Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) are transforming the digital art by allowing artists to sell unique, one-of-a-kind digital artwork that is verified on the blockchain. Although NFTs have attracted much attention from academia and industry, little is known about this innovative art practice. In this work, we focus on how NFT artists understand their art creation process, interact with NFT marketplaces, and face challenges in their NFT practices. We conducted a mixed-method study, including interviews with 19 artists and an analysis of market transactions on OpenSea and SuperRare. We found that serialization and Web3 concepts are significant features in NFT artwork creations, and artists utilize artificial intelligence and smart contracts to create artworks incorporating these features. Artists perceived that blockchain features like transparency, openness, and authentication strongly influenced their NFT trading experiences, and they also encountered challenges such as determining artwork value, rights ownership, and addressing technical issues in the creation process.
The Digital Transformation we are experiencing today is creating a rapid, profound, and significant change, much like the French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution, the October Revolution, and the Cold War era. Digital art, a form of art utilizing technology, has triggered a debate similar to the one that arose in the art world with the advent of the camera in the second half of the 19th century.In the digital universe, the rules of design, production, originality, ownership, and exchange are being rewritten. The search for new mediums in art is not unique to today; the originality of art has always been a significant issue, which is one of the central discussions of this article. Metaverse, NFT (Non-Fungible Token), and Artificial Intelligence are all components of the broader pictureโthe Digital Universe. The Metaverse represents the new living space in the future of the internet, NFTs document originality, ownership, and exchange within that space, while Artificial Intelligence, both in physical and digital realms, redefines the design and production processes of artists through its abilities to interpret data and provide insights.Art is full of contradictions, and history will determine what constitutes art. Regardless of whether it is created using Artificial Intelligence, the strategies that legitimize art and elevate the artist to stardom are part of different agendas. With the original works being created by todayโs artists in collaboration with machines, a new era in art history has begun.
Abstract Digital items that have the appearance of real utilitarian products are often tied to NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens) in the virtual space known as the metaverse, and sold as goods. The designs of real utilitarian products are increasingly being converted into the designs of such NFT goods without the permission of their developers. In order to deal with these imitations, which intersect the real and the virtual worlds, the Japanese legislator decided to utilize the existing provision for the protection of forms of goods in the unfair competition prevention law (UCPA 1993). The law was amended in June 2023 to newly define โthe act of offering through telecommunication lineโ goods that imitate the form of another personโs goods as an act of unfair competition. Copyright protection under Japanese case law has rarely been granted to designs of utilitarian products, and under Japanese design law the product design is identified not only by its shape but also by its product type. The protection of image designs is almost exclusively limited to specific images unrelated to the NFT goods. However, the revised provision of UCPA 1993 has also been generally interpreted as the provision prohibiting the imitation of designs between homogeneous products. The amendment effectively negates this interpretation. This paper reveals the impact on the existing interpretation of the relevant provision of UCPA 1993 and the issues arising from other legal provisions with respect to such imitations.
Non-fungible tokens (NFTs) are gaining popularity in the market, but graphic artists in the Bicol Region face challenges in marketability, resource allocation, and determining the best features of existing NFT marketplaces. The study aims to examine these issues and create an original NFT web platform in the Bicol Region that incorporates blockchain technology, a cryptocurrency, and a decentralized wallet. Users can earn up to US$91.8 million in a single NFT artwork when NFT products are sold. The system uses software development methodology and a design thinking process to help the researcher develop a system that benefits the graphic artists in Bicol. Users can mint, list, bid, sell, and purchase NFTs, and transactions are recorded in a blockchain with unique transaction identities. After the development of the system, vital information will be provided, such as more substantial information for readers interested in the NFT blockchain and may improve their knowledge about it.
The purpose of the article is to analyse the main stages of formation and features of NFT with a projection on their use in the cultural and artistic environment. The research methodology is based on the use of a number of methods and approaches, which, taking into account the interdisciplinary nature of the problem, are integrated from art history, history, information technology. In addition, general scientific methods of analysis and synthesis, generalisation are applied. The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to substantiate the relevance of the use of NFT (non-fungible tokens) for the preservation of cultural values, the authorship of artistic works and creative industries. Conclusions. Technologies related to digitisation, virtual reality, artificial intelligence significantly affect changes in research and creative practices. The growing number of initiatives, services and applications arising at the intersection of the latest technologies and art motivates to study and discuss the creative potential of ICT in the context of culture and art. An important component of modern cultural, artistic, and economic processes is the implementation of NFT in the Metauniverse. NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), which are mostly encoded on the blockchain, are a distributed ledger technology related not only to cryptocurrencies, but also to the rapidly growing field of artistic entrepreneurship. The complex of blockchains and the decentralisation of their potential activates questions of strategy and the opportunities they open up for artists and creative industries. NFT is primarily an opportunity for everyone to become a participant and manager of a new cultural and artistic reality, which is characterised by global trends and local features of the production, development, popularisation, and circulation of cultural values. NFT-marketplaces play an important role in the circulation of digital cultural assets and are of particular importance for the formation and functioning of the cultural and artistic space, in particular, of Ukraine. This raises important issues of managing a technology that requires expertise in cryptography, coding, and the creation of legislation for its implementation.
The widespread dissemination and sharing of digital images have led to an urgent need for image copyright protection. To address this challenge, this study proposes a comprehensive image copyright protection system based on blockchain and image processing algorithms. Firstly, image features are extracted through binarization processing and the ORB algorithm. The GMS algorithm is then employed for feature selection to enhance the accuracy of feature matching. Subsequently, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is utilized to store images and related data in a decentralized network, ensuring the immutability and traceability of information. Finally, image copyright management throughout its lifecycle, including registration, querying, and transfer, is implemented through Ethereum smart contracts.
Blockchain Technology Applications and Security
Digital Media and Visual Art
Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques
This paper delves into the utilization of NFT (Non-Fungible Token) technology for safeguarding and perpetuating Dunhuang culture, with a focus on media safety. It proposes a research methodology aimed at constructing a digital resource library and management platform utilizing this innovative technology. Addressing the imperative requirements of safeguarding work copyrights and establishing robust transaction mechanisms, it introduces the unique features of NFTs, such as non-fungibility and smart contract transactions, in a novel manner. By digitizing cultural artifacts, this approach establishes clear copyright and ownership attributes, facilitating transparent transactions and seamless transfers of ownership. Moreover, the paper explores the integration of NFT technology into the online dissemination and preservation of Dunhuang cultural works, which encompasses the creation of digital exhibitions and online museums. Through collaborative efforts both domestically and internationally, the digital works of Dunhuang culture are poised to garner global exposure, thereby enhancing its international significance. By delving into the future potential of NFT technology for safeguarding and perpetuating Dunhuang culture, this paper seeks to foster better cultural dissemination strategies, ultimately contributing to the enhanced protection, inheritance, and promotion of Dunhuang culture on a global scale.
Olawole Akomolafe, Babajide Oluwaseun Olaogun, Michael Olumuyiwa Adesuyi, Victor Ukara Ndukwe ยท 5 authors
The exponential growth of international trade and cross-border supplier transactions has created unprecedented challenges in dispute resolution mechanisms, particularly in terms of cost, time efficiency, and jurisdictional complexities. Traditional dispute resolution methods, including litigation and arbitration, often prove inadequate for addressing the dynamic nature of global supply chains, where transactions occur across multiple jurisdictions with varying legal frameworks. This research presents a comprehensive smart contract-based dispute resolution model specifically designed for international supplier transactions, leveraging blockchain technology's immutable and transparent characteristics to create automated, efficient, and enforceable resolution mechanisms. The proposed model integrates advanced algorithmic decision-making processes with established international commercial law principles, creating a hybrid system that maintains legal validity while significantly reducing resolution timeframes and costs. Through extensive analysis of existing dispute resolution frameworks and emerging blockchain technologies, this study develops a multi-layered architecture that accommodates various transaction types, dispute categories, and stakeholder requirements. The model incorporates automated evidence collection, intelligent contract interpretation, and graduated escalation procedures that ensure fair and equitable outcomes for all parties involved. Key findings demonstrate that smart contract-based dispute resolution can reduce average resolution times by 73% compared to traditional arbitration methods, while maintaining high satisfaction rates among participating parties. The model's effectiveness is particularly pronounced in standardized transaction disputes, where algorithmic decision-making can process cases within hours rather than months. Additionally, the integration of reputation systems and performance metrics creates incentive structures that promote compliance and reduce dispute frequency over time. The research contributes to the growing body of knowledge in legal technology by providing practical implementation guidelines, technical specifications, and regulatory compliance frameworks necessary for widespread adoption. The model addresses critical concerns regarding enforceability, jurisdictional recognition, and integration with existing legal systems, providing a roadmap for organizations seeking to modernize their dispute resolution capabilities. Furthermore, the study examines the socioeconomic implications of automated dispute resolution, including accessibility improvements for small and medium enterprises and potential impacts on traditional legal practice.
In this era of boundless potential that the age of technology brought with it, artists are lured by the limitless terrain of digital world. Regardless, the existing backdrop presents issues for artists who work in the old-fashioned mediums and even oneโs who work in the digital mediums, as it seems that they possess distinct challenges such as reduced revenue, complicated views on streaming statistics, copyright issues, and an old framework that is failing to suit the new digital era demands. This paper seeks to elevate the model in the form of digital art domain by combining non fungible tokens and blockchain technology. This paper proposes to respond to the looming challenges of copyright infringement as well as guaranteeing income security of digital artists. With the help of blockchain technology, this model provides a revolutionary change in the digital art world by providing a decentralized and artisanal environment that changes the digital creativity landscape.
A Non-Fungible Token (NFT) is a digital certificate of authenticity that proves ownership of anything digital such as art, music, and fashion, applying blockchain technology. Due to the growing popularity and high profitability, fashion brands started jumping into the NFT market from which the term โfashion NFTsโ has been emerging. Fashion NFTs refer to blockchain-based virtual fashion items which include garments, shoes, accessories, and all fashion-related articles. Little is known about the fashion NFTs and how they are communicated on the web. Thus, this study aims to explore the overall trends of fashion NFTs, using text mining analysis with Google data.
This paper analyzed the increasing use of Blockchain Technology in the ownership of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFT) and Digital Art. It brings into perspective the advantages of Blockchain and Arti๏cial Intelligence (AI) in the realm of collectibles, like art, music, and virtual reality. As they are NFTs, they can neither be traded nor exchanged, unlike cryptocurrencies. This opens up opportunities for new-age companies like OpenSea and Magic Eden amongst others who have achieved the status of Unicorns. An attempt was made to understand the process through which such status was achieved.
Abstract In the modern world, the fashion industry is constantly evolving, and digital technologies are having an increasingly significant impact on its development. Therefore, the research relevance is determined by the need to explore the features of modern digital fashion concerning the commercial aspect, ethical issues and concept of sustainable fashion. This research aims to predict the prospects for the development of digital fashion in the fashion and design industry, and is based on the following methods: analytical, comparative, generalisation and systematisation methods. The study results showed that digital fashion is becoming increasingly popular among well-known brands, designers and fashion houses, while the commercial use of digital fashion is expanding thanks to the non-fungible token (NFT) platform and other digital tools. At the same time, the research also identifies ethical issues related to the protection of intellectual property in digital reality. Furthermore, the research analyses the segmentation of the digital fashion market and forecasts the development of this industry until 2030 and beyond. In terms of the relationship with the concept of sustainable fashion, it is found that digital fashion can contribute to sustainable development by reducing the use of physical resources and preserving the environment.
The article examines the impact of the latest technologies, in particular NFTs (non-fungible tokens), on the art market and the protection of intellectual property rights in the context of digital transformation.The authors analyse the dynamics of the art market, pointing out its rapid growth, as well as the main trends, including the introduction of blockchain technologies and NFTs, which signifi cantly change traditional approaches to the valuation and protection of art objects.At the same time, the author emphasises the importance of improving legislation, in particular, regarding the legal status of NFT and its application in the context of copyright protection.The article discusses the existing problems and challenges, including the growth of piracy in the digital environment, and suggests solutions, including through the use of a blockchain platform to confi rm authorship and protect rights to digital works of art.The authors also focus on the low legal culture in cyberspace, which increases the number of copyright infringements, and the rigidity of the legal system, which cannot quickly adapt to changes in technological progress, in particular in the fi eld of digital technologies and artifi cial intelligence.Another problem is that it is very diffi cult to prove the authorship of a work within the framework of legal procedures, in particular in cyberspace.Thus, the article highlights the need to reform the legal system for more effective protection of intellectual property rights.
Non-Fungible Tokens were unknown territory for many but came to the fore with the $69 million sale of Beeple at Christieโs in 2021. Since then, a lot has happened in the world of NFTs, especially in the art world and on the art market. The main problem that this article seeks to address is the lack of an overview of the tangle of NFTs in the art world. It is therefore useful to take a birdโs-eye view of the phenomenon. The NFT puts digital art in a different perspective and raises questions about decentralization, sustainability, and copyright. This article will give a brief overview of the history of the NFT in the art market, as well as definitions and insights helpful for understanding the role of NFTs in the art world. The popularization of digital media and the never-ending digitalization are factors that need to be considered. As it caused a small but substantial rupture in the art world during and after COVID-19, this article also considers the future role of the NFT in the arts.
Milica Simiฤ, Katarina Sikman, Marija Vrljanac, Vukaลกin Despotoviฤ ยท 5 authors
There is a lot of misunderstanding about what non-fungible tokens represent. They are usually associated with some kind of ownership or certification, but it is much more than that. This document aims to inform the readers about different use cases of NFT in the real and virtual world, with applications in the fashion industry. The paper aims to propose a methodology for creating NFT fashion projects. According to the proposed methodology, modelling of the ecosystem for the fashion industry based on NFT is presented. An example of creating an NFT collection, minting and realizing a transaction using a smart contract was also developed. The PyTeal programming language was used to develop the smart contract, and the Algorand platform and market were used to display transactions and minting.
The development of crypto has resulted in NFT (non-fungible token) derivation. Artists began to explore the NFT market with its potential. NFT artists have different ways to get engagement and establish themselves in the world of NFT, whether in terms of artwork substance or in the social field. This study aims to deconstruct the actors behind NFT artists to elucidate the visual style and the social engagement of artists in the world of NFT. The method used in this study is a qualitative approach with data validation from interviews and NFT artwork samples. The data was subsequently processed using actor-network theory (ANT) to analyze and trace the actors behind the NFT artists. Two Indonesian artists, namely Angga Tantama and Mufti Prianka, became the study cases in this research. The result of this study shows heterogeneous actors who support the artists in their work's substance and social engagement. In the case of Mufti Prianka, NFTs influenced him to explore the possibilities of creating digital artworks, whereas for Angga, NFT platforms became one of his well-established channels to publish artworks. Based on their networks, the two Indonesian artists studied have different approaches and motivations in creating and engaging with NFTs.Proses kreatif dua seniman NFT Indonesia dalam perspektif teori jaringan aktorPerkembangan kripto telah menghasilkan derivasi NFT (non-fungible token). Para seniman mulai menjajaki pasar NFT dengan potensinya. Seniman NFT memiliki cara yang berbeda untuk mendapatkan keterlibatan dan memantapkan diri di dunia NFT baik dari segi substansi karya seni maupun dalam bidang sosial. Gaya visual dalam kategori ini bervariasi dengan seniman yang berbeda yang merupakan pencipta di belakangnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekonstruksi aktor di balik seniman NFT untuk menjelaskan gaya visual dan keterlibatan sosial seorang seniman di dunia NFT. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kualitatif dengan validasi data dari wawancara dan sampel karya seni NFT. Data tersebut selanjutnya diolah menggunakan teori jaringan aktor (ANT) untuk menganalisis dan menelusuri aktor di balik seniman NFT. Dua seniman Indonesia menjadi studi kasus dalam penelitian ini, yaitu Angga Tantama dan Mufti Prianka. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan aktor heterogen yang mendukung seniman dalam substansi karya dan keterlibatan sosialnya. Dalam kasus Mufti Prianka, NFT memengaruhinya untuk mengeksplorasi kemungkinan dalam menciptakan karya seni digital, sedangkan pada Angga, platform NFT menjadi salah satu salurannya yang mapan untuk mempublikasikan karya seni. Berdasarkan jaringan mereka, dua seniman Indonesia yang diteliti memiliki pendekatan dan motivasi yang berbeda dalam menciptakan dan terlibat dengan NFT.
Abstract Facing the information era of rapid development of the Internet, university watercolor education is in urgent need of finding a new development direction. Through the emerging education model of Internet+education, this paper regards knowledge sharing as the transaction behavior of buyers and sellers in the knowledge market and establishes a smart contract model based on the knowledge supply and demand functions. A blockchain knowledge-sharing-based watercolor painting classroom model is proposed to break the traditional teaching role and apply it to the teaching and practical analysis of watercolor painting in universities. With the Internet+ education model, the teaching diversity increased by 26.90%, and the teaching interactivity increased by 6.12% compared with the original. Nearly 60% of the students thought that the teaching effect of the Internet+ education mode was improved. In the teaching practice, the studentsโ watercolor painting works received 7.53% more A grades in color usage compared to the original. For the evaluation of spatial level, the students who received A grades increased by 18.76% compared to the original. The Internet+ education model provides a new path for the development of university watercolor painting education, which helps cultivate watercolor painting artistic talents with both inclusive artistic thoughts and unique personal artistic characteristics.
The popularity of Non-fungible Tokens is reshaping the Internet, digital assets and content. Many cultural sectors worldwide have switched and proposed using NFT technology to enhance the liquidity of financialised art assets. Numerous companies are trying to take advantage of the rapid growth of the NFT markets to increase their competitiveness. Although digital artwork provides numerous technical advantages, few design practices are available for Luoshan Shadowโs NFT virtual creative products. This study aimed to investigate the factors influencing the digital design of the Luoshan shadow by NFT technology. We conducted a thematic analysis of the comments and suggestions given by designers and non-geneticists. Data of 185 designers, consumers, and non-geneticists indicated the main concerning themes; i) copyright and security issues; ii) innovation of art form and content; iii) new presentation, and iv) benefits from Non-fungible Tokens technology. These findings may provide experience for Luoshan shadow art to start the layout of digital creative design in the context of the much-needed NFT market and to organically combine its digital derivatives with physical derivatives to achieve joint development.
A museum is the destination of the crystallization of history and culture, and a museum is the center for the development of heritage culture. The display and exhibition of historical relics can promote the harmonious development of society. However, there are many defects in traditional museums. The collection in the museum is scattered. The exhibition needs a specific time and place to open, and the exhibition mode is boring and lacks entertainment, which seriously limits the museumโs dissemination of history and culture. In order to improve the publicโs number of visits, museums need to keep pace with the times. Using augmented reality technology can digitize the information in the museum and integrate it with the userโs real environment, which solves the limitation of time and space for most users to visit the museum, and greatly increases the entertainment of users to visit the museum. In addition, the application of blockchain technology in digital museums can effectively ensure the security of museum cultural relics data and quickly restore the lost cultural relics information. The digital museum can help tourists realize cross-region viewing. Through multimedia software and hardware, it can greatly stimulate touristsโ interest and attract tourists of different ages to visit. This article uses digital technology to present physical museums in a digital form on the network, but it is difficult for digital museums to conduct targeted analysis on tourists of different ages. This article will analyze the attraction ability of digital museums to tourists of different ages, thereby attracting tourists of different ages to visit. This paper compared traditional museums with digital museums based on augmented reality technology and blockchain technology. The experimental results showed that from the perspective of young people, the average interactivity of traditional museums and digital museums was 47.20% and 78.20%, respectively; from the perspective of the elderly, the average interactivity of traditional museums and digital museums was 59.04% and 70.36%, respectively. Therefore, the digital museum built by using augmented reality technology and blockchain technology can effectively improve the interaction with users. The digital museum can improve the interaction with tourists of different ages, attract a large number of tourists for virtual visits, and improve the cultural transmission and economic development of the digital museum.
The aim of this research are 1) to study about storytelling, non-fungible token, blockchain technology and digital art profile picture (PFP); 2) to develop layer randomly model for digital art profile picture; and 3) to create Digital Art Profile Picture from the model. Research scope is layer randomly model and 100 digital art PFP. The research result is layer randomly for digital art profile picture model, divide to 3 elements; layer randomly element, storytelling set element and digital art PFP collection element, and 125 images of digital art PFP. Research finding is using storytelling is good to convey more design set, and create many design concepts to increase a difference image, for more traits and valuable of the unique NFT.