With the rapid advancement and application of the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), personal health records (PHRs) are now increasingly comprised of data collected by Internet of Things (IoT) devices and medical records documented by healthcare professionals. Personal health record (PHR) sharing demonstrates great potential in improving the accuracy of disease diagnosis. However, PHR sharing also brings risks such as illegal access and personal information leakage. Some works explored using blockchain or attribute-based encryption (ABE) to solve these privacy leakage problems, but those solutions did not pay attention to the user’s attribute privacy. In this work, we combine a linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) and zero-knowledge succinct non-interactive argument of knowledge (zkSNARK) scheme to design an efficient zero-knowledge proof protocol called zk-AHSNARK. It can verify the user’s attribute permissions while also hiding attribute information. Based on zk-AHSNARK, we propose a novel PHR sharing scheme that protects attribute privacy. Data security is ensured by storing encrypted data in the interplanetary file system (IPFS). In addition, we introduce keyword ciphertext search to achieve fast data retrieval, and we implement the search and verification algorithms via a smart contract, ensuring the trustworthiness and integrity of the execution. Finally, through a large number of simulations, we demonstrated the suggested scheme’s viability and security.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a disruptive force with transformative potential across various industries, and its application in the realm of smart homes and businesses is gaining considerable attention. In the context of smart homes, blockchain facilitates secure and decentralized management of Internet of Things (IoT) devices. Through decentralized ledgers, homeowners can establish trust in device interactions, ensuring data integrity and preventing unauthorized access. Smart contracts, a key feature of blockchain, enable automated and transparent execution of predefined actions based on predetermined conditions, thereby streamlining processes such as energy management, access control, and home automation. For smart businesses, blockchain technology provides a foundation for transparent and tamper-proof record-keeping. Supply chain management is revolutionized as blockchain ensures end-to-end visibility, traceability, and authenticity of products. This has significant implications for industries where provenance and quality assurance are paramount, such as food and pharmaceuticals. Additionally, blockchain fosters new business models, enabling decentralized energy grids, peer-to-peer transactions, and autonomous organizations. This decentralization reduces reliance on intermediaries, lowers costs, and enhances the overall resilience of business operations. In conclusion, the adoption of blockchain technology in smart homes and businesses holds immense promise for creating more secure, efficient, and transparent ecosystems. As the technology continues to mature, it is anticipated that blockchain will play a pivotal role in shaping the future of smart living and business operations.
In the Web3.0 era, which does not rely on any centralized organization and emphasizes user control, security, trustworthiness and the importance of data privacy, blockchain plays a key role. Its decentralization, security and trustworthiness and other characteristics have become Building the infrastructure of trusted interconnection and value interconnection in the Web3.0 era has laid the foundation for the development of Web3.0. With the development of Web3.0, blockchain technology itself is also continuing to develop. There are more and more researches on the integration and innovative development of blockchain technology with big data, artificial intelligence, metaverse, Internet of Things and privacy computing. In this context, the basic principles and characteristics of Web3.0 and blockchain technology are first explained, focusing on the decentralization, traceability and non-tampering characteristics of blockchain, and then an overview of the relationship between blockchain and The advantages of the integrated innovation and development of big data, artificial intelligence, metaverse, Internet of Things and privacy computing are analyzed.The standardization construction situation and future work prospects of the integrated innovation and development of blockchain technology under Web3.0 are analyzed.
5G networks provide secure and reliable information transmission services for the Internet of Everything, thus paving the way for 6G networks, which is anticipated to be an AI-based network, supporting unprecedented intelligence across applications. Abundant computing resources will establish the 6G Computing Power Network (CPN) to facilitate ubiquitous intelligent services. In this article, we propose BECS, a computing sharing mechanism based on evolutionary algorithm and blockchain, designed to balance task offloading among user devices, edge devices, and cloud resources within 6G CPN, thereby enhancing the computing resource utilization. We model computing sharing as a multi-objective optimization problem, aiming to improve resource utilization while balancing other issues. To tackle this NP-hard problem, we devise a kernel distance-based dominance relation and incorporated it into the Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm III, significantly enhancing the diversity of the evolutionary population. In addition, we propose a pseudonym scheme based on zero-knowledge proof to protect the privacy of users participating in computing sharing. Finally, the security analysis and simulation results demonstrate that BECS can fully and effectively utilize all computing resources in 6G CPN, significantly improving the computing resource utilization while protecting user privacy.
Shi Qiu, Jinqing Li, Xiaoqiang Di, Xusheng Li · 6 authors
To address the issues of poor user privacy protection and insecure communication in the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT) environment, we propose a blockchain-based lightweight mutual authentication scheme for the IoMT. First, our scheme is a two-factor authentication scheme that uses certificates and feature information for identity authentication. Second, we use elliptic curve cryptography and the Chinese remainder theorem to design a lightweight identity registration and authentication algorithm. This algorithm can aggregate multiple identity information of users for verification, while achieving efficient user identity authentication and ensuring the security of user identity information. Finally, we combined nonfungible tokens (NFTs) with user device information, and through a composable NFT solution, we ensured the uniqueness and immutability of user identity information on the blockchain, while facilitating user identity management. The formal security analysis based on AVISPA has proven the security of our scheme. Performance analysis shows that the proposed scheme has low communication and storage overhead. We simulated the proposed scheme on the Ethereum platform using the Solidity language and conducted latency and throughput analysis of our smart contracts using the stress testing tool, Hyperledger Caliper. The results illustrate the practicality of our scheme.
This paper argues that cryptocurrency, including cryptocurrencies such as Bitcoin, should be understood as qualified property. We build up support for this claim in three stages: first, we outline the diversity of cryptocurrencies, a diversity which is underappreciated in the current literature. We then outline the importance of theoretical presuppositions which operate in the ‘cryptocurrencies as property’ debate. This is followed by a detailed critique of established positions. We explore the shortcomings of three commonly-held views in the debate: that cryptocurrencies are property, belonging to a third category of personal property beyond the choses in possession/choses in action distinction; that cryptocurrencies are property and belong to the category of choses in action; and, lastly, that cryptocurrencies are not property at all. We then develop a new analysis of property in cryptocurrencies, taking into account both the variety of cryptocurrencies which exist and capturing the doctrine operating currently in property law, including its theoretical underpinnings. Through understanding rights in property as relative, and property itself as a scale, we avoid the shortcomings of other popular accounts whose shortcomings we identify, and show that cryptocurrencies are a form of choses in possession – namely, qualified property.
Pohsun Feng, Ziqian Bi, Yan, Lawrence K. Q., Yizhu Wen · 17 authors
A detailed exploration of blockchain technology and its applications across various fields is provided, beginning with an introduction to cryptography fundamentals, including symmetric and asymmetric encryption, and their roles in ensuring security and trust within blockchain systems. The structure and mechanics of Bitcoin and Ethereum are then examined, covering topics such as proof-of-work, proof-of-stake, and smart contracts. Practical applications of blockchain in industries like decentralized finance (DeFi), supply chain management, and identity authentication are highlighted. The discussion also extends to consensus mechanisms and scalability challenges in blockchain, offering insights into emerging technologies like Layer 2 solutions and cross-chain interoperability. The current state of academic research on blockchain and its potential future developments are also addressed.
The world has seen enormous disruption by new age technologies in every domain of today's economy including the arena of art, music and entertainment. Furthermore, the impact of artificial intelligence and blockchain technology particularly the Non Fungible Tokens (NFTs) has overwhelmed scholars about their understanding of laws related to intellectual property. Advances in technology are expanding the scope of intellectual property beyond traditional patents, trademarks, designs, trade secrets, plant breeders' rights, and more. Various issues related to intellectual property have taken centre stage in the world of NFTs and Blockchains. Intellectual property disputes over virtual goods and NFTs are on the rise, and countries across the world are endeavoring to address the issues related to the protection of virtual goods. This article analyses the nature and scope of protection granted to virtual goods and NFTs in major jurisdictions viz the US and China. Further, the article analyses if the provisions of Indian IP Laws particularly the Trademarks and Designs Acts are sufficient to grant protection to the virtual goods.
Open access
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
In the digital information age, the traditional centralized storage model is vulnerable to security attacks, which leads to the spread of false information and difficulty in tracing. This study proposes a decentralized campus information security system using blockchain technology and builds a tamper-proof, traceable, and privacy-protected architecture through Ethereum and Inter Planetary File System (IPFS). The system uses zero-knowledge proof and homomorphic encryption technology to ensure privacy and uses IPFS as an off-chain storage mechanism to improve the scalability of the system and data access speed. Experimental results show that compared with traditional digital applications, the system performs well in ensuring the authenticity and security of information and effectively protects user privacy.
Firas Abu Hasan, Huthaifa I. Ashqar, Anas Alsobeh, Omar Darwish
Digital technologies' emergence has promised a transformative era in identity management. This thesis presents a holistic exploration of a blockchain-based national digital identity framework designed to meet the unique needs and challenges of the Palestinian context. The proposed model leverages blockchain's security and decentralization to create a secure, user-centric, and multi-purpose platform for identity management. Through an in-depth analysis of identity proofing, authentication, authorization, and assurance levels, the model offers a holistic approach to identity management. Users are equipped with digital wallets to store, manage, and control access to their identity information, fostering user empowerment and data privacy. The proposed model's scalability, modular architecture, and adherence to open standards ensure seamless integration with diverse entities, overcoming occupation-related limitations and managing financial costs. at the same time, strict compliance with data privacy and cybersecurity standards reinforces user trust. Offline access options, such as quick response (QR) codes, bridge infrastructure gaps, and enhance customer experience. The model facilitates the digital economy, ease of access to government services, financial inclusion, and environmental conservation, and extends services to Palestinians in the diaspora. In a world increasingly reliant on digital identities, this thesis proposes a model that not only meets the demands of the digital age but also addresses the unique challenges of the Palestinian context. Doing so provides a robust foundation for secure and inclusive digital identity management in Palestine and offers valuable insights for similar contexts worldwide.
Déploiement et application optimisées de la blockchain pour un internet industriel des objets de confiance L'Internet des objets (IIoT) continue d'offrir de nouvelles perspectives et de nouveaux défis, ainsi que son potentiel pour améliorer son environnement commercial, une cyberattaque, une violation de la vie privée et des probabilités. La chose est la croissance de la technologie. L'avenir de la technologie et de la blockchain est une affaire stable et stable dans le monde des systèmes IIoT. La valeur de la blockchain dans le futur et l'avenir de la bourse. Identité et contrôle d'accès. Malgré ces avantages, mesure que les applications IIoT se diversifient et que les volumes de données croissent, la demande en ressources des systèmes blockchain se heurte aux ressources limitées des appareils IIoT, ce qui entraîne des contradictions non résolues et des problèmes persistants. existence manquent encore d'authentification d'identité IIoT anonymat et efficace, avec des processus de cryptage et de décryptage complexes induisant un système non surchargé La meilleure performance de la blockchain, le travail de la blockchain, l'architecture et l'architecture de l'Internet des objets. commencent à travailler sur la blockchain et la protection du public, une solution au problème de la blockchain, une solution au problème des cours boursiers et aux questions environnementales et « l'authentification » de l'IIoT de manières et sécurisées. , d'une manière qui fait la différence dans les bas et garantit l'incongruité des origines du tissu. C'est une transaction chronophage, un processus difficile à gérer dans les transactions. C'est un processus de transaction intemporel (DAG). les avantages du manioc, du sélénium et les résultats sont comparatifs. Pour les processus industriels plus contrôlés et les données sensibles et privées IIoT, cette thèse propose un schéma Un contrat intelligent qui peut vous aider dans votre activité (ABAC) C'est stable et stable, c'est un rapide. consensus et c'est une simulation, c'est un consensus, c'est un vrai problème, c'est un problème, c'est un problème, c'est un problème, c'est une demande, c'est une demande 'Algorithme Zero-Knowledge Proof (ZKP), intégrer le protocole et la preuve dans. un moyen traditionnel et sans interaction d'améliorer votre chiffrement (CP-ABE) IIoT. Combinant le système de publication-abonnement distribué IIoT (DPS-IoT) ultrasonique Hyperledger Fabric, améliore les éléments considérables et l'efficacité dans la bande passante et les environnements globaux IoT. expérience intemporelle, c'est le moment de confirmer que c'est un protocole, c'est minimiser la charge, c'est un système, c'est stocker des trucs, c'est gestuel, c'est global, c'est IIoT et ses applications C'est un voyage intemporel et un pas en avant dans l'IIoT, un pas. en avant dans la fabrication. Par conséquent, un signe de contribution, un nom de domaine de l'IIoT, une solution au problème et une robustesse pour les systèmes industriels actuels et futurs.
Abstract: In traditional digital identity management solutions, the authentication process mostly adopts a centralized authentication model, where user identity data is stored in a single authentication authority, which leads to a myriad of problems such as data leakage, data tampering, and single point of failure. How to ensure the security of user identity data and how to carry out effective privacy protection is the key to ensuring the digitalization process in various industries. Blockchain has the characteristics of decentralization and tampering, which can provide a reliable data storage solution. Zero-knowledge proof technology can verify the correctness of certain facts without revealing specific information. In digital identity applications, zero-knowledge proof allows users to prove their identity without revealing any personal information. Therefore, this paper proposes an identity authentication model based on blockchain and zero-knowledge proof to ensure the security of the user's identity data during the identity authentication process. Meanwhile, in order to make the authentication process more reliable, smart contract technology is introduced to complete the whole authentication process.
A gestão esportiva está se tornando mais desafiadora com os avanços tecnológicos a partir das transformações significativas nos modelos de negócios e na interação entre fãs e clubes. A Web3 oferece uma oportunidade para melhorar essa gestão, trazendo maior eficiência, transparência e envolvimento das partes interessadas, podendo revolucionar a interação dos fãs e a monetização de equipes, permitindo uma participação mais ativa de seus torcedores. As Organizações Autônomas Descentralizadas (DAOs) representam uma inovação que pode promover maior transparência, engajamento dos fãs e eficiência na gestão esportiva, introduzindo um novo modelo de governança, possibilitando decisões mais democráticas e colaborativas. No entanto, a adoção dessas tecnologias ainda enfrenta desafios e requer uma mudança cultural no setor esportivo. Objetivo: Verificar, compreender e analisar como a aplicação da Web3 pode auxiliar no potencial dos negócios no setor esportivo com a adoção das tecnologias emergentes. Materiais e métodos: O primeiro estudo consistiu em uma revisão sistemática da literatura utilizando a metodologia PRISMA e EBSE, onde foram analisados 37 estudos primários sobre a aplicação da tecnologia blockchain no esporte. Esse levantamento permitiu um entendimento abrangente das aplicações atuais e do potencial futuro dessa tecnologia no setor esportivo. O segundo estudo, também baseado em uma revisão sistemática, analisou 25 artigos específicos sobre fan tokens, abordando suas características técnicas e seu papel na melhoria da participação dos fãs em decisões menores dos clubes esportivos. No terceiro estudo, foi realizada uma análise correlacional de 20 fan tokens, utilizando dados financeiros e de mercado coletados do site CoinGecko. A análise revelou que a avaliação totalmente diluída (FDV) dos tokens correlaciona-se significativamente com o preço e a capitalização de mercado, indicando que as expectativas futuras estão alinhadas com as avaliações de mercado. Entretanto, a proporção de capitalização do mercado (M/FDV) apresentou correlação negativa, sugerindo que uma menor M/FDV pode indicar uma tendência de aumento nos preços futuros devido à percepção de subvalorização. No quarto estudo, foi proposto um modelo conceitual para a criação e utilização de uma DAO para a gestão de uma entidade esportiva, baseado em princípios de governança e empoderamento da comunidade. Esse modelo destaca a importância de uma abordagem colaborativa entre clubes, fãs, desenvolvedores de tecnologia e reguladores para a concretização do potencial dessas inovações. Conclusão: A partir dos resultados encontrados nos artigos, observou-se que a tecnologia blockchain tem potencial para revolucionar a gestão esportiva, tornando-a mais inclusiva, transparente e eficiente. Os fan tokens destacam-se como uma ferramenta significativa para aumentar o engajamento dos fãs e gerar novas fontes de receita. No entanto, a concretização desse potencial depende de uma abordagem colaborativa entre clubes, fãs, desenvolvedores de tecnologia e reguladores. A dualidade desses ativos, enquanto promovem uma conexão entre os fãs, introduz complexidades técnicas, financeiras e regulatórias que requerem atenção. Pesquisas futuras devem focar na criação de diretrizes regulatórias específicas e na análise do impacto econômico e social dessas inovações para maximizar os benefícios e superar os desafios associados à sua adoção no setor esportivo
The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) faces serious data privacy issues, such as the risk of data leakage during aggregation and transmission. However, existing studies rarely consider data privacy protection from the perspective of 5G core networks (CNs). This article proposes a federation chain-based data privacy protection system for the control plane in 5G CN to facilitate secure and decentralized communications between IIoT devices and other networks components, enhancing data integrity and confidentiality. Using XPRO instrument, 5G CN signaling storm simulation test platform, Free5GC, UERANSIM simulator, and Kali platform, the system simulates and generates realistic control plane data streams in IIoTs. To prevent unauthorized data access, we design an authentication algorithm based on the Bulletproofs zero-knowledge proof technique. Additionally, we implement a data encryption and decryption algorithm based on the Paillier partially homomorphic encryption for user privacy. We design a foundation model-based anomaly flow detection and analysis module to improve the security of the system for anomalous signaling flows. The feasibility and effectiveness of the system are validated on a 5G CN simulation testing platform, and experimental results show that the proposed approach ensures robust and scalable IIoT data privacy protection.
Blockchain technology relies on consensus mechanisms, which are essential systems for validating transactions and ensuring their authenticity. These mechanisms maintain a permanent record of all valid transactions within a blockchain, establishing trust among users of cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin and Ethereum. By verifying and confirming transactions, consensus mechanisms Safeguard the integrity and protection of the blockchain network, safeguarding it from fraud or malicious activities. Once validated, a transaction is permanently added to the blockchain, becoming an immutable part of the network’s ledger. The process of building trust in a decentralized blockchain environment hinges on the consensus mechanism's ability to facilitate agreement among network participants (nodes). A variety of consensus methodologies have been developed to fulfill this need, each with its unique approach to ensuring security, transparency, and efficiency. For instance, Proof of Work (PoW) involves participants solving intricate mathematical puzzles to validate transactions, whereas Proof of Stake (PoS) grants validation rights based on the amount of cryptocurrency a participant owns. Moreover, more energy-efficient and scalable models like Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS) and Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance (PBFT) have been developed to tackle the challenges of blockchain scalability and sustainability. In this paper, we explore the various consensus mechanisms used in blockchain systems, comparing their strengths, weaknesses, and real-world applications. We aim to provide a comprehensive overview of how these mechanisms function, their role in maintaining security, and their impact on the broader blockchain ecosystem
The blockchain system has emerged as one of the focal points of research in recent years, particularly in applications and services such as cryptocurrencies and smart contracts. In this context, the hash value serves as a crucial element in linking blocks within the blockchain, ensuring the integrity of block contents. Therefore, hash algorithms represent a vital security technology for ensuring the integrity and security of blockchain systems. This study primarily focuses on analyzing the security and execution efficiency of mainstream hash algorithms in the Proof of Work (PoW) calculations within blockchain systems. It proposes an evaluation factor and conducts comparative experiments to evaluate each hash algorithm. The experimental results indicate that there are no significant differences in the security aspects among SHA-2, SHA-3, and BLAKE2. However, SHA-2 and BLAKE2 demonstrate shorter computation times, indicating higher efficiency in execution.
In the realm of modern healthcare, Electronic Health Records EHR serve as invaluable assets, yet they also pose significant security challenges. The absence of EHR access auditing mechanisms, which includes the EHR audit trails, results in accountability gaps and magnifies security vulnerabilities. This situation effectively paves the way for unauthorized data alterations to occur without detection or consequences. Inadequate EHR compliance auditing procedures, particularly in verifying and validating access control policies, expose healthcare organizations to risks such as data breaches, and unauthorized data usage. These vulnerabilities result from unchecked unauthorized access activities. Additionally, the absence of EHR audit logs complicates investigations, weakens proactive security measures, and raises concerns to put healthcare institutions at risk. This study addresses the pressing need for robust EHR auditing systems designed to scrutinize access to EHR data, encompassing who accesses it, when, and for what purpose. Our research delves into the complex field of EHR auditing, which includes establishing an immutable audit trail to enhance data security through blockchain technology. We also integrate Purpose-Based Access Control (PBAC) alongside smart contracts to strengthen compliance auditing by validating access legitimacy and reducing unauthorized entries. Our contributions encompass the creation of audit trail of EHR access, compliance auditing via PBAC policy verification, the generation of audit logs, and the derivation of data-driven insights, fortifying EHR access security.
Smart contracts are central to a myriad of critical blockchain applications, from financial transactions to supply chain management. However, their adoption is hindered by security vulnerabilities that can result in significant financial losses. Most vulnerability detection tools and methods available nowadays leverage either static analysis methods or machine learning. Unfortunately, as valuable as they are, both approaches suffer from limitations that make them only partially effective. In this survey, we analyze the state of the art in machine-learning vulnerability detection for Ethereum smart contracts, by categorizing existing tools and methodologies, evaluating them, and highlighting their limitations. Our critical assessment unveils issues such as restricted vulnerability coverage and dataset construction flaws, providing us with new metrics to overcome the difficulties that restrain a sound comparison of existing solutions. Driven by our findings, we discuss best practices to enhance the accuracy, scope, and efficiency of vulnerability detection in smart contracts. Our guidelines address the known flaws while at the same time opening new avenues for research and development. By shedding light on current challenges and offering novel directions for improvement, we contribute to the advancement of secure smart contract development and blockchain technology as a whole.
The combination of blockchain technology provides an innovative solution to the widespread application and critical security challenges of big data in the current digital era. Therefore, this paper proposes a novel blockchain-based secure storage strategy for unstructured big data, which utilizes blockchain's distributed ledger technology to ensure the integrity and traceability of data storage, and strengthens the security protection of the data in the transmission and storage process by employing advanced encryption algorithms, such as asymmetric encryption and hash functions. Finally, we use MongoDB in conjunction with blockchain technology to realize a system architecture aimed at enhancing data confidentiality and tamper resistance through efficient encryption techniques.
Indeed, blockchain played a pivotal role in the Industrial Revolution and is considered as one of the most valuable technological developments that evolved from the past years. Decentralized finance (DeFi) and the metaverse have roots in blockchain which has brought a fundamental transition in people's lives. These evolving technologies have a major effect on the future landscape of digital platforms. This study delved into the development of digital trades in the coming future, with a special focus on the aforementioned fundamental technologies. Initially, this study scrutinized DeFi-based technologies, encompassing GameFi, SciFi, SocialFi, and other foundational elements crucial for upcoming job roles and businesses. Subsequently, the authors explored metaverse-based occupations, including metaverse-based educational institutions and markets anticipated to emerge as widely adopted enterprises.
M. Vaneeta, V. Sangeetha, A. S. Mamatha, Anita Kanavalli
With the realm of cutting-edge innovations, technology stands out as a pivotal tool, contributing to both digital expansions and disruptions. Blockchain technology, a decentralized platform for transactions, plays a crucial role in this landscape. All transactions within this framework are meticulously recorded on a distributed public ledger, visible to all participants in the blockchain network. The primary goals of blockchain include providing security, privacy, transparency, and anonymity. As a technological innovation, blockchain has undergone gradual development and is poised to continue transforming the world, emerging as a prominent research topic. Given its rapid growth, a comprehensive evaluation process is essential, attracting interest from researchers, businesses, and clients seeking to address various security challenges through blockchain. This chapter focuses on detailed evolutionary trends of the four blockchain phases.
As digital interactions proliferate, the need for secure, efficient, and user-controlled identity verification systems has become critical. Traditional identity frameworks are often centralized, vulnerable to breaches, and lack user privacy. Blockchain technology offers a decentralized and tamper-resistant solution to digital identity verification by providing transparency, immutability, and user sovereignty. This paper explores the core principles of blockchain-based identity systems, compares them with traditional models, and analyzes real-world applications across sectors including finance, healthcare, and government. It also addresses challenges such as interoperability, scalability, and regulatory compliance. The study concludes with recommendations for integrating blockchain into future identity ecosystems.
This paper presents a framework for securing blockchain-based IoT systems by integrating Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKPs) within a Hyperledger Fabric environment. Our approach leverages PUFs for robust device authentication and ZKPs for privacy-preserving transaction processing, addressing key challenges of security, privacy, and scalability in IoT systems. The framework’s architecture utilizes Hyperledger Fabric’s modular design and private channels to enhance scalability. Off-chain experimental results demonstrate the framework’s feasibility, with compact proof sizes (median 805 bytes) and efficient processing times (average 2,800 ms end-to-end). A comprehensive security analysis shows the framework’s resilience against various attacks, including device impersonation and data tampering. This work provides a foundation for secure and scalable blockchain-based IoT systems, with directions for future on-chain implementation and optimization for resource-constrained devices.
Open access
3 source records
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques