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98,272 results · page 314 of 4,095
Haïdar Ally Deenmahomed, Roopesh Kevin Sungkur, Avinash Mungur
No abstract is available for this record.
Saloni Kumari
No abstract is available for this record.
Daniela Dinis, João Oliveira, Marisa Maximiano, Ricardo Gomes · 7 authors
The adoption of decentralized technologies in healthcare introduces new opportunities for secure, patient-centered data management but also brings significant privacy and security challenges. This paper presents a threat modeling approach applied to a Web3-based healthcare platform that integrates blockchain for access logging, a FHIR-compliant server for clinical data, and a backend for identity and access management. Using the LINDDUN privacy threat modeling framework and OWASP Threat Dragon, we identified and prioritized privacy risks based on system architecture and data flows. The results show that threat modeling can provide early insights into regulatory compliance, data exposure, and user privacy concerns. This process can be viewed as a foundational step in the development of digital health systems. While the analysis was focused on a specific use case, the methodology is adaptable to a wide range of applications handling sensitive personal data.
Baohong Sun
No abstract is available for this record.
Ali Kassar, Tarek Barhoum
System based on blockchain technology and smart contracts. The system aims to address the growing problem of managing and transferring digital assets such as cryptocurrency wallets, domains, cloud storage, NFTs, and gaming assets after the owner’s death. The proposed solution introduces a Dead Man’s Switch mechanism, where users are required to perform periodic check-ins. In case of prolonged inactivity, the system automatically triggers a smart contract that securely transfers access to designated heirs. The system leverages blockchain technology to ensure transparency, immutability, and security, while decentralized storage (IPFS) is used to protect sensitive data through encryption. The platform integrates modern technologies including Ethereum, Solidity, Web3.js, and decentralized storage solutions to provide a fully automated, secure, and trustless inheritance process without relying on centralized authorities or complex legal procedures. This work was conducted at Arab International University (AIU), Syria. The official website of the university is: https://www.aiu.edu.sy
Atul Pawar, Shreekant S. Kulkarni, Ashwini Harode, Makardhwaj Kamble · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Baohong Sun
No abstract is available for this record.
Masaru Kasai
This paper introduces DNET (Dual Network Exchange Technology), an interface architecture that unifies Settlement, Exchange, and Record generation into a single transaction structure for digital payments. Modern payment systems often treat exchange and settlement as separate backend processes, leading to fragmented identifiers, inconsistent idempotency behavior, and operational divergence across implementations. DNET resolves these issues by binding Payment Intent, Exchange Decision, and Settlement Outcome under a single TxID, enabling atomic SER‑coupling across Web2 and Web3 environments. The architecture provides a protocol‑level foundation for multi‑asset payments, ensuring traceability, auditability, and interoperability while reducing operational complexity. This work positions DNET as an OS‑layer interface for value transfer, offering a structural standard for future financial infrastructure.
Tiago Ferreira Cavazin
O presente artigo formaliza o <i>Economic Centrifugal Dispersion Model</i> (ECDM) como uma estrutura analÃtica de alta fidelidade para a compreensão da propagação de capital e incentivos em ecossistemas de Web3 e finanças descentralizadas (DeFi). Fundamentado em uma convergência interdisciplinar entre a praxeologia da escola austrÃaca, a fÃsica estatÃstica e a dinâmica de sistemas complexos, o modelo propõe que a injeção monetária em sistemas baseados em blockchain gera forças dispersivas análogas à s forças centrÃfugas. A pesquisa detalha a aplicação do operador de Lyapunov para avaliar a estabilidade e a resiliência desses fluxos sob condições de volatilidade estocástica.<br>
Yu Quan Ang
The retail landscape in Singapore has grown increasingly competitive over the years, with small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) facing mounting pressure from rising operational costs while lacking the capital to develop proprietary customer loyalty systems. Existing third-party cashback platforms such as ShopBack, while effective in driving customer retention, impose commission based fees that further erode slim profit margins. Beyond cost, these centralised platforms often suffer from single points of failure, a lack of transparency and reward fragmentation across separated ecosystems that diminishes long term customer engagement. Existing blockchain based loyalty implementations confirm commercial interest in decentralised rewards but remain constrained by permissioned architectures that exclude open merchant participation and retain centralised governance. This final year project proposes ShiokPay, a fully decentralised cashback rewards platform designed to eliminate these limitations for SME merchants and their customers. ShiokPay was designed and implemented using a Web3 architecture deployed on the Arbitrum Layer 2 Ethereum network. Three Solidity smart contracts form the core of the system. ShiokCoin, an ERC-20 rewards token. MerchantRegistry, which manages on-chain merchant onboarding and role based access control (RBAC). Along with MinimalForwarder, which enables gasless customer redemptions via EIP-712 meta-transactions. These contracts are integrated using React for the frontend, decentralised off-chain storage via IPFS and a GraphQL subgraph for real time blockchain transaction indexing. The Arbitrum L2 network was chosen to address Ethereum's scalability and gas fee limitations, while EIP-712 meta- transactions were implemented to remove the requirement for customers to hold cryptocurrency. This lowers the barrier to Web3 adoption in everyday retail environments. System validation was conducted entirely on the Arbitrum Sepolia testnet. A comprehensive test suite of 105 unit and integration test cases achieved a 100% pass rate across all three smart contracts, validating the correctness of RBAC, EIP-712 signature verification, nonce- based replay prevention and the simulated full eight-step merchant and customer lifecycle. Gas cost research evaluation confirmed that all transaction types consistently remain below $0.01, representing an approximately 98% cost reduction compared to equivalent Ethereum L1 operations. This satisfies ShiokPay's financial viability requirement for SME merchants. System latency evaluation confirmed that subgraph indexing updates averaged within seconds with optimistic UI updates reducing perceived end-user latency, meeting retail point- of-sale responsiveness requirements. ShiokPay successfully demonstrates that a permissionless, low-cost and user-friendly decentralised cashback rewards system is both technically feasible and commercially viable. By eliminating centralised intermediaries and covering customer gas fees through the meta-transaction model, ShiokPay provides SME merchants with a transparent, cost-efficient alternative to current cashback platforms. These are done while delivering a frictionless Web3 experience accessible to non-technical consumers.
Paul Sin
No abstract is available for this record.
Karthik Adharsh Selvakumar
Charity is the quintessential driving force of humanity. Charitable work, when done right, has the capacity to eradicate poverty, construct basic infrastructure for all and many more. How- ever, in the wrong hands, it can be more of a driving force of evil than good. Currently, there is a lack of openness and transparency, hindering people from understanding where their dona- tions are going and if they are truly creating a change for the better. Donors are often unaware of how their contributions are being utilised, leading to a significant trust deficit, which, over time, results in a decline in donor support and retention. Hence, these factors highlight the need for Web3-based blockchain technology intervention to restore donor trust. Even though the advent of the digital age has paved the way for many Web2 centralised online donation platforms, these upgrades often bring minimal improvements rather than fundamental shifts. Although existing Web2 technologies attempt to portray a transparent donation system by showing proof of transactions or receipts, we can never truly know if these are legitimate, as a single centralised organisation controls them. This unreliable mechanism pushes donors to trust a central intermediary, the charitable organisation itself, to report on the management of funds. Blockchain technology addresses this problem by storing immutable transaction data visible to anyone on the network, ensuring trust through cryptographic proof rather than reliance on a central authority. This trust-guaranteed technology lays the foundation for the solution using Web3 architecture. This project aims to build a decentralised Web3 platform for charity organisations and donors. The main goal is to create a transparent and secure ecosystem where donors can track fund usage at any time. A user-facing application allows donors to securely make donations via Stripe, while a unique Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is minted for each donation to serve as a digital receipt on the blockchain. Smart contracts handle milestone-based fund allocation and release. The platform also incorporates AI-powered proof verification using the Claude Vision API. When charities submit evidence documents for milestone completion, the AI analyses submis- sions for document authenticity, relevance to the stated milestone, and potential fraud indica- tors. This serves as a decision-support tool for human approvers rather than an autonomous judge. A Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) pipeline further enriches the verification process by retrieving historical project context and similar past proofs from a vector database, enabling more consistent and informed assessments across submissions. Donors can also verify where their donations are being used and whether the funds are being spent in relevance to the charity project that they have donated to. The technical implementation of the application is the primary focus of this project, and legal or regulatory frameworks related to monetary policies will not be addressed. The impact of this project lies in its ability to redefine accountability in the donation sector, through which donors will have complete visibility on where their donations flow.
Ming Sen Thong
No abstract is available for this record.
Paolo Ciocca, Irene Tagliamonte
No abstract is available for this record.
Ali Sadhik Shaik
The contemporary digital information ecosystem is suffering from a structural market failure analogous to George Akerlof’s "Market for Lemons." In an era of Generative AI, the marginal cost of producing misinformation has approached zero, while the cost of verifying truth remains high. This asymmetry has created a "Trust Deficit" where high-quality information cannot be reliably distinguished from algorithmic noise. Current remediation strategies are bifurcated between two flawed extremes: Centralized Web2 Platforms (which prioritize scalability at the expense of transparency and are prone to censorship) and Decentralized Web3 Networks (which prioritize immutability but suffer from the "Garbage In, Garbage Out" paradox - permanently recording unverified data). The Trust-Scalability Trilemma: This research posits that decentralized reputation systems face a "Trust-Scalability Trilemma," historically unable to simultaneously achieve Veracity (Accuracy), Scalability (Throughput), and Decentralization (Censorship Resistance). Traditional solutions, such as Token Curated Registries (TCRs), have failed because they rely on synchronous, on-chain voting for every data point, resulting in prohibitive latency and gas costs. The Solution: This paper introduces The Klyrox Protocol, a decentralized middleware designed to resolve this trilemma by decoupling Content Execution from Content Verification. The protocol introduces a novel consensus mechanism, "Proof-of-Klyrox," which combines Optimistic Machine Learning (opML) with Game Theoretic Integrity Bonds. Proof-of-Klyrox is not a blockchain consensus mechanism. It is a layered fraud-detection and incentive framework anchored to existing consensus networks. Scope Note: Protocol V1 focuses exclusively on objective, verifiable claims (e.g., market data, timestamped events, quantifiable metrics). Subjective content quality assessment (e.g., editorial judgment, artistic merit) is explicitly out of scope and scheduled for research in future iterations. The system operates on an "Optimistic" presumption of validity: Optimistic Execution: Content is verified instantly via off-chain AI Oracles, reducing verification costs by an estimated 85-95% compared to traditional on-chain governance models. Cryptoeconomic Security: Users must stake financial collateral (Integrity Bonds) to publish. This creates a "Pay-to-Truth" incentive structure where the cost of generating misinformation strictly exceeds the potential profit. Sybil Resistance: The protocol implements a proprietary Time-Decayed Stake-Weighted (TDSW) algorithm. This scoring engine ensures that influence scales logarithmically with capital (preventing plutocratic capture) and decays exponentially over time (preventing the entrenchment of dormant actors). By financializing reputation into a portable, quantifiable asset class defined as "Epistemic Capital," The Klyrox Protocol offers a scalable blueprint for a self-regulating "Market for Truth." It transforms trust from a subjective social sentiment into an objective, verifiable economic product, providing the necessary infrastructure for the next generation of decentralized media, prediction markets, and AI safety layers. Author's Note: This whitepaper outlines the technical architecture and game-theoretic mechanisms underpinning the concept of "Epistemic Capital," as explored in The Algorithmic Monographs series by Ali Sadhik Shaik (The Algorithmic Invisible Hand, The Republic of Code, The Market for Truth, The Heavy Metal Intelligence and The Synthetic C-Cuite).
Carlos A. Estrada, Sang Guun Yoo, S. Naranjo, Veronica J. Toasa
No abstract is available for this record.
K. Balaji, P. Seshagiri Rao
No abstract is available for this record.
Jinwook Kim, Jonghun Hong
There have been various attempts at token standards on numerous blockchain platforms today to fundamentally change the way assets are traded in the traditional capital markets, but there is a lack of research and resolution on regulatory issues that become the common foundation for interoperability and reusable standards. Our proposal, Regulatory Compliance Protocol (RCP), is based on the regulations and reports of 15 global financial institutions and standardizes recommendations and guidelines involving the overall asset tokenization of TradFi and DeFi into five regulatory groups: Traceability, Privacy, Enforceability, Finality and Tokenizability, compiling them into 31 items and presenting a benchmark for technology and standards as an underlying protocol. To review the legality and effectiveness of RCP, it was validated based on three tokenization and trading scenarios, and by benchmarking existing asset-tokenization standards (ERC-20, ERC-7943, ERC-1400, and ERC-3643) against RCP, it makes explicit which regulatory requirements each standard addresses at the token level and which remain inherently off-chain.
Guesmi, Semia, Piazza, Carla, Gasparetto, Andrea, Rizzo, Matteo · 5 authors
Reentrancy remains one of the most critical vulnerabilities affecting Ethereum smart contracts. While many existing analysis tools focus on detecting classical single-function reentrancy, more complex forms such as cross-function reentrancy are harder to identify because they depend on execution semantics and interactions between multiple functions. In this work, we study reentrancy at the level of Ethereum Virtual Machine (EVM) execution traces. We extend the TxSpector framework with new Datalog-based detection rules designed to capture cross-function reentrancy patterns. To support this analysis, we also modernize the trace extraction component by adapting it to recent versions of the Ethereum client and updated EVM instructions. The proposed approach is evaluated on real Ethereum on-chain transaction traces. The results show that our method is able to detect cross-function reentrancy behaviors that are not captured by the original TxSpector rules, demonstrating the effectiveness of pattern-based logic detection at the EVM execution level.
Wanshui Song, Jingwen Tan, Huanran Wang, Shuai Han · 6 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Yanxiu Wuwang, Niclas Kannengießer, Tobias Dehling, Benjamin Sturm · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Narinder K. Seera, Harsha Aggarwal
Federated Learning (FL) has emerged as a distributed platform for machine learning models that ensures users’ data privacy, however trained models are vulnerable to challenges such as unreliable clients, single points of failure (server), data poisoning, and trust issues among clients. To address these issues, DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology) offers resilience by providing transparency among clients, decentralized model aggregation, and tamper-proof transaction recording. Integrating DLT with FL not only ensures secure and verifiable model updates but also enhances fault tolerance through consensus mechanisms. This research is an attempt to explore how blockchain-based DLT architecture can strengthen the resilience of trained models by providing security and reliability in heterogeneous environments. The chapter discusses the components of the DLT-based architecture and how resilience is ensured.
Supriya Khadka, Sanchari Das
Public distributed ledgers enforce integrity through radical transparency, creating tension with data minimization principles required for regulatory compliance. While Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) offer a theoretical privacy solution, existing constructions often overlook adversarial constraints in smart contract environments. Specifically, the asynchronous decoupling of off-chain proof generation from on-chain submission introduces front-running and proof-reuse risks in public mempools. In this work, we formalize Selective Disclosure Authorization Schemes (SDAS), a cryptographic primitive for granular and revocable compliance checks on public ledgers without revealing the underlying witness. We define a security model for SDAS, introducing Ledger-Bound Attribute Unlinkability and Context-Aware Sender Binding to capture how valid proofs remain bound to their intended authorization context. To validate sender binding, we present ZK-Compliance, an Ethereum-based instantiation that operationalizes a user-controlled "Grant, Verify, Revoke" lifecycle. We implement the sender-binding component using a 14-constraint Circom circuit that anchors the zero-knowledge proof to the executing on-chain sender address. Our Sepolia evaluation confirms practical viability: browser-based proof generation executes in under 200 ms, and on-chain verification costs 240,512 gas, neutralizing proof reuse by different callers while preserving strict attribute privacy.
Giorgio Vella, Luca Pennella, Mark C. Ballandies
Real-world asset (RWA) tokenization has emerged as a prominent application of blockchain technology, enabling off-chain financial and non-financial assets to be represented through blockchain-based instruments. However, deployed RWA systems remain difficult to compare because legal claims, custody arrangements, token mechanics, verification processes, and on-chain integrations are often described separately. This paper develops a systems-level taxonomy of RWA tokenization to classify how off-chain assets are legally, economically, and technically represented on-chain. Following an iterative taxonomy-development method, we organize twenty-three dimensions into five components: governance, asset structure, token properties, distributed ledger technology, and economy. We apply the taxonomy to twenty major RWA systems selected by market capitalization and compare their design choices across asset classes and implementation models. The classification shows that current RWA tokenization is predominantly implemented through hybrid architectures: blockchain tokens support representation, transfer control, redemption workflows, pricing, and composability, while core legal guarantees remain anchored in off-chain legal wrappers, custodial arrangements, compliance processes, and verification mechanisms. The analysis also reveals recurring documentation gaps concerning voting rights, dispute forums, burn mechanics, supply constraints, and reserve verification. Overall, the taxonomy provides a structured basis for comparing RWA systems, identifying design patterns and limitations, and supporting future research on blockchain-based financial infrastructure.