as exactly how it can be applied to businesses in the current day.
The purpose of the research paper is to describe how the Blockchain technology can foster traceability of electric/electronics (E/E) information artifacts in product lifecycle management (PLM) with a focus on bridging the gap between model-bases systems engineering (MBSE) and product data management (PDM). Due to automotive development includes many parties, such as original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), suppliers, and new partners, a distribution mechanism for proclamation of changed information artifacts is necessary. The approach compares MBSE methods and identifies which information artifacts created there have to be linked with PDM artifacts. Practical implications for the exchange of data in engineering collaboration with multiple partners are assessed by a first proof of concept with a Blockchain prototype tested with a supplier. The originality of this approach stems from the application of the Blockchain technology in engineering IT, a meta data model to connect MBSE and PDM, and the facilitated inclusion of engineering collaboration partners by those means.
Business Process Modeling and Analysis
Systems Engineering Methodologies and Applications
Nov 1, 2018·2018 XVII Russian Scientific and Practical Conference on Planning and Teaching Engineering Staff for the Industrial and Economic Complex of the Region (PTES)
Nadezhda N. Pokrovskaia, Vladimir A. Spivak, S. O. Snisarenko
The optimizing and increasing the efficiency of human resource management in a knowledge-based economy becomes the central issue for research in the field of training and professional integration of high-qualified specialists. The description of competencies and skills required by companies as well as the personal features of candidates, their motivations and interests presented through human resources portfolio and cv need high level of security requirements and agile decentralized methods of governance. Blockchain technologies are able to allow the necessary level of data security and to minimize costs, for this purpose blockchain platform is seen in this paper as a pertinent basis to build a global register of qualification certificates and competency assessment. Developing such a ledger requires coordinating assessments of competencies and qualifications at the global level of business processes, which can be carried out by regulators, for example, government institutions, and on the basis of decentralizing corporate and individual requests, goals and self-actualization motives, which seems more appropriate to the actual practice of creating infrastructure.
In this study we proposed a Blockchain-based distributed power generation trading system and its trading mechanism. By utilizing the linear supply bidding we prove that a market under assumption has a competitive equilibrium where each generator within the microgrid maximizes its profit, each load's demand is fulfilled and the welfare of whole microgrid has been maximized. Additionally we introduced a distributed supply bidding algorithm to solve the global welfare optimization. Last but not least, we designed a trading system architecture where each market participant is abstracted as a virtual agent and continuously interacting with each other by exchanging information through a smart power contract. Combining with our distributed algorithm, the microgrid market can reach its competitive equilibrium gradually. A numerical study is conducted on a simplified microgrid to demonstrate the effectiveness of our study.
T.V. Shatkovskaya, A. B. Shumilina, Gennady Nebratenko, Ju.I. Isakova · 5 authors
The article is dedicated to investigate the problem of influence of cutting edge digital technology on the virtual and real legal relations, related to the movement and the turnover of intellectual property.Using the method of analyzing modern definitions of blockchain, and relying on the political-economic theory of social redistribution of wealth, authors define the term blockchain and its principles as a technological paradigm.Authors conclude the fact that blockchain can be used to guarantee intellectual property rights and it should be accepted at the national level.As a mechanism of a trusted environment, blockchain allows to reduce transaction costs and increase the level of commercialization of intellectual property.
Establishing a root-of-trust is a key early step in establishing trust throughout the lifecycle of a device, notably by attesting the running software. A key technique is to use hardware security in the form of specialised modules or hardware functions such as TPMs. However, even if a device supports such features, other steps exist that can compromise the overall trust model between devices being manufactured until decommissioning. In this paper, we discuss how blockchains, and smart contracts in particular, can be used to harden the overall security management both in the case of existing hardware-enhanced security or when only software attestation is possible.
Security and Verification in Computing
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
It is a web and cellular-based app designed commonly for use in the meals & beverage enterprise. These apps solve the problems of labour cost in the restaurants and food court resulting in an increase in overall business. It also provides the owner to manage and make changes as per the requirements in the shop. The customer can order their food by accessing the food app through their mobile. The shopkeeper can easily complete the order in time, as there will be a regular check-in for the availability of ingredients. In this paper, we will be representing the overall description and software requirement specification of the entire system designed for use in different food courts. Our apps will provide the restaurant employees to manage their online menu and keep track of all the orders placed by their customers. The customers will be able to access the menu from anywhere so they can order their food and collect it immediately after it is ready. Inside this paper, we have depicted a general model of the framework, layouts of functional and non-functional prerequisites, and a definite portrayal of the UI. Eventually, this idea represents an account of the expansion of the device alongside predicted protection.
Igor Silva Bonomo, Iuri R. Barbosa, Lucas Borges Monteiro, Camila Fernanda Bassetto · 7 authors
System Wide Information Management (SWIM) including SWIM Registry for Air Traffic Management (ATM) has been successfully developed and applied in Europe and United States. The most developing countries have just started to study the employment of SWIM concept, which its establishment is required prior to the development of SWIM Registry. In this paper, we introduce the experience of the development of SWIM Registry Brazil, which comprises the study of the architecture, components, services and data accessing. In order to encourage consumers and providers to participate in the SWIM community, we developed a prototype of SWIM Registry Demonstration for the Brazilian ATM society. We propose a model based on Blockchain for managing services currently provided by Brazilian ATM in order to certificate operations which are performed by consumers, authorities and involved stakeholders. The proposed model is expected to provide services for SWIM Registry with integrity, efficiency, security and authenticity, which are fundamental for the proper operation of Brazilian aviation system.
Currently, the discussion about smart city becomes a trend topic in which the development of the Internet of Thing (IoT) is used in various sectors including in the manufacturing sector where the Indonesian government is intensively increasing the capacity and production quality. The use of IoT in both smart manufacture and smart city become an interesting thing topic for research and the combination of the new technology Blockchain, may proof the reliability of data. Trust, transparent, secure, real time online process as a new phenomenon to merge IoT with Blockchain technology into smart manufacturing technology. However, for maintaining quality and sustainability, required technology governance so the achievement of implementation can be done well. This research uses the method called Systematic Literature Review (SLR) find the Blockchain adoption factors for Smart Manufacturing Technology Governance and the research conducted on several reputable publications. The result found, there are 35 adoption success factors found from the adoption of blockchain technology into smart manufacture industry. The influence of the technology governance process in smart manufacture industry increase sustainability, realtime and accurate decision making for the industry.
Alejandro Tomas Dini, Esteban Gabriel Abete, Marcelo Colombo, Javier Guevara · 6 authors
Blockchain is an innovative technology that allows a untrusted node network to share transactional data consistently while removing the need of a centralized authority. In this paper we propose a system to store citizen criminal records in a decentralized way by using a permissioned blockchain, taking advantage of some of its characteristics to ensure privacy, security, immutability, and disponibility of stored sensitive data. This system would overcome the current one since it can cryptographically guarantee that data, once stored, had not been modified but by a competent authority. It also improves the delivery of the records to its destination which can be geographically spread throughout the territory.
Cong Nam Truong, Michael Schimpe, Uli Bürger, Holger C. Hesse · 5 authors
This article proposes a basic concept for the multi-use of stationary battery storage systems with multiple stakeholders to improve the economic value of battery storage systems. An auction market is suggested, where segments of the energy storage system and rights of use are auctioned. The blockchain technology is incorporated to develop a generic, low-cost concept that enables distinct obligations between the stakeholders caused by the technical operation of the battery storage system. Smart contracts allow flexible sharing of the battery storage system and increase the system’s utilization ratio in the presence of prediction uncertainties.
The innovative potential of blockchain technology proves to be convenient and useful in different sectors, but these opportunities may also be disruptive and create challenges. This paper investigates technical, risk and security related challenges of blockchain. The use of this technology is viewed in light of financial crime that pose a threat to security on national and international level as well. Firstly, elements of blockchain technology and the reasons they really matter are explained. Secondly, we focus on national security and how is it affected by the criminal use of cryptocurrencies. Thirdly, we elaborate on the lack of standards and mechanisms in connection with illegal activities, particularly money-laundering and financing terrorism. Finally, we suggest the use of fuzzy methods for security analysis and testing, and compatibility with GDPR for better protection of the recorded data in chain. We conclude that a collaboration of responsible entities in different sectors is needed as well as the investigation of potential ways in which actors can exploit further applications. The convergence of terrorism and cybercrime should be considered, and the necessary preventive actions taken.
Anders Henten, Iwona Maria Windekilde, Anders Henten, Iwona Maria Windekilde
This paper examines current business applications of blockchain technology and discusses blockchain implications for transaction costs. Blockchains are a relatively new set of technologies that can be used for various business purposes, primarily activities related to contracting. Transaction costs comprise the operational costs of contacting (searching and communicating) as well as the costs of contracting (writing and enforcing contracts), and blockchains can be used to lower, first and foremost, the costs of writing and enforcing contracts. Other technology applications that have been investigated to a larger extent, such as multi-sided platforms, primarily help in lowering the costs of searching and communicating, while blockchains can contribute to lowering the costs of contracting.
Mason J. Molesky, Elizabeth A. Cameron, Jerry Jones, Michael Esposito · 6 authors
This paper proposes a solution to facilitate on-orbit satellite communication data integrity and security by utilizing blockchain technology. A proliferating demand has created a growing reliance on satellites for communications, GPS, imagery, and other uses. The decreased cost of entry into the space industry has increased the number of entrants and also the number of satellites and the amount of space debris. These orbital debris pose a serious threat to spacecraft. Therefore, tracking these objects is crucial. Blockchain technology offers a unique solution to this problem by utilizing functions, processes, and information already incorporated into satellites while maintaining a maximum of forty-eight hours of data. The use of blockchain provides a high level of trusted positional data that can be used to predict and avoid collisions which will save billions of dollars and valuable time. This paper provides a technological design, rational, and risk analysis of this proposal.
With the rapid development of virtual economy, infringement disputes in intellectual property rights (IP) such as film and television, games, creativity and so on frequently appear. The market urgently needs effective IP protection solutions. There are many problems in the traditional way, and blockchain technology has produced a subversive innovation in IP protection, and thoroughly solve the IP protection problem. This paper proposes a method of image privacy protection based on blockchain technology to protect the copyright of images in the network, and to deal with the privacy content in the image, so as to protect the rights and privacy of image owners.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Nov 1, 2018·2018 IEEE 10th International Conference on Humanoid, Nanotechnology, Information Technology,Communication and Control, Environment and Management (HNICEM)
Maria Rona L. Perez, Bobby D. Gerardo, Ruji P. Medina
This research is composed of online transaction security; the mechanism of blockchain and proposed a modified SHA256 security protocol through smart contract to secure online transaction procedure specifically based on Blockchain Mechanism. It focus on the discussion of modifying security protocol specifically designed for practical applications of blockchain with particular reference to privacy and trust. The researcher recommend a new transaction procedure involving customer and merchant, permitting entities to recognize one another enabling them to proceed with their transactions securely using Blockchain Mechanism.
Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
Penelitian ini menganalisis pengaruh Jakarta Stock Composite Index (JKSE), saham LQ45 (LQ45), Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225 (JP225),Indeks Dollar (USDI), dan Gold Futures (GC terhadap harga Bitcoin (BTC). Data pengamatan penelitian adalah data bulanan dimulai dari Juli 2013 sampai Agustus 2018.Sumber data berasal dari laporan index dan harga Bitcoin Investing.com.Teknik menggunakan Vector Error Correction Model. harga Bitcoin(BTC) sebagai variabel dependen, dan Jakarta Stock Composite Index (JKSE), saham LQ45 (LQ45), Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225(JP225), Indeks dollar (USDI), dan Gold Futures (GC) sebagai variabel independen.Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa Jakarta Stock Composite Index(JKSE), saham LQ45 (LQ45), Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA), Nikkei 225 (JP225), Indeks Dollar (USDI), dan Gold Futures (GC) memberikan dampak signfikan terhadap harga Bitcoin (BTC). Efek dari keseluruhan faktor bersifat moderat dan mengarah pada keseimbangan jangka panjang.