Follow blockchain research across journals, conferences, and preprint repositories.
500 results · page 10 of 21
Khutso Lebea, Wai Sze Leung
No abstract is available for this record.
Morena Barboni, Andrea Morichetta, Andrea Polini, Sebastian Bănescu · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Hans Daniel Q. Lorico, Amiel David P. Zamuco, Jaime D. L. Caro, Richelle Ann B. Juayong
No abstract is available for this record.
Sangharatna Godboley, Prasad Krishna
No abstract is available for this record.
K. Sahitya Yadav, Smita Naval
Ethereum smart contracts leverage blockchain technology to facilitate the transfer of values directly between participants on a network, eliminating the need for a central authority. These contracts are deployed on decentralized applications that operate on top of the blockchain. By doing so, they provide individuals with the ability to create agreements in a transparent and secure environment, minimizing conflicts and promoting trust. It has been observed that there are bugs in the smart contract’s codes as these are provided by various programmers across the globe. The attackers exploit these security loopholes and pose a significant threat to applications, which subsequently result in financial losses to users. Discovering vulnerability in each contract is an important but time-consuming task. Therefore, we require to provide a security layer to each smart-contract such that it will make the exploitation a bit difficult task for attackers. The use of encryption and obfuscation techniques improves the security layer. The main focus of this research is source code obfuscation, which can increase security by up to 75%. The code obfuscation in security is mainly used by attackers to hide their malicious intent. We, in this approach suggest this method for increasing the complexity of smart contracts so that these cannot be exploited easily. We evaluate the impact of adding security layer to smart contract. The evaluation was done with various static and dynamic tools that identify the vulnerability in smart contracts. We achieved promising results which show that Obfuscation technique enhances the security and complexity of codes up to 75% which are stored on public blockchain.
Caiqun Shi, Qinlong Huang, Rui Jian, Genghui Chi
The quality of medical services is improved by sharing electronic medical records (EMRs) across multiple medical institutions via cloud edge. However, EMRs contain private information about patients, and cloud servers are untrustworthy, thus they cannot be shared arbitrarily among senders and receivers. Access control encryption (ACE) is a preferred technique that produces encrypted EMRs and then restricts the capabilities of both senders and receivers to enforce the EMR flow via sanitizers. However, existing cross-domain ACE schemes employ a single sender authority to issue encryption keys for senders, which suffers from single point of failure and encryption key escrow that the sender authority can public EMRs arbitrarily. Moreover, they only support coarse-grained access structures such as AND gates, which is not suitable for flexible EMR sharing among medical institutions. To this end, we propose a cross-domain inner-product ACE (CD-IPACE) scheme that features decentralized encryption key generation and fine-grained access structures. Specifically, we construct CD-IPACE from inner-product encryption, threshold structure-preserving signature instantiated with a distributed key generation protocol, and non-interactive zero-knowledge proof, which prevents individual sender authorities from sending ciphertexts, and also protects both data and receiver privacy. Then, we design a secure EMR flow system in cloud edge named ESFlow based on CD-IPACE, which employs edge nodes as sanitizers to check encrypted EMRs and discard illegal ones. Finally, we demonstrate the security and practicality of ESFlow via formal security analysis and extensive experiments.
P. D. X. Duy, Trần Ngọc Anh, K. V. Hong, T. D. Khoa · 16 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Shiyu Yang
In recent years, non-fungible tokens (NFTs) have rapidly emerged as a novel business model based on blockchain technology. However, this phenomenon also challenges the existing copyright protection system. This research develops game models between creators and collectors in the NFT market, considering different platform reputation mechanisms. First, the potential for individuals to achieve cooperative equilibrium in repeated games is explored, and then the group evolutionary stability in evolutionary games is analyzed. The findings indicate that platforms with reputation systems are more effective in encouraging creators to consistently produce original works, which is beneficial for copyright protection. For individuals, the degree of importance that creators place on future profits plays a crucial role in fostering long-term cooperation. In this context, reputation systems can lower the threshold for cooperation by reducing the required emphasis on future gains, thereby fostering greater cooperation. For groups, in the absence of reputation systems, creators tend to adopt non-original strategies. Conversely, a reputation system can encourage originality when sufficient incentives and a critical mass of initial original creators are present. The research offers a game-theoretic perspective on copyright protection in the NFT market, offering theoretical insights for designing effective reputation systems on NFT platforms and serving as a reference for policymakers.
Maznun Arifa Mohammadan Makhtar, Novia Admodisastro, Mohd Anuar Mat Isa, Daniel Hafiz Abdullah · 5 authors
People are now widely adopting digital assets in various applications, integrating them into almost every aspect of their lives. Electronic books, or e-books, are one of the digital assets that result from the transformation of physical reading material into the digital world. Nowadays, blockchain is used in many industries because it provides immutable and transparent records. E-book publishers may take this opportunity to adopt blockchain technology for e-book data management. However, blockchain storage is limited; thus, storing the e-book files in blockchain is not recommended. A decentralized storage system, such as InterPlanetary Files Systems (IPFS), is an alternative way to store large files like e-books. IPFS can facilitate the storage of e-book files while the metadata is stored in the blockchain. The e-book metadata should be stored in a structured way for effective search and retrieval. E-book metadata could be added, deleted, and updated occasionally. Nevertheless, some data structures often struggle with dynamic collections of records. This paper proposes a linked list-based smart contract on Ethereum that integrates with IPFS for the e-book management system. We demonstrate the implementation of a linked list smart contract for insertion, deletion, update, retrieval, and traversal of the e-book’s metadata. The result shows that a linked list-based smart contract with IPFS could offer a robust solution for e-book data management. This solution provides more opportunities to explore further security and cryptography approaches toward a secure e-book management system.
Shenghui Cheng
No abstract is available for this record.
Šeila Bećirović, Irfan Prazina, Damir Pozderac, Razija Turčinhodžić Mulahasanović · 5 authors
Digital credentials represent crucial elements of digital identity on the Internet. Credentials should have specific properties that allow them to achieve privacy-preserving capabilities. One of these properties is selective disclosure, which allows users to disclose only the claims or attributes they must. This paper presents a novel approach to selective disclosure BLS-MT-ZKP that combines existing cryptographic primitives: Boneh-Lynn-Shacham (BLS) signatures, Merkle hash trees (MT) and zero-knowledge proof (ZKP) method called Bulletproofs. Combining these methods, we achieve selective disclosure of claims while conforming to selective disclosure requirements. New requirements are defined based on the definition of selective disclosure and privacy spectrum. Besides selective disclosure, specific use cases for equating digital credentials with paper credentials are achieved. The proposed approach was compared to the existing solutions, and its security, threat, performance and limitation analysis was done. For validation, a proof-of-concept was implemented, and the execution time was measured to demonstrate the practicality and efficiency of the approach.
Gabriel Augusto Leite, Filipe Arruda, Pedro Antonino, Augusto Sampaio · 5 authors
No abstract is available for this record.
Jing Li, Shengyu Tang
No abstract is available for this record.
Lin Chen, Jiaming Zhu, Yuting Xu, Huanqin Zheng · 5 authors
In the information age, electronic documents (e-documents) have become a popular alternative to paper documents due to their lower costs, higher dissemination rates, and ease of knowledge sharing. However, digital copyright infringements occur frequently due to the ease of copying, which not only infringes on the rights of creators but also weakens their creative enthusiasm. Therefore, it is crucial to establish an e-document sharing system that enforces copyright protection. However, the existing centralized system has outstanding vulnerabilities, and the plagiarism detection algorithm used cannot fully detect the context, semantics, style, and other factors of the text. Digital watermark technology is only used as a means of infringement tracing. This paper proposes a decentralized framework for e-document sharing based on decentralized autonomous organization (DAO) and non-fungible token (NFT) in blockchain. The use of blockchain as a distributed credit base resolves the vulnerabilities inherent in traditional centralized systems. The e-document evaluation and plagiarism detection mechanisms based on the DAO model effectively address challenges in comprehensive text information checks, thereby promoting the enhancement of e-document quality. The mechanism for protecting and circulating e-document copyrights using NFT technology ensures effective safeguarding of users’ e-document copyrights and facilitates e-document sharing. Moreover, recognizing the security issues within the DAO governance mechanism, we introduce an innovative optimization solution. Through experimentation, we validate the enhanced security of the optimized governance mechanism, reducing manipulation risks by up to 51%. Additionally, by utilizing evolutionary game analysis to deduce the equilibrium strategies of the framework, we discovered that adjusting the reward and penalty parameters of the incentive mechanism motivates creators to generate superior quality and unique e-documents, while evaluators are more likely to engage in assessments.
Ansh Pethani, M. K. Nallakaruppan
No abstract is available for this record.
Samuel Hempel, Gregory Phelan, Thomas Ruchti
As blockchains shift from energy-hungry Proof-of-Work to capital-intensive Proof-of-Stake, they trade electricity costs for a new vulnerability: the risk of a capital run that can destabilize consensus and security. We model investors who choose between staking their coin to earn rewards or exiting to cash out, potentially triggering mass withdrawals. These "staking runs" are more likely when protocols are weak, when failure would hit coin prices hard, or when staking rewards are low. Leverage worsens things: margin calls accelerate exits and amplify run dynamics. Longer lock-up periods slow the run but may not prevent it. Previous research shows that low rewards are good for protocol security. We show they also raise the risk of a run. A run on a major Proof-of-Stake chain---like Ethereum---could destabilize the entire crypto ecosystem, threatening DeFi platforms that depend on it.
Jie Dong, Naipeng Dong, Guangdong Bai
No abstract is available for this record.
Cristian Nicolae Buţincu, Adrian Alexandrescu
The increased digitalization of society raises concerns regarding data protection and user privacy, and criticism on how the companies handle user data without being transparent and without providing adequate mechanisms for users to control how their own data is being processed or shared. To address this problem and open the way for a secure and efficient society, where the privacy of citizens is paramount, the identity concept and proof of identity mechanisms need to be redesigned from the ground up. In this paper we discuss how the emerging Web3 technologies like distributed ledger technology (DLT), blockchain, smart contracts, decentralized storage systems, and crypto wallets can be leveraged to design and implement a decentralized digital identity system based on decentralized identifiers (DID) and self-sovereign identities (SSI). Such a system puts the users in full control over their own data while also providing a solid backbone for building interoperable systems that are secure, scalable, and efficient. We propose different architectures for the decentralized identity infrastructure and storage layer, and also discuss the mapping of these architectures on cloud platforms. The main goal is to provide an architectural blueprint for a scalable, secure, privacy-preserving and trusted system.
Hui Gong
Here, we embark on a comparative analysis of token definitions as articulated by leading financial regulatory bodies across the globe. The chosen regulators represent the financial epicentres of the modern world – entities that not only influence global financial trends but also signal the regulatory future of burgeoning technologies. This section underscores the importance of understanding token definitions, given their critical role in determining the scope of regulation, compliance requirements and the overarching legal treatment of digital assets.
Nabilah Putri Kirana
Advances in information technology have driven economic globalization. The interests protected by such are no longer only its products but also its intellectual property rights. One form of utilizing digital technology and the internet in the economic field for two-dimensional artworks is through Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs). NFT is a form of digital asset in the field of art, where usually transactions that occur are carried out on a special platform. This article examines the protection of the creator's exclusive rights from the tokenization of his work by other parties as well as the responsibilities of the NFT Marketplace. Normative analytical and juridical descriptive research methods are used for legal norms in copyright law related to the exclusive rights of creators and marketplace responsibilities for the commercialization of copyrighted works as NFTs based on these principles and theories.How to cite item: Kirana, Nabilah Putri, “Legal Protection of NFT Digital Objects by NFT Marketplace Based on Comparison with Domain Names†Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum 14 no. 3 (2023): 312-321. DOI: 10.26905/idjch.v14i3.11255.
P. Maya, P. Abdul Salam
Smart contracts running on blockchain enable the decentralization of electricity markets by peer-to-peer electricity trading without the involvement of an intermediary. Unlike other technologies, blockchain transactions are associated with costs for their deployment and execution. In this context, consumers and prosumers face new types of risks emerging from blockchain transaction costs leading to a denial of service or unfulfillment of functionalities. Risk analysis and management are essential for the sustainable adaption of the technology in the domain of P2P electricity markets. In this article, risk analysis due to blockchain transaction costs for a smart contract for P2P trading is presented with future directions of research for risk mitigation. Smart contract written in Solidity language running on Sepolia test net of Ethereum public blockchain is used for demonstration.
Chenhao Zhang, Jiameng Cheng, Hongwei Zhang, Jinsong Wang · 5 authors
Within the context of the Industrial Internet, data has emerged as an increasingly critical asset in the domains of enterprise production, operation, and management, thereby solidifying its role as a pivotal determinant of competitive advantage for corporate entities. Nonetheless, the intrinsic characteristics of Industrial Internet data, characterized by its diverse origins, substantial volumes, and intricate privacy considerations, have given rise to issues surrounding the unambiguous establishment of data rights and inadvertent disclosure of sensitive information throughout the processes of data propagation and value transmission. To address these multifaceted challenges, this paper introduces a systematic framework for data rights verification, one that incorporates the utilization of Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) equipped with a secure locking mechanism in conjunction with adaptive federated learning. This proposed framework bifurcates the data rights verification process into two distinctive phases: data ownership verification and validation of data usage rights. Through the meticulous implementation of smart contracts and the adept utilization of the locking mechanism inherent within NFTs, the framework effectively dissects the intricacies of data rights, thereby ensuring contemporaneousness in data utilization and enabling controlled access. Furthermore, in the phase dedicated to the validation of data usage rights, we introduce an approach firmly rooted in the principles of adaptive federated learning. Leveraging the FedMGDA+ algorithm for distributed storage and computation, this approach successfully validates data usage rights. Empirical findings substantiate the significant advantages encapsulated within this framework, particularly in the domains of data and identity security. Notably, this framework maintains robust precision and scalability throughout the process of data rights verification for distributed model training, thereby exhibiting commendable performance in this intricate domain.
Mikhail Cherdakov, Aleksey Kudashkin, Yash Madhwal, Yury Yanovich
The music industry faces numerous challenges regarding tracking and distributing royalties. This article explores how a decentralized and transparent system for managing music royalties can be created with a smart contract implementation on the Polygon network, utilizing Chainlink oracles. By enhancing the efficiency and transparency of royalty distribution, this groundbreaking smart contract has the potential to revolutionize the music industry and stand as a blueprint for diverse sectors grappling with analogous challenges in intellectual property rights and revenue allocation. At its core, this smart contract, functioning on the bedrock of blockchain, ensures meticulous oversight of financial transactions between consumers and content creators. It streamlines the process and facilitates the collection of user view statistics crucial for strategic fund allocation. With the potential impact of transaction fees on the user experience of blockchain payments, a new solution has been developed that includes a payment channel that reserves significant amounts of funds and enables off-chain payments through specialized messages. By combining these technological advancements, we are taking a transformative step towards a more seamless and fair future in the complex world of royalty management. The application is structured into conventional backend and frontend segments, with the code available on Github.
Jiashuo Zhang, Jiachi Chen, Zhiyuan Wan, Ting Chen · 6 authors
To empower smart contracts with the promising capabilities of cryptography, Ethereum officially introduced a set of cryptographic APIs that facilitate basic cryptographic operations within smart contracts, such as elliptic curve operations. However, since developers are not necessarily cryptography experts, requiring them to directly interact with these basic APIs has caused real-world security issues and potential usability challenges. To guide future research and solutions to these challenges, we conduct the first empirical study on Ethereum cryptographic practices. Through the analysis of 91,484,856 Ethereum transactions, 500 crypto-related contracts, and 483 StackExchange posts, we provide the first in-depth look at cryptographic tasks developers need to accomplish and identify five categories of obstacles they encounter. Furthermore, we conduct an online survey with 78 smart contract practitioners to explore their perspectives on these obstacles and elicit the underlying reasons. We find that more than half of practitioners face more challenges in cryptographic tasks compared to general business logic in smart contracts. Their feedback highlights the gap between low-level cryptographic APIs and high-level tasks they need to accomplish, emphasizing the need for improved cryptographic APIs, task-based templates, and effective assistance tools. Based on these findings, we provide practical implications for further improvements and outline future research directions.