Bharathi Panduri, Lohith Matcha, Sai Darshan Lingamanthula, Vineet Katta
Pharmaceutical providers are now facing problems such as counterfeit drugs, lack of openness, different data systems, and weaker regulation. As a result of these shortcomings, medicinal products may be unsafe for patients and this can damage the public's trust in these products. Traditional centralized structures do not have the necessary traceability, security, and resilience for effective management of supply chains. In the context of Industry 4.0, there is an increasing shift toward digital transformation and decentralized industrial systems to improve transparency and automation. This paper describes PharmaChain, a DApp created using blockchain, which is intended to add transparency and trust to the way drugs are managed in the supply chain. With the help of Ethereum and Solidity-based smart contracts, PharmaChain develops a permanent record of every step in the supply chain, starting with buying raw goods and finishing with delivering them to end-users. The platform uses role-based access control, such as manufacturers, distributors, retailers, and regulatory bodies. With a modern MERN stack, PharmaChain ensures the UI is flexible and works well on any device, and Web3.js and MetaMask handle the connection to blockchain on the frontend. The proposed system aligns with Industry 4.0 principles by enabling secure, automated, and decentralized traceability across the pharmaceutical supply chain. Smart contracts significantly reduce the involvement of intermediaries and manual work in the process.
Bin Xie, Rui Song, Zecheng Li, Xiaotie Deng · 5 authors
Decentralized identity systems have emerged as a transformative paradigm, granting users unprecedented data sovereignty and privacy-preserving capabilities, fueling critical innovations in Web3 ecosystems. However, these systems primarily serve as identity-layer solutions, forcing verifiers to design special cryptographic protocols for access control deployment, which is an error-prone and expert-dependent process. Moreover, existing approaches fail to effectively combat credential fraud (e.g., credential theft and revoked credential reuse) without compromising privacy guarantees. This paper presents FRAC (Flexible Fraud-Resistant Access Control), an efficient decentralized access control framework that achieves two paradigm shifts: 1) Streamlined access control deployment: a logic-centric paradigm encodes access criteria through declarative verification rules, eliminating manual cryptographic protocol design while enabling instant verifier onboarding and efficient presentation generation; 2) Provable fraud resistance: a format-agnostic defensive mechanism based on Merkle trees prevents malicious credential use, requiring only lightweight hash operations and signature verification instead of computation-intensive operations. We conduct rigorous security analysis based on universally composable security and evaluate the performance, demonstrating FRAC’s security and efficiency.
Кваліфікаційна робота бакалавра складається зі вступу, чотирьох розділів, висновків, списку використаних джерел та додатків. У першому розділі виконано аналіз предметної області, наведено приклади існуючих рішень та визначено основні функціональні потреби користувачів. Другий розділ містить специфікацію функціональних і нефункціональних вимог до інформаційної системи, її логічну структуру та ключові компоненти. У третьому розділі було здійснено розробку вебзастосунку з підтримкою смарт-контрактів для безпечного виконання криптотранзакцій на базі бібліотеки React та мови програмування Solidity, доповнивши цей технологічний стек хмарною платформою Supabase та бібліотекою Ethers.js для взаємодії з криптогаманцем MetaMask. У четвертому розділі наведено спеціальні розрахунки, зокрема здійснено ергономічну оцінку функціональних компонентів програмного продукту з використанням математичних моделей, розраховано час на виконання повного циклу замовлення в Web3-системі з урахуванням мережевих затримок та фізичного введення даних, а також обґрунтовано високу ефективність спроєктованого інтерфейсу. У висновках узагальнено результати виконаної роботи та визначено перспективи подальшого розвитку системи.
Traditional electoral systems exhibit critical vulnerabilities including vote manipulation, centralized points of failure, and compromised transparency that undermine democratic integrity. This research presents BLOCKELECT, a decentralised blockchain-based secure voting system designed to address these fundamental challenges. The system employs Ethereum smart contracts written in Solidity to enforce immutable voting rules, Web3.js for blockchain integration, and MetaMask wallet authentication for secure voter verification. The proposed architecture implements dual interfaces for voters and electoral commissions, with distributed consensus mechanisms ensuring real-time transaction validation. Smart contracts automatically enforce electoral rules while maintaining cryptographic immutability of all voting transactions. The decentralised design eliminates single points of failure by distributing vote storage and validation across multiple network nodes. System validation employed comprehensive testing including unit, integration, system, and security testing methodologies. Results demonstrate successful prevention of vote tampering, elimination of double voting, and provision of transparent, auditable election results. Implementation utilised Truffle framework, Ganache blockchain simulation, and Node.js back-end services following an Agile Prototype-based Iterative Development methodology. This research demonstrates the feasibility of blockchain technology in creating trustworthy electoral systems, indicating that blockchain-based voting represents a viable solution for enhancing democratic processes while addressing persistent challenges of electoral fraud and lack of public confidence in traditional voting mechanisms.Traditional electoral systems exhibit critical vulnerabilities including vote manipulation, centralized points of failure, and compromised transparency that undermine democratic integrity. This research presents BLOCKELECT, a decentralised blockchain-based secure voting system designed to address these fundamental challenges. The system employs Ethereum smart contracts written in Solidity to enforce immutable voting rules, Web3.js for blockchain integration, and MetaMask wallet authentication for secure voter verification. The proposed architecture implements dual interfaces for voters and electoral commissions, with distributed consensus mechanisms ensuring real-time transaction validation. Smart contracts automatically enforce electoral rules while maintaining cryptographic immutability of all voting transactions. The decentralised design eliminates single points of failure by distributing vote storage and validation across multiple network nodes. System validation employed comprehensive testing including unit, integration, system, and security testing methodologies. Results demonstrate successful prevention of vote tampering, elimination of double voting, and provision of transparent, auditable election results. Implementation utilised Truffle framework, Ganache blockchain simulation, and Node.js back-end services following an Agile Prototype-based Iterative Development methodology. This research demonstrates the feasibility of blockchain technology in creating trustworthy electoral systems, indicating that blockchain-based voting represents a viable solution for enhancing democratic processes while addressing persistent challenges of electoral fraud and lack of public confidence in traditional voting mechanisms.
Everything has shifted into a new gear with technology advancement and so has literature. Literature publication is no longer limited to printed pages or e-content. This paper explores the new domain of digitalised literature, crypto-literature. The tools employed for this are blockchain technology and NFTs (Non- Fungible Tokens). Together, these are transforming literary ownership and distribution while empowering authors. This paper delves into how with the help of an alternative to traditional publication, tokenisation of literary works and smart contracts, authors gain transparent royalties, decentralised publishing and copyright gains, which in turn provides creators a greater control over their creations. This paper also explores how, while crypto-literature through Web3 platforms provides creative autonomy and economic empowerment, it also poses several concerns regarding digital equity, accessibility and ecological implications. With the global trends and Indian market in focus, this paper evaluates the advantages and limitations put forward to creators as well as consumers while engaging with this advancing literary system. In short, this paper puts crypto-literature as a focal point of literary innovation, while looking for ethical, inclusive and sustainable practices of this new paradigm.
Open access
Innovations and Analysis in Business and Education
Farhana Javed, Engin Zeydan, J Mangues-Bafalluy, Kapal Dev
Consumer electronics increasingly execute integrated sensing–communication–computing–control (ISCCC) loops locally, making trust, revocation, and audit at the moment of action the bottleneck. We propose an architecture that maintains action-time authorization on the household gateway while synchronizing cross-vendor trust state off-path through a permissioned trust registry. Devices do not write to the ledger; instead, the gateway periodically anchors succinct commitments (Merkle roots and policy/model digests). We implement a proof-of-concept registry on an IOTA DLT and evaluate three aspects. First, for off-path anchoring, we show that under microbursts of size-triggered commit batches the ledger time-to-confirmation remains narrow and milestone-dominated (median around 3.9–4.0 s and 95th percentile around 4.2 s at a ∼10 s coordinator cadence), with no sensitivity to burst size. Second, for registry reaction, we observe that revocation reaction time scales predictably with the snapshot cadence plus a few seconds of confirmation and probing delay: tightening the snapshot period from 60 s to 15 s shifts the empirical reaction-time distributions as expected. Third, for partition tolerance, we show that across normal, impaired, offline, and recovery phases, local decision latency remains in the sub-millisecond range (with only a few milliseconds of conservative extra latency when snapshots age) and anchoring resumes within the same 1–5 s confirmation envelope once connectivity returns. Overall, the results confirm that action-time decisions remain within tens-of-milliseconds budgets, while trust synchronization is predictable and tunable. In this setting, snapshot cadences of approximately 10–15 s for “hot” items (keys and ownership) and at least 60 s for “warm/cold” items (recalls and model checkpoints) provide a practical balance between revocation speed and polling cost. The open-source implementation is available at: https://github.com/ farhanajaved/PDL-Trust.
В статье представлена обобщенная модель иерархической информационной системы с распределенным реестром на основе блокчейн-технологии для цифровой среды управления государством. Рассмотрена трехуровневая архитектура системы: федеральный, региональный и муниципальный уровни. Описан протокол включения новых блоков в одноранговую блокчейн-цепь с механизмом достижения консенсуса. Предложенная модель обеспечивает криптографически технологическое доверие между абонентами всех уровней системы при создании электронных государственных услуг и сервисов.
Advanced Research in Systems and Signal Processing
The increasing number of behind-the-meter distributed energy resources (DERs) is changing traditional distribution systems in a big way by adding new ways to control and monitor them. But the effectiveness and dependability of these systems depend heavily on the accuracy of the data (like measurements, control commands, etc.) that the prosumers, aggregators, and grid operators share with each other. In addition, traditional power systems rely entirely on trusted aggregators to gather data from these DERs. If these aggregators are hacked, the whole system could be at risk. In this paper, we respond to these concerns by suggesting a hierarchical blockchain-based framework that includes a distributed integrity auditing system for measuring DERs. By using hash functions and Merkle trees, a secure and lightweight blockchain-based hash aggregation protocol is made to make sure that behind-the-meter DERs' measurements are real. Also, an automated distributed sanity check of DERs' set points (control commands) is suggested to lower the risk of coordinated cyber attacks on a large number of DERs. The suggested framework is put into action and tested in a number of different situations to see how well it works and how safe it is. The results show that the framework can handle more work because it can cut its runtime and storage costs by about 47% and 44%, respectively.
Ileana Maria Muntean, Radu Tîrnovan, Horia G. Beleiu
As renewable generation becomes increasingly deployed at the local level, the reliability of microgrids depends not only on physical infrastructure but also on the credibility of the measurement data driving energy control decisions. In conventional Energy Management Systems (EMS) architectures, monitoring is implicitly assumed to be correct, even though no mechanism exists to verify the authenticity or integrity of the received data. This gap can lead to suboptimal or misleading control actions, especially in distributed environments involving multiple stakeholders. This paper introduces a trust-by-design approach in which monitoring and energy management processes are natively supported by a lightweight Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT) layer embedded within the EMS. Rather than relying on external trust assumptions, the proposed mechanism ensures built-in traceability and tamper-evidence, enabling independent validation of the microgrid’s operational history. A simple renewable microgrid with battery storage is used as a demonstrative case study to show how a DLT-based ledger can safeguard measurement integrity and control decisions without adding technical complexity to the EMS itself. The results demonstrate that verifiable data flows and tamper detection significantly enhance the transparency and robustness of EMS architectures, while enabling future extensions towards predictive or AI-assisted control strategies.
Like many other subject areas, technological progress is also transforming the world of securities. New technological solutions and opportunities may lead to the emergence of new institutions, including new legal institutions. The distributed ledger technology enabling the operation of well-known cryptocurrencies is – among many other things – a tool suitable for the registration of securities; although it has not yet become widespread, some countries have already established the legal framework for its application. This study presents a comparative analysis of existing European regulatory solutions to demonstrate the options available for establishing an effective regulatory framework for securities recorded on a distributed ledger and the benefits of introducing such a securities registration system from both a regulatory and a practical perspective.
Antony Ariel Caisa Ronda, Ángel Alberto Villarroel Maya
Objective: The study analyzed the organizational climate factors in a municipal decentralized autonomous government in the province of Cotopaxi. The purpose was to identify the dimensions rated highest and lowest by public servants and to generate relevant input for decision-making in leadership and human talent management. Methodology: A quantitative, non-experimental, descriptive study was conducted. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire with a five-point Likert-type scale, administered to public servants of the municipal GAD. The reliability of the instrument was assessed using Cronbach’s alpha coefficient, yielding a value of 0.983, and data processing was performed with SPSS software, using benchmarks for interpreting the results. Results: The findings revealed that the organizational climate was predominantly perceived as low (44.40%), while the leadership (66.90%), commitment (64.50%), and work environment (63.80%) dimensions reached intermediate levels of acceptance. Strengths related to trust in leadership, initiative, and openness to change were identified; however, weaknesses persisted in work organization, recognition, professional development, equity, and resource availability. Conclusions: It was concluded that the organizational climate exhibits significant gaps that limit the consolidation of a favorable work environment. The results provide empirical evidence for the design of institutional policies aimed at strengthening leadership, recognizing performance, fostering professional development, and providing resources. Furthermore, they open future lines of research focused on the comparative analysis of organizational climate in various public management contexts.
Decentralized autonomous organizations (DAOs) and AI-agent systems combine cryptographic execution with blockchain-based governance, yet observed organizations almost universally combine these mechanisms with a conventional legal entity—a foundation, statutory DAO form, or limited liability wrapper. I develop a stylized model in which token-holders jointly determine wrapper choice and governance concentration, generating multiple equilibria: an inefficient trap in which the wrapper coalition cannot form because no holder will absorb the front-loaded fixed cost alone, and an efficient wrapper equilibrium in which the coalition reaches scale and amortizesfixed costs effectively. The trap is an empirically grounded coordination problem rather than an analytical artifact, and a global-games selection argument identifies the threshold at which institutional design tips the system between equilibria. The framework reframes the CFTC v. Ooki DAO ruling, the Wyoming DAO LLC and DUNA statutes, and AI legal personhood debates as questions of equilibrium selection rather than of substantive cost allocation, and bounds the “Coasean singularity” claim that AI agents dramatically reduce transaction frictions.
Federatívne učenie (FL) umožňuje spoločné trénovanie modelu bez priameho zdieľania údajov, ale často sa spolieha na silné predpoklady o čestnom správaní klienta a servera. To je dôvod, prečo štandardné FL protokoly poskytujú iba obmedzenú záruku ohľadom výpočtov na strane klienta, integrity odoslaných informácii, alebo ohľadom správnosti agregácie na strane servera. Táto diplomová práca skúma použitie systémov s nulovými znalosťami (ZKP) spolu s podpornými metódami na vytvorenie dôvery v FL prostredí. V tejto práci sa po úvode k FL a ZKP ďalej skúma prehľad existujúcich ZKP nástrojov v prostredí FL. Na základe tejto analýzy je vytvorená kategorizácia existujúcich prístupov FL založených na ZKP, ktorá je postavená najmä na cieľoch daného systému. Na základe identifikovaných možností zlepšenia práca navrhuje overiteľný protokol váženej agregácie. V tomto protokole je každý prijatý príspevok previazaný s autorizovanou váhou, prípustnou skrytou aktualizáciou, konzistentným váženým vstupom a výslednou aktualizáciou modelu, ktorú je možné verejne overiť prepočítaním. Tento protokol bol implementovaný ako prototyp s plne funkčnými kryptografickými komponentami. Následne je tento protokol vyhodnotený.
Alireza Kavousi, Duc V. Le, Philipp Jovanovic, George Danezis
Maximal Extractable Value (MEV) is a crucial challenge in blockchains and cryptocurrencies. A principal countermeasure is using encrypted mempools to hide the transaction payloads until they are committed in a block. However, the existing approaches based on encrypted mempools remain vulnerable to metadata leakage and may not provide sufficient mitigation against block producers due to their sole control in block preparation. In this paper, we propose techniques that utilize randomized permutation on the committed block, offering a multi-layer solution. With a focus on proof-of-stake (PoS) committee-based consensus, we then introduce BlindPerm, a framework that enhances an encrypted mempool with permutation and present various optimizations. Notably, we propose a construction where this enhancement comes at essentially no overhead by piggybacking on the encrypted mempool and without relying on any external entity such as randomness beacon. Further, we illustrate the effectiveness of our solutions by running simulations using historical Ethereum data.