Blockchain Papers

Harley Pacheco de Sousa

No abstract is available for this record.

Centro Tecnolóxico de Telecomunicacións de Galicia

Este trabajo presenta una evaluación comparativa del rendimiento de tres tecnologías Zero Knowledge Proof (BBS, Longfellow, Crescent Credentials) integradas en la cartera digital NovaWallet. Se analizan métricas de tiempo de generación/verificación de pruebas y eficiencia de espacio en escenarios reales de demostraci´on selectiva de atributos. Los resultadosmuestran [incluir 1-2 hallazgos clave cuando se tengan los datos].

B. Harini, R. Mythili

This case study examines the transformative impact of Decentralized Finance (DeFi) on India’s traditional banking sector through a multi-stakeholder perspective. Drawing on both quantitative performance indicators and qualitative stakeholder insights, the study explores how DeFi influences operational efficiency, financial inclusion, and regulatory compliance. The findings indicate that while DeFi enhances transaction efficiency and expands access to credit, its integration into India’s financial ecosystem is constrained by regulatory ambiguity, cybersecurity concerns, and infrastructural disparities. The case highlights the need for a hybrid financial architecture supported by collaborative governance and adaptive regulatory frameworks.

Julian Vásquez, Carlos Marin, Paulo Alonso Gaona-García

At present there are many intermediaries for the acquisition of tourist plans, which in some situations represent a risk, because they promise great offers and when the client is going to enjoy what they have acquired, they get unwanted surprises. For this reason, the platform described in this work for the reservation of tourist plans allows companies to offer different activities so that travelers can put together their vacation packages, considering that each of the parties will ensure compliance with the service, using smart contracts and blockchain technology.

Б Лодойсамбуу

Товч агуулга. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд цахим технологи, мэдээллийн салбар үсрэнгүй хөгжихийн хэрээр уламжлалт хөрөнгийн ойлголт хийгээд түүний харилцаа харьцангуй хоцрогдох байдал бий болсоор байна. Хүмүүс бэлэн мөнгөний хэрэглээгээ багасгаж өдөр тутмын худалдан авах үйл ажиллагаандаа өөрийн харилцах банкны картаар аль эсвэл цахим банкаар дамжуулан төлбөр тооцоо хийх бүр цаашлаад зарим тохиолдолд өөр бусад хэлбэрийн дижитал хөрөнгүүдээр худалдан авалт хийх боломжтой болжээ. Дижитал хөрөнгө гэх ойлголт нь технологийн тусламжтайгаар дижитал орчинд худалдан авч, хадгалж, шилжүүлж, арилжаалж болох мөнгө түүгээр орлогдох үнэ цэнийг агуулж буй хэрэглээний ойлголт юм. Цахим технологийн хөгжлийг дагаж сүүлийн жилүүдэд криптовалют буюу виртуал хөрөнгөтэй холбоотой блокчейн технологид суурилсан coin[1], token[2], nft[3] зэрэг санхүүгийн бүтээгдэхүүнүүд болон санхүүгийн технологийн үйл ажиллагаатай холбоотой дижитал орчинд үнэ цэнэ бүхий хөрөнгүүд шинээр бий болсоор байна. [1] Койн гэж өөрийн гэсэн блокчейн сүлжээнд суурилсан блок схемүүдээр өөрийн мэдээллийг хадгалдаг, сүүлийн үеийн санхүүгийн бүтээгдхүүн юм. [2] Токен гэж аливаа блокчейн технологид суурилж өөрийн мэдээллийг агуулж цахим хөрөнгөд хамаарах хэрэглээний обьект юм. [3] NFT- Non Fungible token гэдэг нь блокчейн дээр суурилсан дахин орлогдошгүй үнэ цэнийг агуулж буй бүтээгдхүүн юм. Сүүлийн жилүүдэд хүмүүс өөрийн бүтээлийг NFT болгон виртуал орчинд худалдах болсон ба Их, дээд сургуулиуд оюутны мэдээлэл болон дифломыг NFT болгох болсон.

Valdés Moreno, Pedro

Este trabajo de Fin de Grado pretende abordar los desafíos y oportunidades relacionados con la privacidad y el anonimato en la adopción de Monedas Digitales de banco Central (CBDC), con un enfoque particular en el Euro Digital (Moneda Digital propuesta por el Banco Central Europeo (BCE)). Las CBDC representan una innovación disruptiva en el sistema financiero tal y como lo conocemos, ofreciendo una visión alternativa al efectivo tradicional, teniendo un impacto considerable en la privacidad de los usuarios, la transparencia financiera y el marco regulatorio vigente. En el contexto del creciente interés global en las CBDC, el Banco Central Europeo busca equilibrar la protección de datos personales y la transparencia financiera en un sistema que pueda transformar la dinámica del sistema financiero europeo. El objetivo de este trabajo es analizar como las CBDC pueden ser diseñadas e implementadas para maximizar los beneficios, tratando de mitigar los riesgos asociados a la privacidad y transparencia financiera. Los objetivos específicos incluyen: 1. Examinar el concepto y evolución de las CBDC. 2. Identificar desafíos y oportunidades relacionadas con la privacidad y el anonimato. 3. Analizar el marco regulatorio europeo aplicable al Euro Digital. 4. Comparar diseños alternativos de CBDC con énfasis en privacidad. 5. Proponer recomendaciones que equilibren privacidad y transparencia. 6. Explorar y analizar casos de uso alternativos que preserven el anonimato en las operaciones. En este trabajo se lleva a cabo un análisis exhaustivo del impacto de las CBDC en la privacidad de los usuarios, teniendo en cuenta diferentes factores como la tecnología empleada, las políticas regulatorias y las expectativas sociales. Se hace especial énfasis en el desafío de proteger los datos personales de los usuarios en un entorno digital que exige constantemente un alto grado de trazabilidad y cumplimiento normativo. También se explora cómo otras jurisdicciones han abordado estos retos, analizando casos concretos como el yuan digital en China o proyectos piloto en países nórdicos, con el objetivo de identificar lecciones aprendidas y diferentes estrategias aplicables al marco europeo. Además, se investiga acerca de innovaciones tecnológicas como los sistemas de privacidad de conocimiento cero (zero-knowledge proofs) y su utilidad para proteger la identidad el usuario sin comprometer la transparencia. Finalmente se proponen una serie de recomendaciones para el diseño e implantación del Euro Digital, priorizando un equilibrio entre privacidad y transparencia, sugiriendo la creación de un marco regulatorio flexible que permita realizar adaptaciones conforme se desarrollen este tipo de tecnologías y evolucionen las necesidades económicas y sociales. El trabajo concluye que el diseño e implementación del Euro Digital representan una oportunidad clave para modernizar el sistema financiero europeo, equilibrando innovación y respeto por los derechos fundamentales. Si bien las CBDC ofrecen beneficios como eficiencia y trazabilidad, también plantean desafíos significativos en términos de privacidad y anonimato. Este trabajo resalta la necesidad de adoptar un modelo equilibrado que, mediante tecnologías avanzadas y marcos normativos adecuados, proteja la privacidad de los usuarios sin tener que comprometer la transparencia necesaria para la seguridad financiera. Utilizando este enfoque se puede fortalecer la confianza del usuario en el Euro Digital y así consolidar su papel como un referente en el ámbito de las monedas digitales a nivel mundial. ABSTRACT This Final Degree Project aims to address the challenges and opportunities related to privacy and anonymity in the adoption of Central Bank Digital Currencies (CBDCs), with a particular focus on the Digital Euro (the digital currency proposed by the European Central Bank, ECB). CBDCs represent a disruptive innovation in the financial system as we know it, offering an alternative vision to traditional cash and having a considerable impact on user privacy, financial transparency, and the existing regulatory framework. In the context of growing global interest in CBDCs, the European Central Bank seeks to balance personal data protection and financial transparency within a system capable of transforming the dynamics of the European financial system. The objective of this study is to analyze how CBDCs can be designed and implemented to maximize their benefits while mitigating risks associated with privacy and financial transparency. The specific objectives include: 1. Examining the concept and evolution of CBDCs. 2. Identifying challenges and opportunities related to privacy and anonymity. 3. Analyzing the European regulatory framework applicable to the Digital Euro. 4. Comparing alternative CBDC designs with an emphasis on privacy. 5. Proposing recommendations to balance privacy and transparency. 6. Exploring and analyzing alternative use cases that preserve transaction anonymity. This study conducts a thorough analysis of the impact of CBDCs on user privacy, considering various factors such as the technology employed, regulatory policies, and social expectations. Special emphasis is placed on the challenge of protecting user data in a digital environment that constantly demands high levels of traceability and regulatory compliance. The study also explores how other jurisdictions have addressed these challenges, analyzing specific cases such as the digital yuan in China and pilot projects in Nordic countries, with the aim of identifying lessons learned and different strategies applicable to the European framework. Additionally, it investigates technological innovations such as zero-knowledge proof systems and their utility in protecting user identity without compromising transparency. Finally, a series of recommendations are proposed for the design and implementation of the Digital Euro, prioritizing a balance between privacy and transparency. These include the creation of a flexible regulatory framework that allows for adaptations as these technologies develop and as economic and social needs evolve. The study concludes that the design and implementation of the Digital Euro represent a key opportunity to modernize the European financial system by balancing innovation and respect for fundamental rights. While CBDCs offer benefits such as efficiency and traceability, they also pose significant challenges in terms of privacy and anonymity. This work highlights the need to adopt a balanced model that, through advanced technologies and appropriate regulatory frameworks, protects user privacy without compromising the transparency necessary for financial security. By following this approach, user trust in the Digital Euro can be strengthened, consolidating its role as a global reference in the field of digital currencies.

Emanuelle Alejandro Moreno Quintero

El mercado de criptomonedas está experimentando un rápido crecimiento, lo que lo convierte en una alternativa potencialmente más lucrativa que los mercados financieros convencionales. No obstante, esta expansión va de la mano con una significativa volatilidad, presentando así un desafío crucial. En el contexto de esta tesis de maestría, se desarrollaron modelos de predicción de series temporales para el precio de cierre de Bitcoin mediante el uso de algoritmos de aprendizaje profundo, tales como LSTM y GRU. Además, se llevó a cabo una comparación con modelos tradicionales como ARIMA, con el propósito de analizar y evaluar su rendimiento.

Bibhu Dash, Meraj Farheen Ansari, Pawankumar Sharma, Swati Swayam siddha

India is significantly diverse in culture and how it promotes business transactions. Though we are very acquainted with cash, cards, and online mode of payment, the Indian rural economy still believes in the barter system. At this juncture, India is evolving as a tech power house, and its economy is thriving to embrace cryptocurrency as a medium of exchange. After the Indian finance minister declared the same last February that India is working towards building its legal tender called Central Bank-backed Digital Currency (CBDC), this paper is making an impact in explaining our strengths, weakness, market readiness, and necessity to adopt a digital rupee when India's economy is highly regarded as a cashoriented economy. Is our country ready to accept the new technological shift in smart banking in the form of a digital rupee? The paper highlights the socioeconomic and technical challenges our planners need to understand before changing the Central banks' monetary policies. The deployment of fifth-generation (5G) cellular network technology has sparked renewed interest in the potential of blockchain to automate different cellular network use cases. 5G is projected to open up new market prospects for small and large businesses. The article highlights the unique instrument of the digital rupee to enhance peer-to-peer transactions with the evolution of 5G mobile technology.

Andrade-Sánchez, Christian Marcelo

Nota: Currently, the implementation of smart contracts is growing at impressive speeds, the
\nnew blockchain technology and the proven accuracy of the data it offers means that more and
\nmore private and public institutions adhere to this type of technology with the aim of take
\nadvantage of all the benefits they offer.
\nA specific problem that we face at the moment is the price variation in terms of the value of the
\ncryptocurrencies used in the Smart Contracts, the so-called volatility, which directly affects the
\nrate of adoption of the user who is accustomed to agree a value and receive the same agreed
\nvalue, when cryptocurrencies are used to deploy intelligent contracts, the resulting values to
\ncomply with them, is usually a different value from the agreed one.
\nTo solve this problem, we propose the creation of a Token fixed to the anchored value of a
\nstable currency, such as Dollar USD, Euro EUR, GBP Pound Sterling, etc., in this work a token
\nwill be created with parity 1: 1 With the value of the dollar and how the network used for
\ndevelopment is Ethereum, it has been named Ethereum-USA, USA, because it is the place
\nwhere the American Dollar was originally used, and its symbol will be "E-USA”.
\nThe Tokens have been created through intelligent contracts through Solidity and the TestNet
\nRopsten test network has been used.
\nThe present work presents a particular and novel tonic that justifies its creation, using the
\nvarious cryptographic techniques that maintain the security of the network, the intelligent
\ncontract that creates and uses the Tokens valued at $ 1 usd for the payment of services and
\nsuppliers for the value of salaries quoted in Ecuador on the date of implementation. The same
\nthat will be paid each end of the month. And for security and veracity, its support in the
\nblockchain.

Lucía Amorós Poveda

espanolLos conceptos de cadenas de bloques (blockchains) y contratos inteligentes (smart contracts) ofrecen una alternativa sostenible en educacion superior. Desde este objetivo, se presenta una revision de ambos conceptos y su relacion con los terminos bitcoin, ledger, edublock y educoin. En un segundo momento, se atiende a las redes en educacion superior basadas en tecnologia de cadenas de bloques, su vinculo con los contratos inteligentes y las posibilidades a dia de hoy. catalaEls conceptes de cadenes de blocs (blockchains) i contractes intel·ligents (smart contracts) ofereixen una alternativa sostenible en educacio superior. Des d’aquest objectiu, es presenta una revisio d’ambdos conceptes i la seva relacio amb els termes bitcoin, ledger, edublock i educoin. En un segon moment, s’aten a les xarxes en educacio superior basades en tecnologia de cadenes de blocs, el seu vincle amb els contractes intel·ligents i les possibilitats a dia d’avui. EnglishThe concepts of blockchains and smart contracts at the university offer a sustainable alternative. From this aim, in a first moment, it presents a review of concepts and their connection with the terms bitcoin, ledger, edublock and educoin as well. In a second moment, it shows the social networks based on the technology of blockchains and nowadays how are they linked on the subject of smart contracts and possibilities.