Mobashar Mubarik, Raja Zuraidah binti Raja Mohd Rasi, Muhammad Faraz Mubarak
The study aims to identify the role of the blockchain-based supply chain in supply chain integration. The study also aims to investigate the role of various factors that possibly mediate the relationship between blockchain-based supply chain management and supply chain integration. The study adopted a twofold mixed-method approach—sequential explanatory— to attain the objectives. In the first phase, data were collected from Malaysian electrical and electronic firms, and by applying PLS-SEM, hypothesized relationships were examined. In the second phase, through a qualitative study, the results of the first phase are discussed with the industry experts to seek their expert opinion. In doing so, the semi-structured interview from seven experts, selected through purposive sampling, were conducted. The findings of both inquiries reveal that blockchain technology has significant potential to enhance the integration between numerous actors in multi-level supply chains while ensuring the transparency and traceability in the transactions. Moreover, the findings reveal that certain pre-requisites are missing at the moment in the Malaysian manufacturing sector, which are inevitable to be met, before implementing the block-chain based supply chain. Sophisticated infrastructure which could suffice the blockchain-based technologies implementation in supply chains and the absorptive capacity is prominent amongst them. Consequently, it is recommended that appropriate training should be given to employees in order to cater to the requirement of the technical skills needed to handle such advanced technology. Further, continuous infrastructural investments should be made to implement blockchain-based technology in the business ecosystem of Malaysia at the government level.
In cognitive wireless networks, multi-node cooperative spectrum sensing can effectively improve the accuracy of spectrum sensing, but there is a non-linear relationship between the number of nodes and sensing accuracy. Nodes with low reliability participate in cooperative sensing, which is not conducive to the improvement of sensing accuracy, and reduces the energy efficiency of spectrum sensing, which poses challenges to the normal operation of cognitive wireless networks. In order to improve energy efficiency and sensing performance, this paper proposes the node evaluation and scheduling (NES) algorithm and the Secure Spectrum Sensing based on Blockchain (SSSB) algorithm, which can evaluate the reliability of sensing nodes in real time, and obtain the trust value of the node. The nodes information is stored in the management center of blockchain. Blockchain encrypts nodes information to ensure that a node corresponds to its own trust value without confusion. Fusion Center of cognitive wireless networks select good performance nodes to participate in cooperative spectrum sensing. Which can reduce energy consumption while improving the sensing performance. The simulation experiment results show that the new algorithm in this paper is far superior to the traditional algorithm. Under the same other conditions, the detection probability is increased by 5%, and the energy consumption is reduced by 10%, and the safety index has also been greatly improved.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to developing model for Organization Structure and Firm Performance
relationship mediated by impacting factors i.e., Organization Culture, Strategic Orientation, Environmental
Uncertainty and Technology usage in service sector in India.
Design/methodology/approach:The proposed test size for the research is 750 out of which 600 respondents are
found usable. The population universe is huge and spread across different region of India in the various public and
private service sector clusters. The sample nature is heterogeneous in the sense that the various managerial positions
of the respondents belong to different departments like Finance, Human Resource, Advertising, and Operation
management.
Finding:Thus, model so developed attempts to build a theory on understanding mediation effect of culture,
technology, environment and strategy prevailing in service sector i.e., banks, insurance and IT companies to know
how organization structure influence firm performance.
Originality/Value: It is found that impact of formalization, centralization and decentralization constructs of
organization structure with the four mediators have a stronger impact on firm performance. It also stated to emphasis
less on specialization of duties, responsibilities and authority towards employee in an organization for increasing the
performance.
Open access
Organizational Leadership and Management Strategies
The revolution of the Internet of Things (IoT) is transforming many concepts, making them “Smart”. It has revolutionized many areas of real life. Smart City is one of the key concepts of this revolution. Although cities are being digitally transformed, it still has obstacles along the way. In this paper, we have analyzed different publications for our Systematic Literature Review (SLR). This study highlights the areas where the blockchain is used and determines the benefits of using blockchain. The main contribution is to explore and identify the barriers and hurdles in Smart City Domain and how these hurdles are mitigated by the blockchain technology. This Systematic Study also addresses different challenges and issues such as security, immutability, interoperability, decentralization, privacy, and trust in the development of Smart Cities. An overview of the systematic research is also presented that would help identify the most and least studied concerns addressed in this study. This paper aims at analyzing how blockchain technology is used in different smart city business models, what are the features of blockchain that could consider it to be used beyond crypto currencies. We hope that this study can inspire interest in theory and exercise to stand-in discussions in this area adhere to these limits.
Georgios Kapnissis, Eleni-Ekaterini Leligou, Georgios K. Vaggelas
In the shipping industry, significant part of the documents exchange still have the traditional paper form, mainly due to security concerns, despite the size and modernization efforts of this market. We explore the adoption of the blockchain and Distributed Ledger Technologies to address document exchange in a fast and secure way.
Groundbreaking, amalgamation of digital supply chain and blockchain is increasing day by day
as it helps to reach the needs of the consumers and also track the services effectively, which helps in providing
viewable supply chain management. This paper focuses on the essential availabilities of block chain application.
A modest attempt is made to examine the previous study and the previews and opinions of the experts, studies
undertaken earlier. This study intent is to begin with introducing of Blockchain, how blockchain work,
blockchain as a decentralized database, blockchain a driving force, blockchain empowering a better customers
experience and finally the blockchain benefits. The current research study is trying to look over the various
attributes of the blockchain. Therefore, full attention is given to identify how blockchain can be useful. Based on
all these evaluations, this study tries to identify the uses of blockchain as a decentralized autonomous
organization (DAO).
Due to the increasing complexity of supply chains over the past years, many factors significantly contribute to lowering the supply chains performance. Poor visibility is one of the major challenging factors that lowers supply chains performance. This paper proposes a Blockchain-based supply chain network model to improve the supply chain visibility. The model focuses in improving the visibility measurements properties: information sharing, traceability, and inventory visibility. The proposed model consists of information sharing, traceability, and inventory visibility platforms based on Blockchain technology smart contract. The model built with Hyperledger platform and extend the Hyperledger Composer Supply Chain Network (HCSC) model. The research is designed to three main phases. First phase: the preliminary phase which is the literature review phase to identify the existing challenges in the domain. The second phase: the design and implementation phase which is the development steps of the proposed research model. The third phase: the evaluation phase which represent the performance evaluation of the proposed model and the comparisons between the proposed model and the existing models. In the evaluation performance, the common performance metrics Lead time and average inventory levels will be compared in the proposed model, Cloud-based information system, and the traditional supply chain. These proposed platforms offer an end-to-end visibility of products, orders, and stock levels for supply chain practitioners and customers within supply chain networks. Which helps managers’ access key information that support critical business decisions and offers essential criteria for competitiveness and therefore, enhance supply chain performance.
A supply chain consists of many stakeholders such as suppliers, carriers and customers. It is often complex due to the rapid development of economic globalization and the intense competition pressure in the market which resulted in information sharing within a supply chain to be fragmented. Blockchain technology can solve this problem by having only a “one trusted ledger” that could reshape the element of data trust. The goal of this paper is to identify and understand the impact of blockchain technology for information sharing within a supply chain. The decentralized nature of blockchain technology offers a high level of transparency and has gained the attention from various sectors to deploy this technology. A systematic literature review in the academic literature was conducted using different databases. Blockchain-enabled information sharing can add value to enhance collaborative work in different types of supply chains such as health and medical, construction and smart city. From our findings, one potential impact of deploying blockchain-enabled information sharing within a supply chain is that it ensures all members in the chain can obtain verified information which enhances collaborative partnerships. Through this in-depth research, we highlighted potential barriers that could impede the development of blockchain technology in supply chain such as the lack of understanding of blockchain technology in businesses and conflict of interests. Future work such as information hiding, in parallel with information sharing, could close the gap in deploying this technology within a supply chain. Understanding the nature of different supply chain is also important to better prepare the deployment of blockchain. We acknowledge that our approach in selecting literatures in our systematic review may exclude certain literatures. Nonetheless, we tried to include as many relevant literatures as possible, to develop a roadmap on the current situation of blockchain-enabled information sharing within a supply chain.
Mohammad Zarour, Md Tarique Jamal Ansari, Mamdouh Alenezi, Amal Krishna Sarkar · 8 authors
Blockchain technology is among the most significant developments and revolutionary innovations of the Information Technology industry. It corners a crucial space in the present digital era and has already made significant differences in human life. Moreover, it is anticipated that the Blockchain technology will improvise the existing IT facilities in the next several years in many domains. Recent technological developments are allowing for a major advancement in Healthcare sectors. Information security and accessibility are critical considerations for the integration and communication with Electronic Healthcare Record (EHR) systems when sharing private medical information. In this context, selecting the most effective blockchain model for secure and trustworthy EHRs in the healthcare sector requires an accurate mechanism for evaluating the impact of different available blockchain models for its features. The present study uses a scientifically proven approach for evaluating the impact of blockchain technology and provides a novel idea and path to the future researchers. This research analysis garnered the feedback of 56 domain experts in the healthcare management for assessing the impact of different blockchain models. To eliminate the ambiguities that arose due to multiple opinions of these experts and for the externalization and organization of information about the selection context of the blockchain model, the study used a decision model. Fuzzy Analytic Analytical Network Process (F-ANP) method was used to calculate the weights of the criteria as well as the Fuzzy-Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) technique was used to evaluate the effect of alternative solutions. Further, the results obtained through this empirical investigation will be an instrumental reference for choosing the most appropriate Blockchain model for maintaining breach-free EHRs.
Purpose: The paper aims to review the academic research work done in the area of Islamic financial technology. The Islamic FinTech area has been classified into three broad categories of the Islamic FinTech, Islamic Financial technology opportunities and challenges, Cryptocurrency/Blockchain sharia compliance and law/regulation. Finally, the study identifies and highlights the opportunities and challenges that Islamic Financial institutions can learn from the conventional FinTech organization across the world. Approach/Methodology/Design: The study collected 133 research studies (50 from Social Science Research Network (SSRN), 30 from Research gate, 33 from Google Scholar and 20 from other sources) in the area of Islamic Financial Technology. The study presents the systematic review of the above studies. Findings: The study classifies the Islamic FinTech into three broad categories namely, Islamic FinTech opportunities and challenges, Cryptocurrency/Blockchain sharia compliance and law/regulation. The study identifies that the sharia compliance related to the cryptocurrency/Blockchain is the biggest challenge which Islamic FinTech organizations are facing. During our review we also find that Islamic FinTech organizations are to be considered as partners by the Islamic Financial Institutions (IFI’s) than the competitors. If Islamic Financial institutions want to increase efficiency, transparency and customer satisfaction they have to adopt FinTech and become partners with the FinTech companies. Practical Implications: The study will contribute positively to the understanding of Islamic Fintech for the academia, industry, regulators, investors and other FinTech users. Originality/Value: The study believes to contribute positively to understanding of Fintech based technology like cryptocurrency/Blockchain from sharia perspective.
Marija Jović, Marko Filipović, Edvard Tijan, Mladen Jardas
This article presents a comprehensive review of the current and rising trends of blockchain technology usage in shipping industry. The definition and features of blockchain technology are provided, as well as the potential usage of blockchain technology in various areas (financial services, Internet of Things, medicine, government, etc.), in order to better understand its complexity and application. Furthermore, the major challenges of blockchain technology are shown, and the most prominent examples of blockchain applications in shipping industry are provided. The application and advantages of blockchain technology in seaports are demonstrated through several examples.
Ioannis Antoniadis, Stamatis Kontsas, Konstantinos Spinthiropoulos
Blockchain is gaining ground on academic research and business applications as it is believed to have the potential to change business models in numerous sectors of the economy. Blockchain applications characteristics (security, immutability of record keeping, efficiency, and disintermediation) provide solutions to a number of issues firms and organizations face. Until now, most of the research until now deals with its financial applications and cryptocurrencies. There is however, an important field for developing blockchain application in marketing and most specifically in brand loyalty programs. In this paper, we are going to review some of the applications of blockchain in marketing and marketing management, and the ways it could enhance brand loyalty and brand loyalty programs run by firms and brands. The main findings of our paper is that blockchain could help brand loyalty by building trust between the brand and consumers, by simplifying and reducing the cost of administering brand loyalty programs, and by providing more ways for consumers to derive benefits from these programs through tokenization or cryptocurrencies. Finally, we are proposing issues that should be considered for further research on the topic. Keywords: Blockchain; Marketing; Brand; Loyalty Programs.
Pharmaceutical Industry Supply Chain Management (SCM) has been an invigorating research topic because the industry strives to explore innovative ways to secure the medicine distribution and to ensure the authenticity of medicine consumed by the patients. A surge in the counterfeit drug has called an urgent effort for the industry to eradicate. In this scope, the fake medicine harm serious health problem for patients. To cope with this urgency, Blockchain offers the new innovative technology that captures the security and accountability in the financial industry for decades. In this spectrum, the new generation of blockchain with smart contract feature enables the utilization of blockchain in an enterprise setting such as Supply Chain Management Systems. In this point, this study explored contemporary for benefit and challenge blockchain adoption based on Systematic Literature Review methodology. At a closer look, the research indicates the impact of the Blockchain Adoption Technology in Pharmaceutical Industry SCM in for four aspects, i.e. supplier, producer, logistic/distributor, and customer. In a specific range, this research explores significant factors from ten leading journals (one thousand two hundred and fourteen papers) and selects solely eighteen relevant documents. The examination reveals the critical research development of blockchain technology adoption in Pharmaceutical SCM and twenty-three essential factors.
Assistant Professor, SLRTCE Mumbai (Maharashtra), India., Neha Jain
Data security is the key to the development of modern internet technology. By allowing digital information to be distributed but not copied, blockchain technology created the backbone of a new type of internet. It allows storage of all transactions into immutable records and every record distributed across many participant’s nodes. As there is huge increase in the use cases for blockchain technology, nowadays, the primary issue is to enable secure data sharing, data integrity and authentication. The goal of this study paper is to provide a systematic literature survey exploring the use of blockchain as a base technology for securing financial as well as non-financial applications. The purpose is to identify the whether blockchain technology is capable to provide the desired security solutions in various application. The advantages, challenges and the solution provided by previous research is discussed. The survey was focused on various security issues like Confidentiality, Integrity, Availability, Authenticity, Accountability, and Reliability. The study shows that the Blockchain technology is prospective for financial and non-financial services since it can provide solutions for majority of security issues. Future research needs to provide the implementations of desired solutions discussed in security challenges of Blockchain technology.
Blockchain technology is now considered a next generation information technology tool for sustainable growth in supply chain (SC) management. However, its study is relatively rare in the literature on SC collaboration and sustainability management research, despite its advantages in sustaining connectivity and reliability among SC partners. This study investigates how the use of blockchain in SC activities can influence (increase or decrease) SC partnership efficiency and growth, thereby affecting SC performance outcomes. Specifically, this study empirically validates a measurement and structural equation model with 306 SC experts from various industries. The findings show that the blockchain technology characteristics (information transparency, information immutability, and smart contracts) have significant positive effects on partnership growth and marginal effects on partnership efficiency. Though partnership growth has a positive effect on firm performance, partnership efficiency shows a negative effect.
The construction industry will continue to be a key driver of economic growth for any country. It is one of the biggest industries in the world which contributes heavily to the economic development of a country. However, the productivity and the effectiveness of the industry have often been called into a question. Therefore, a number of different modelling tools and software have introduced to upgrade the standards of the construction industry. This review seeks to identify how blockchain can address the project management perspectives of the construction industry with respect to the guidelines mentioned in the Project Management Body of Knowledge. Five major criterions namely purchase management, contract management, asset and inventory management, finance management and subcontractor management were selected for the analysis using the PMBOK guidelines. For that, literature review using articles in ScienceDirect which appeared the context "blockchain in construction", "blockchain and project management", "application of blockchain" were referred. It is identified that the blockchain technology can assist financial management without involving third parties, subcontractor management by linking derivable and payment schemes, contract administration by using smart contracts, inventory and asset management by tracking and tracing material movements and purchase management by linking key stakeholders in supply chains.
The main idea of the study was to determine the influence of the antecedents (trialability and compexity) on the existing constructs of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and to test measurement invariance on the relationship between the latent constructs used in this extended version of Technology Acceptance Model (ETAM). A survey questionnaire was administered on Cyptocurrency mobile applicantions users and a total of 41 responses were collected. The research model was assessed using SEM-PLS approach. The structural model was then tested in order to establish validity & reliabelity. The invariance test was first performed on the measurement model and then on the structural model using SmartPLS 3.0. The predictor variables in ETAM were able to explain 44,9% of the variance in actual usage of Cryptocurrency mobile applications.
The purposes of the study are threefold: (1) develop key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises based on Balanced Scorecard (BSC), (2) find out the correlation between the key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises, and (3) understand the perception of micro-enterprise blockchain and the difference between theoretical guidance and practical application. This study combines Interpretative Structural Modeling Method, (ISM) and Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL) to analyze the causal relationships and hierarchical structures of the 12 key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises and understand the correlation between factors. The 12 key successful factors developed based on the four perspectives of the Balanced Scorecard, and the questionnaire designs based on the concept of DEMATEL, and then analyzed data by DEMATEL and ISM methods to understand the correlation between key factors. The research results show that the key successful factors of blockchain platform for micro-enterprises include "brand equity", "security and anti-counterfeiting", "sales growth", "transparency and clear", "trust", "consensus mechanism", "traceability", "consistency", "tracking", "innovation management", "international", "organizational adaptation", in which consumer "trust" plays an important role. Micro-enterprises can use blockchain to expand the market, provide customers with better service quality, and bring sales growth to micro-enterprises.
Blockchain refers to a distributed ledger technology that represents an innovation in recording and sharing information without the need for a trusted third party. Blockchain technology offers new tools for security and privacy concerns. Marching towards digitization and analytics, this technology emerges as a promising solution for authentication and authorization issues. It sounds so amazing that this technology that originated with cryptocurrencies could not only be applied in digital contracts, financial and public records, and property ownership but also in medicine, education, science and so on. The use case of this technology springs up in every possible direction. This article first analyses the need for this breakthrough technology and explains how this technology works. This work presents a review on various types of blockchain, the consensus mechanisms used, their advantages and limitations. It provides an overview on the various use cases of this technology. This work mainly focuses on its application in Healthcare. The goal of this article is to analyze the usage of Blockchain technology in various fields of Healthcare such as Electronic Health Record, Health Insurance, Biomedical Research, Drug Supply, Medical Education, Remote Patient Monitoring, Interoperability, Location Sharing etc., It investigates the current research trends and finds the gaps and limitations of these approaches. Moreover, it proposes some enhancements to fill in the gaps in the present approach. This work also analyses the importance of Wearable Internet of Things (IoT) devices in HealthCare and the integration of these devices with Blockchain. Finally, this work concludes by comparing Blockchain 3.0 with previous versions.
Blockchain technology is emerging in every field. Blockchain is a constantly growing ledger that keeps a permanent record of all the transactions that have taken place in a distributed, decentralized and immutable way. Supply Chain Management is a broad range of activities that involve the management of the flow of goods and services, from the point of inception to the point of consumption. Blockchain technology can i) assure provenance tracking and traceability across the supply chain management ii) improves the quantity, quality and access to information at every step of the way across the chain iii) provides a more transparent way to provide data or information at a given instance of time. Blockchain technology can also be adapted in the supply chain management to overcome its disadvantages. The paper shows different case studies where the benefits of applying blockchain technology in supply chain management are appealing that has shown many benefits. It highlights the cases that have reduced fraud and errors; mitigate risks and provide data transparency and privacy, etc. The paper shows the creation of a general blockchain network and the information passing mechanism which is used to pass the information among the participants across the supply chain. With information passing mechanism we can provide data transparency to the consumers across the supply chain.
The technological changes in recent years have played a major role in changing the rules in business life. After technological innovations such as autonomous tools, the Internet of Things, and industry 4.0, the new issue that has emerged with crypto money today is Blockchain technology. A blockchain technology is a peer-to-peer digital ledger of transactions that may be publicly or privately distributed to all users and therefore is said to be decentralized and distributed. The most important feature that distinguishes block-chain-based technologies from other technologies is that it has a special algorithm without being connected to any center. Therefore, this technology makes a significant difference in supplying fast, secure and accurate information flow among supply chain members. Reducing the costs and time that arise in the supply chain, it provides significant advantages to enterprises such as the transparency of the operations performed. The purpose of this study is; to explain the block chain technology and to contribute to supply chain processes and stakeholders. In this context, the study is considered as literature review. The study is important in terms of contributing to the relevant literature in basic level.
Today, the Blockchain Technology has been widely explored and continuously revolutionising many sectors around the world, including construction industry. Construction industry need blockchain technology to improve the current limitation of centralised technology in its various project life-cycle. In this paper, we presented literature review, aimed to identify the potentials of Blockchain applications in construction industry. This paper also reviewed the unique features behind the blockchain technology which trigger its capabilities in construction industry. Paper further discussed the implications of the blockchain application if it were adopted in construction industry. In short, Blockchain technology is still relatively new in construction industry and further deep research is needed to develop real life on-hand application for construction industry in near future.