Blockchain Papers

Maryna Sadovenko, Olga Kondratyuk, Nataliia Suprun, Maxim Tarverdiev

In today's digital age, technical engineering plays an important role in using artificial intelligence and cryptocurrency to optimize tax systems and improve financial efficiency in fintech businesses. Artificial intelligence helps automate business processes, especially in taxation, which reduces the cost of tax administration. Cryptocurrencies open up new opportunities for optimizing tax systems, providing greater transparency and efficiency in financial transactions.. The use of AI in tax administration can streamline processes, reduce human error, and improve compliance. AI algorithms can analyze large amounts of data, identify patterns, and detect potential tax evasion or fraud, leading to more accurate tax assessments and improved revenue collection. Additionally, AI-powered chatbots and virtual assistants can provide taxpayers with personalized support and guidance, enhancing the overall experience. Cryptocurrencies, on the other hand, offer a transparent and secure way to conduct financial transactions. By leveraging blockchain technology, cryptocurrencies enable immutable and auditable records of transactions, which can facilitate tax reporting and compliance. Furthermore, the decentralized nature of cryptocurrencies eliminates the need for intermediaries, reducing transaction costs and increasing efficiency. However, the implementation of these technologies in tax systems requires significant investments in infrastructure, software, and personnel training. Tax authorities ought to allocate substantial budgets to modernize their systems and integrate AI and blockchain solutions seamlessly. Additionally, concerns over data privacy and the potential for cyber threats pose challenges in ensuring the confidentiality and security of taxpayer information.

Svetlana N. Kovalenko, Yulia N. Kovalenko, E. Sedova, Sergey Yu. Gaganov

This study examines smart contracts as a legal and informational basis for the formation of digital financial assets in the Russian banking sector. In the context of global digitalization of financial services, credit institutions are actively introducing innovative technologies, opening up new horizons for the development of the financial market. The main attention is paid to the study of the functioning of smart contracts, their legal aspects and their impact on financial stability. It analyzes how smart contracts using blockchain technologies contribute to the automation of transactions, providing a high degree of security and transparency. The study demonstrates examples of the use of smart contracts in Russian banks, including asset tokenization and the creation of digital bonds. These mechanisms not only optimize processes, but also minimize the risks of errors during financial transactions. In addition, the regulatory documents and recommendations of the Central Bank concerning the regulation of the CFA are considered, as well as the importance of forming a legal framework that promotes the development of smart contracts. It has been established that the creation of clear rules and standards will allow credit institutions to effectively integrate new technologies into their activities. Thus, this study highlights the key role of smart contracts in the transformation of the financial sector, as well as the need for further research and development of legislation to support this innovative practice in Russia.

Marilou Ioakimidis, Anastasios Magoutas

ABSTRACT: It is widely held that smart contracts on a blockchain possess several unique properties, including immutability, disintermediation, and enhanced security, that can be advantageous to organizations. In particular, having these properties can enable smart contracts to benefit human resources departments in a number of ways, including applicant verification, tracking employee skills and tasks, and facilitating compensation. However, it is also reported that effectively implementing smart contracts involves a number of challenges to HR managers. To address these challenges, it would be valuable to establish criteria to help HR managers employ smart contracts successfully. The purpose of this paper is to develop a set of such criteria. The paper first provides an overview of the nature of blockchain and smart contracts and then, based on a review of relevant literature, describes how implementation of blockchain-enabled smart contracts in an HR department may benefit an organization by producing transaction cost savings through expediting processes, enhancing security, and reducing intermediaries. The paper then focuses on various challenges that have been identified in the literature to the successful use of smart contracts. These include issues regarding smart contract integrity, immutability, and security, as well as potential problems associated with a variety of legal issues. Synthesizing this information, the paper develops a set of best practice guidelines to help HR managers determine whether and how to employ smart contracts successfully for HR-related processes. The guidelines emphasize the importance of initial understanding and testing of planned smart contracts, protecting security by ensuring that only permissioned people can access smart contract data, and guaranteeing the integrity of smart contracts by paying very close attention to the translation of natural to programming language and establishing robust reviews of programmed contracts. Policy implications of the guidelines include the importance of HR departments ensuring that all employees who are involved in implementing the technology have a good understanding of the nature and capabilities of smart contracts, that robust methods be implemented to guarantee that the contracts are correctly programmed, and that HR managers keep abreast of legislative environment related to legal issues that may affect their department’s use of smart contracts.

N. N. Utolin

The subject of the study is the improvement of tax administration in the context of new economic forms of investment and settlements. The purpose of the work is to form a stable structure of interaction between taxpayers and tax authorities, based on ensuring compliance with the principles of accessibility, clarity and simplicity in order to increase the receipt of taxes and fees into the country's budget system and simplify the process of taxpayers fulfilling their obligations. The need to improve the tax administration of cryptocurrencies by modifying the processes of interaction between taxpayers, tax and other authorities has been established. A model of interaction and regulation of transactions with cryptocurrency is proposed, which minimizes the financial and resource participation of the state apparatus and ensures minimal participation of investors in the calculation and payment of taxes and fees, shifting responsibility for tax offenses to operators in the form of credit institutions, exchanges, and other accredited organizations in Russia that carry out these operations by integrating part of them functions, which will lead to a reduction in negative factors, due to the lack of elaboration of legislative norms, it will reduce the burden on tax administration authorities and simplify the payment of taxes for taxpayers. Conclusions are drawn about the need to regulate transactions with such a financial instrument as cryptocurrency at the legislative level and improve tax administration at the level of tax and other authorities to ensure budget filling.

M. Dubel

The article examines the characteristics of the transformation of the music industry in the context of digitalization.The article reveals the features of the change in the structure of the music product from 1999 to 2023.There is a clear trend towards a decrease in physical sales and an increase in streaming over the 25 years studied.Moreover, streaming can be considered the main reason for a certain revival of sales in the music industry as a whole.In 2023, streaming continued to dominate global revenues, but revenues from all music formats increased, except for downloads and other digital content.Streaming, performing rights and physical formats such as CDs and vinyl grew faster in 2023 than in 2022.Revenues from physical sales increased by 13.4%, which is the highest growth rate among all formats in 2023.The transformation of the music industry in the digitalization era has been marked by innovations and challenges that have arisen along the way.The article explores the evolution from the period of dominance of physical media, such as vinyl records, cassettes and CDs, to the digital revolution, which introduced formats such as MP3 and AAC.The growth of streaming platfroms, with the leaders being Spotify and Apple Music, has reshaped how consumers access music.It should be noted that there have also been problems, particularly concerning remuneration for musicians.The introduction of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) and the possibility of achieving more equitable compensation through the use of blockchain are potential solutions for the industry.It can be predicted that the music industry will continue to adapt to the challenges inherent in the digital era.In these unique conditions, the interaction between producers, suppliers (distributors), and consumers of a musical product will be crucial.These changes underscore the need for further research in this direction, particularly on the digital distribution of musical products.

Y-H. Chen, Komal Sharma, Chetan Sharma, Shamneesh Sharma

Food safety hazards can be discovered and avoided using XAI and blockchain technology. The immutable and transparent ledger of blockchain technology can be used to maintain track of perishable food items, allowing for more rapid and precise detection of contamination and immediate removal from shelves. Using blockchain technology, smart agriculture can streamline the supply chain by connecting farmers directly with their customers. As a result, community members may be more confident in meeting their own dietary needs. Combining XAI, blockchain, and smart agriculture has far-reaching societal and economic implications. More efficiency, openness, and sustainability in the food chain might benefit farmers, consumers, and the world. This study provides a detailed bibliometric overview and visualization of integrating two prominent and promising technologies, explainable AI and Blockchain, into Smart Agriculture. In this study, the author implemented analysis in four phases, and for each phase, the author chose different strings, which provided different analysis results. 2479 articles are taken for “smart agriculture”, 103 articles for “Smart agriculture and blockchain”, 37 articles for “blockchain and explainable,” and finally, seven articles for “smart agriculture and explainable AI”. In this study, the mapping program VOSviewer is used for Network analysis. This study uses the co-occurrence, co-citation, and bibliographic coupling employed in VOSviewer to uncover significant focus areas and prominent authors and publications. By using a variety of publications, research was conducted on vital topics for this integration; as a consequence, influence and collaborations began to take place, ultimately leading to development.

Tetiana Наikova, Mykola Мoroz, Volodymyr Zahorianskyi, Yurii Burіennikov

Most often, the possibilities of the applied digital technologies / tools are not used to their full extent, which is due to either the insufficient level of knowledge and competencies of the staff, or the complexity of the technical program implementation. At the same time, the methodology of digital transformation itself, especially in relation to logistics and supply chain management (SCM), is insufficiently developed, despite the existing works of foreign and domestic specialists in this field. The results of the analysis show the relevance and urgent need for the development of conceptual technological platforms of digital solutions for logistics services in supply chain management at the stage of using artificial intelligence and blockchain technology. A study was conducted on the possibility of using promising digital technologies in logistics and ULP, in particular Blockchain (distributed ledger systems), Cloud Services (cloud services), Augmented/Virtual Reality (AR/VR) (augmented / virtual reality), Big Data (big data analytics), Predictive Analytics, Industry 4.0 (Robots) and the Internet of Thing. The very procedure of digital transformation of supply chains should include a number of project solutions related to the formation of a communication network structure (Multi Party Net-work), in particular, using blockchain technology, an integrated supply chain planning system, as well as a digital platform for controlling and monitoring events in the chain supplies (Supply Chain Control Tower). Warehouse logistics is an industry that actively implements innovations. To work in the warehouse, special robots with the prefix AGV (literally – automatically controlled vehicle) are used. A project analysis is being conducted on the development of unmanned trucks using the existing developments of unmanned technologies of domestic car manufacturers and prototypes of unmanned cargo vehicles. The necessity of researching the prospects of robotization of warehouse operations and the use of unmanned vehicles (drones and trucks without drivers) in the distribution / delivery of Final Mile Logistics is shown.

Denis Virovets, Sergiy Obushnyi, Olena Shtepa, Hennadii Hulak · 5 authors

Decentralized Autonomous Organizations (DAO), which have already become independent participants in the relationship in the Web 3.0 economy, are currently neither decentralized nor autonomous because most of the functions and tools used are still centralized, the management of DAOs still largely depends on collective decision-making by all participants. Greater autonomy can be provided by the use of Autonomous Economic Agents (AEA) in DAOs to organize governance, improve communication between participants, create an autonomous reward system, and speed up the search for information and solutions. AEA can be used as a tool to conclude transactions or implement a part of their functions. The article provides an overview of the main technological developments in the field of AEA and DAO and also describes the main ways they could interact in economic peer-to-peer digital systems, taking into account their role, characteristics, and functions. Attention is also drawn to the economic benefits that a DAO acquires from the use of autonomous agents.

Feitulla N. Verdikhanov, Milaslava I. Morozevich, Aset V. Tagirova

В данной статье рассмотрена проблема восприятия нового вида электронных денег – криптовалют, а также неправильная трактовка цифровых финансовых активов, изучаются основные проблемы и возможность использования нового вида финансового актива. Цель работы заключается в изучении основных проблем и способов использования криптовалюты в национальной экономике. Рассмотрены виды криптовалют, отличительные особенности и структура популярных криптовалют. Рассмотрена проблема восприятия нового вида электронных денег, изучаются основные проблемы и возможность использования нового вида финансового актива. Подробно описаны способы использования криптовалют. Сопоставлены централизованные и децентрализованные формы электронных цифровых активов. Представлен опыт компаний, которые начали внедрять в свои бизнес-процессы блокчейн и криптовалюты, а также активный переход к цифровым финансовым активам.
 Цель: изучить основные проблемы и способы использования криптовалюты в национальной экономике и сформулировать рекомендации по их перспективному применению.
 Метод исследования: метод анализа и синтеза, метод обобщения, табличный метод.
 Результаты: в работе описано современное состояние использование криптовалют и иных крипотинструментов в мировой и российской экономике и дан обзор основных проблем, с которыми связано их применение. Описаны причины возникновения этих проблем.
 Область применения результатов: полученные результаты могут быть использованы для дальнейшего теоретического обоснования природы криптовалют как инновационного экономического инструмента. Кроме того, они могут быть полезны для государств, бизнеса и частных лиц с точки зрения выбора оптимальной модели использования криптовалют в хозяйственной деятельности.

Alexander Yukhno

The paper discusses formation features of the metaverse concept in terms of the active introduction of information and communication technologies (ICT) into the state governance and business. The work’ goal is to study the concept content, its structure and development prospects. The author used such general scientific research methods as content analysis, comparative and correlation analysis, grouping, synthesis, systematization. In order to reveal the concept content, the paper reflects various approaches to the definition of the term “metaverse”. The author proposes his understanding and analyzes the issues of transition to the Web3 era and its relationship with the metaverse in the digital transformation of society and economy. The research presents a vision of the major elements of the metaverse at the current time. Despite the emerging risks, it assumes the active use of ICT and trends towards decentralization of the economy will contribute to the further implementation of the metaverse concept in our daily life. A practical significance of the research lies in the possibility of using its provisions in the compilation of strategies for the development of corporations and state institutions. As an inference, the study gives some recommendations to corporations on taking part in the creation and it makes development of virtual worlds and a conclusion about the prospects for the concept progress in the medium term.

Olga N. Uglitskikh, Yulia E. Sizon, Raisa I. Safiullaeva

The article discusses modern digital financial technologies used in transactions with decentralized and centralized finance. The blockchain technology is presented, on the basis of which the world’s cryptocurrencies are created and bank payments are made. Attention is paid to Russian cryptocurrencies and the possibility of using them as a means of payment when transferring funds. The advantages and disadvantages of cryptocurrency and banking transactions are compared. The conclusion is made about the choice based on the individual needs and preferences of users, as well as the availability and acceptance of cryptocurrency in the country or industry.

Надія Проскурніна

Classic banking operations, such as granting loans, accepting deposits and participating in payment transactions, are on the verge of revolution thanks to the potential use of web 3.0 technologies and tokenized assets. These new financial horizons run the gamut from unsecured virtual assets (like cryptocurrencies) and shadow payments to central bank digital currencies and widespread circulation of money rights. The potential of digital transformations in the financial sphere is best illustrated by distributed ledger technology (blockchain) and new solutions based on it – decentralized digital platforms and tokenized assets. However, there are other forms of decentralized financial instruments, payment services and financing that can allow households and companies to access credit and share unbreakable financial risks, bypassing traditional financial intermediaries. This scientific article discusses relatively new methods of providing access to low-cost and "seamless" payment systems from the point of view of their implementation in small or regional banks. The drive to innovate through alternative financing mechanisms involves the integration of many disparate customers into mainstream and even new financial systems. Tokenized assets can become a means that are available to those who are deprived of access to classic banking services, and even to those who are outside the scope of services of traditional banks.

Petimat Gekhaeva, Elimhazhi Bolotkhanov, S Ismoilova

In recent years, the financial sector has been a leader in digital transformation. An additional driver of its accelerated digitalization was the COVID-19 pandemic, which contributed to the active spread of mobile banking, contactless payments, digital services for managing investment portfolios, etc. The largest banks and insurance companies play a leading role in the digitalization of financial services. New fintech companies have emerged both within large banking ecosystems and as stand-alone start-ups providing financial services on their own. The digital transformation of the financial sector is based on the integration of distributed ledger systems, cloud technologies, big data analysis and AI. As a result of the use of digital technologies, new business models are being built. For example, the Open Banking system, which is based on API (Application Programming Interface) technologies and is designed to exchange information necessary for the development of financial products and services, has become widespread. Such a system allows non-financial organizations to offer financial products and services personalized to the needs of a particular client.

Aleksandr Kud

The paper is dedicated to the discussion of the author’s attempt to explain a trend in the future market infrastructure development through the use of tokenized assets. The paper successively solves eight working tasks: a) clarify standard functions of the market infrastructure and roles of a market intermediary; b) outline the logic for developing a virtual market and place of a legal deal; c) clarify four mandatory components of a standard deal; d) distinguish the concept of “tokenized document” as a modern type of legally valid contract; e) distinguish entities and objects involved in a deal and essential conditions of a legally valid deal; f) subjectively assess the potential impact of tokenized assets on the renewal and development of the market infrastructure; g) outline new opportunities for regulating market relations using tokenized assets, which are consequences of their properties and parameters of tokenized assets; h) summarize levels of formation of a new economic potential of tokenized assets for the market infrastructure development. The author concludes that distributed ledger tools and especially the most promising type of distributed ledger virtual asset, such as a tokenized asset, can drive the market infrastructure modernization. It will be a new and additional means for addressing global wealth inequality using tokenized assets. Its “key” is to create new professional jobs in the ecosystems of decentralized information platforms. The most expected promising areas, especially widespread digital commerce, management of objects of intellectual property rights, agricultural sector at the level of micro and small farms, pave the way for significant, almost radical transformations in the composition, structure and number of participants in the market infrastructure and economic relations on the markets. The main and fundamental technical means for this new market infrastructure organization are backed distributed ledger tokens or tokenized assets, namely tokenized contracts, tokenized resources and tokenized deals. Based on the information and applied nature of tokenized assets and four standard components of a deal (contract, entities and objects involved as well as essential conditions of the contract), the author proposed three types of tokenized assets based on the feature “original asset underlying the tokenized asset”, namely: (a) tokenized document, (b) tokenized resource and (c) tokenized deal. Together they universally cover all types of original (underlying) assets in legal civil and economic circulation in almost any country in the world. Having different functional purposes, these three types of tokenized assets along with a digital ecosystem of services potentially fulfill many functions of market intermediaries in the modern market infrastructure.

Oksana Yuryeva, Natalya Kovaleva, Olga Shukhova

The scientific article is devoted to the study of domestic and foreign experience in financing the digitalization of agribusiness. The purpose of the scientific research is a critical review and analysis of the best domestic and foreign practices for financing the digital reform of the agro-industrial complex and related problems and possible solutions. When preparing a scientific publication, general scientific methods (observation, comparison, measurement, analysis and synthesis, the method of logical reasoning) and specific scientific methods (static analysis, peer review, graphical method) were used. Results: a critical review of domestic and foreign practice showed a significant role of private and corporate investors in the face of venture funds, endowment funds of specialized universities and active processes of intercompany cooperation between agribusinesses and IT companies. In the Russian Federation, the practice of financing the digitalization of the agro-industrial complex, on the contrary, is built on the high centralization of financial resources represented by the state regulator - the Ministry of Agriculture and its subordinate funds. This leads to the conclusion about the need for a deep revision of the mechanism for providing financing in favor of decentralizing tools and popularizing the work of private and corporate funds for financing agrotech, as well as developing the practice of online application through the developing virtual banking service for financing the APK "Smart- Contract".

G. Semeko

In the context of the rapid growth of international cash flows under the influence of globalization and digitalization of the world economy, the disadvantages of the correspondent banking network for crossborder money transfers are becoming increasingly obvious. Cross-border payments continue to be largely based on the old correspondent banking model, which has not quite benefited from the flow of innovations. New technologies have the potential to facilitate fast, low-cost, transparent and scalable payments. There is a need to modernize international payment systems and to develop alternative payment instruments based on new financial technologies. Central banks and the payments industry are considering ways to improve cross-border systems. One of the most relevant and widely discussed new payment instruments is the central bank digital currency (CBDC). А consensus has been reached in the global community on the expediency and profitability of introducing this new form of fiat money into retail payments, and a large number of countries are implementing relevant projects. In contrast, the promotion of the CBDC in the field of wholesale payments is lagging behind. However, studies confirm viability of using the CBDC in wholesale cross-border payments. A number of central banks are working on wholesale cross-border payment models, and international cooperation among central banks on wholesale CBDC, including for cross-border payments, is intensifying. The article discusses how cross-border wholesale CBDC can address challenges of the existing correspondent banking arrangement. The main purpose is to analyze the results of the most advanced international projects aimed at creating cross-border payment systems based on CBDC and distributed ledger technology. The design features of the proposed payment models, their effectiveness and potential risks are considered.

Hassan Abd El Kareem Gomaa

Smart agriculture projects have become increasingly prominent in recent years, harnessing cutting-edge technologies to revolutionize the agricultural sector. This abstract provides an overview of the modern trends in the development of smart agriculture projects. The advent of Internet of Things (IoT) and sensor technology has played a pivotal role in smart agriculture. Sensors deployed in agricultural settings collect real-time data on parameters like temperature, humidity, and soil moisture. This data is transmitted through IoT networks, enabling remote monitoring and management of farming operations, leading to improved decision-making and resource optimization. Precision agriculture is another significant trend, utilizing technologies such as GPS, drones, and remote sensing. These tools help farmers analyze field variability and deliver inputs precisely, leading to increased efficiency, reduced resource wastage, and enhanced crop yields. Data analytics and artificial intelligence (AI) have emerged as essential components of smart agriculture. Advanced algorithms and AI models process large datasets to derive valuable insights. Predictive analytics and decision support systems assist in weather forecasting, disease detection, and yield estimation, empowering farmers with data-driven recommendations. Robotics and automation technologies are transforming agriculture by automating tasks like planting, harvesting, and monitoring. Robots equipped with computer vision and AI capabilities perform intricate tasks, while automated systems for irrigation and livestock management streamline operations, reducing labor requirements. Block chain technology is being employed to enhance transparency and traceability in the agricultural supply chain. Block chain’s decentralized ledger and smart contracts enable secure record-keeping and verification, improving food safety and consumer trust. Vertical farming and controlled environment agriculture (CEA) have gained traction, especially in urban areas with limited land. These methods involve growing crops in vertically stacked systems, utilizing artificial lighting, hydroponics, and precise environmental control. Vertical farming maximizes space utilization, enables year-round production, and conserves water. Farm management software and mobile applications provide farmers with tools to streamline operations, track inputs, monitor crop growth, and access crucial agricultural information. These platforms facilitate data organization, decision-making, and collaboration among stakeholders. Overall, these modern trends in smart agriculture projects leverage technology to empower farmers with real-time information, automation, and data-driven insights. By adopting smart agriculture solutions, farmers can optimize resource utilization, improve productivity, and contribute to sustainable and resilient agricultural practices.

Т.А. Мирошниченко, С.В. Подгорская

Существующие социально-экономические проблемы села обусловливают необходимость изменения государственных программ сельского развития и корректировки концептуальной модели финансово-экономического обеспечения устойчивого развития сельских территорий на принципах инклюзивного роста. В ходе исследования было установлено, что существующая модель финансово-экономического обеспечения сельского развития имеет целый ряд недостатков, обусловленных недостаточностью бюджетного финансирования, слабой диверсификацией сельской экономики и ограниченностью доступа сельского населения и малого бизнеса к финансовым ресурсам, что препятствует выполнению своих функций органами местного самоуправления и подрывает основу финансовой самообеспеченности села. Предлагаемая концептуальная модель финансово-экономического обеспечения устойчивого инклюзивного развития сельских территорий построена на принципах бюджетной децентрализации, финансовой самостоятельности местного самоуправления, обеспечения финансовой инклюзии и гражданского участия в управлении финансовыми ресурсами. Разработанные меры финансово-экономического обеспечения сельского развития направлены на интегрированное решение комплексных проблем, повышение значения местного самоуправления и роли гражданского участия в управлении финансовыми ресурсами бюджетов сельских поселений, а также на развитие сельской экономики. The existing socio-economic problems of the village determine the necessity to change the state programs of rural development and adjust the conceptual model of financial and economic support of sustainable development of rural areas on the principles of inclusive growth. The study found that the existing model of financial and economic support of rural development has a number of drawbacks due to insufficient budget financing, poor diversification of the rural economy and limited access of the rural population and small businesses to financial resources, which prevents local governments from fulfilling their functions and undermines the basis of financial self-sufficiency of the village. The proposed conceptual model of financial and economic provision of sustainable inclusive development of rural areas is based on the principles of budgetary decentralization, financial autonomy of local government, ensuring financial inclusion and civil participation in the management of financial resources. The developed measures of financial and economic provision of rural development are aimed at the integrated solution of complex problems, increasing the importance of local selfgovernment and the role of civil participation in the management of financial resources of budgets of rural settlements, as well as contributing to the development of rural economy.

Vera Dzh. Kuzmenkova

Electronic money has become widespread in the modern world. This is facilitated by the high rate of transactions, low costs, and the increasing use of Internet technologies. One of the most popular types of digital money is possible to define cryptocurrency. But there are problems hindering its use for economic development. Therefore, the directions of using cryptocurrencies in many areas of the economy are being studied. The purpose of the study is to reveal the causes of the problems of introducing cryptocurrencies in a market economy. Empirical, systematic, analytical and other methods were used to study the main problems of using cryptocurrencies on the example of bitcoin. The meaning of the cryptocurrency is revealed, the most significant problems of its use are identified.

Anna Khvorostyanaya, I. V. Rozhdestvensky, A. V. Филимонов

Abstract. One of the strategic priorities for the development of large companies is the growth of innovation, as they provide companies with long-term competitive advantages. Working with third-party developers allows corporations to get the development they need at a relatively mature stage, when the main technical risks have already been removed. At the same time, corporations are not ready to finance early-stage developments, while venture investors in Russia mainly finance projects already at the revenue stage. In this regard, the main purpose of this article is to consider a possible mechanism for solving this problem using digital platforms based on distributed ledger technology in the part that relates to smart contracts, as well as a platform for semi-automatic examination of projects using the technology readiness assessment methodology. The creation of digital platforms is due not only to the growth of corporate interests, but also to the increased development of the global and regional trend — digitalization. The article presents and summarizes various digital platforms that can be used by companies to develop a funnel of innovative proposals, that is, industrial acceleration. For this purpose, the methods of analysis and synthesis, deduction and induction are used in the article. The key result of this article is the identified tools of digital platforms, which can reduce the systemic and non-systemic risks of strategic investment. The platform for accelerating projects based on distributed ledger technology makes it possible to achieve transparency of transactional operations by fixing the client path, and the platform for assessing the level of readiness and auditing projects based on the methodology for assessing technological readiness solves the problem of balancing the interests of different market actors and optimizes the process of building tactical tasks. These models of digital platforms can be practically implemented in the activities of various market actors and make it easier for them to determine strategic goals and select quantitative and qualitative tasks for their implementation. Further research may be devoted to the analysis of the best practices for the creation and development of such digital platforms, strategic typology, and the study of industry effects of the use of digital platforms.

Tamila S. Tasueva, Vera V. Borisova

The issues of sustainable development of territories are increasingly coming into the field of vision of scientists and practitioners. The institutional framework of the region's infrastructure implements the principles of sustainability and adaptability. The use of smart contracts can facilitate strengthening of the communication stability between subsystems and elements of the region's economy. The practice of using smart contracts in various spheres of activity (banking sector, insurance, transportation, delivery of goods, government services, etc.) demonstrates their ability to maintain the intended development trajectory, despite the influence of external factors. The possibilities of using smart contracts in the regional economy include holding a vote of citizens on a particular vital issue; organization of cadastral registers and standard electronic documents. Also they include carrying out initiatives to register companies and support small and medium-sized businesses; introduction of a mechanism for tracking shares and their financial support; management of communication between business entities and individuals in terms of compliance with environmental standards, including the provision of regulatory and reference documentation. We are not talking about the formalization of the entire economic system with smart contracts and the creation of a "digital region". The formulation of the research problem is associated with the use of smart contracts as a connecting link in the institutional framework of the regional economy, contributing to overcoming the state of instability of infrastructure in the digital economy. In recent years, support for the sustainable development of the territory has become an urgent agenda for the development of many institutions. The principles of sustainable development, or ESG -Environmental, Social, Governance, are formulated, implying a responsible approach to environmental issues, social and corporate cooperation. Obviously, in order to work according to ESG principles, Russian regions need institutional transformation. Digital tools (smart contracts, block chain, cloud technologies and artificial intelligence) create additional opportunities for the implementation of the ESG agenda. The sequence of actions is the following: analysis of the goals achieved in this direction on the basis of digital technology tools; development of a regional ESG policy (a concept for the development of a territory based on ESG principles) and informing the public (publication of the concept in the public domain) about the directions and priorities of its implementation. Then it is as follows creation of an institutional basis for the implementation of regional ESG-policy; defining the objectives of institutional support; formation of measures for the implementation of regional ESG-policy, including time limits and responsibility for their implementation.

Alexander I. Iakovlev, Inna A. Kruglova

The article considers the problem of forming the methodology foundations of crypto economy, the impact of this process on the modern economy, its role in the formation of the “money of the future”. It discusses both the main historical events of the blockchain technology formation, from the idea of blind signature and simple encryption through cryptographic building blocks to the creation and implementation of DLT (Distributed Ledger Technology), and the historical genesis of crypto economy in the developmental stages from Blockchain 1.0 to Blockchain 3.0. It is noted that the “Bit Gold” project, as the first model of digital money, not only combined all previous fundamental solutions, but also included Proof-of-Work as the main feature of the digital cash concept. The work concluded: the economy as a whole is rapidly transforming from analog to digital, but its sphere of exchange is the most rapidly developing, where the system of transferring values (the payment system is technology) and possession of values in the form of a crypto coin (money circulation is economy) represent a single whole (crypto economy).

MARINA N. STEPANCEVICH, MIHAIL I. GORBACHEV, MIHAIL A. KACHALIN

No abstract is available for this record.

NAREK KARAPETYAN

No abstract is available for this record.