Maruf Farhan, Abdullah Hafez Nur, Rejwan Bin Sulaiman, Usman Butt · 5 authors
In light of the increasing prevalence of railway ticketing fraud, it is imperative to implement advanced technological solutions to guarantee the integrity and security of ticket transactions. The blockchain technology's decentralized, transparent, and immutable record-keeping method has the potential to address these problems. The utilization of blockchain technology in railway ticketing systems is being analyzed with the aim of enhancing the detection and prevention of fraudulent activities. Smart contracts ensure the security of each transaction by enabling quick verification and minimizing issues such as ticket duplication, illegal modifications, and counterfeit tickets. A blockchain system guarantees the genuineness and validity of tickets for passengers, railway personnel, and ticketing agencies. The report also explores the incorporation of blockchain technology into rail ticketing systems as an adaptable and robust remedy for fraud. Resolving challenges related to the deployment of scalability, data protection, and regulatory compliance. The study conducts a simulation and analysis of the blockchain-based system, revealing a substantial reduction in fraudulent activities. The findings of our study demonstrate that the system effectively eradicates ticket fraud, enhances operational efficiency, and is financially feasible with an adoption cost of $3.54. This enhances the efficiency and reliability of train ticketing.
Abstract Critical Infrastructures produce critical goods and services for society and cover a wide range of sectors according to the governance frameworks in place in the United States, in the European Union (EU) and in EU Member States including Romania. Aviation is a particular case for the critical transport infrastructure, with a high degree of technical complexity, economic productivity and complex supply and production chains. Blockchain or Distributed Ledger is an already famous digital emerging technology with the possibility of disintermediating numerous system processes, thereby reducing costs, increasing security and reducing risk in a world where cumbersome and expensive intermediaries are required for trust in all sorts of transactions. This article provides a brief overview of the critical air transport infrastructure and of the blockchain technology, traces the possible uses of blockchain in aviation, gives real world examples and concludes with recommendations for practitioners moving forward.
Climate change is a threat and crisis that hit the world today; one of them is causing drought, rising sea levels, melting polar ice, and heat waves; therefore, the target towards Net Zero Emission (NZE) in 2060 must be an obligation in all countries. Green Building (GB) is a building that meets Building Technical Standards, and has demonstrated demonstrable success in conserving resources such as water, energy, and other resources. The application of GB principles following the function and classification in every stage of their implementation is expected to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. This research aims to analyze the cost of improvement work based on GB assessment in applying the Technical Guidelines from Minister of Public Works and Public Housing (PUPR) No. 1 of 2022, which is the latest regulation in Indonesia. The blockchain-BIM method and the implementation of the GB component will be analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling-Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS) to find the most influential factors. The results of this study show that by applying Blockchain-BIM to overcome the cost constraints, it is proven to be able to increase the cost performance of GB in modern shopping center buildings by 3–3.8% in the Basic rating, while for other ratings, it is 0.5–2.1% higher, where the selection of a renewable energy model is very influential. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2023-09-10-09 Full Text: PDF
Aan Khunaifi, Fajaryan Wijananto, Karina Mayasita Handoyo, Muhammad Rafi Juliansyah · 10 authors
Blockchain is a digital ledger technology in which transactions are stored in a continuously growing list of blocks that cannot be changed and distributed without a centralized server. In recent years, the airport industry has become one of the industries that have implemented blockchain into its business processes. For this reason, we would like to review existing research on the implementation of blockchain in the airport industry to provide an overview of how far blockchain has developed in the industry and also to identify which business processes in the airport industry can be optimized by implementing Blockchain. The review results show that there are three business processes that take place in airports, namely baggage handling systems, cargo handling, and passenger management for aircraft. Blockchain Technology can also be combined with other supporting technology, such as IoT, Artificial Intelligence (AI) / Machine Learning (ML), Big Data, etc. From the research literature that we analyzed, the combined use of blockchain technology with IoT and AI/ML can increase security in the process of data transactions in the system.
Abdillah Arif Nasution, Iskandar Muda, Yasara Ulfah, Erlina Erlina · 5 authors
Purpose : This study examines the impact of labor input, construction costs, and building permits on production construction. Theoritical Framework : Nowadays, construction projects are growing. Construction projects require serious management because the larger the project, the more complex the dependence on one job to another in order to achieve the desired results. Design/Methodology/Approach : The secondary data explore from European data obtained from Eurostat from 2016 to 2019. Analyzing and proving hypotheses using Smart PLS software. Findings : The labor input has impact on production construction. The Construction Cost and Building Permits are not impcat to the Production Construction. Efforts to increase business creation should be a development priority in Europe. This is not only related to efforts to achieve the demographic bonus, but also efforts to achieve increased welfare for the Europe community. Research implication : Regional revenue is money that goes into the regional treasury. In implementation of decentralization, regional revenues consist of revenue and financing. Regional income is a recognized right of local government as in the period concerned, while regional financing is all revenues that need to be paid back and/or expenses that will be received back, either in the relevant fiscal year as well as in other fiscal years next. Practical implication : There is potential for the development and energy sources, increasing mastery of technology and quality of human resources, development of strategic industries, increasing sector between European and non-European countries. Social implication : The construction sector is one sector that can create jobs and encourage the transfer of technology that is useful for social aspects. Originality/Value : Enhancement productivity and quality of human resources to be important factor in the effort to reach the potential bonus demographics in Europe. In an effort to achieve demographic bonus opportunities, then in European countries it is expected focus on improving job creation and business for the population young age due to the number of young people which is relatively less. If this population group has the ability increase revenue and productivity, then the country's economy can be improved which in turn can promote growth economy in achieving the demographic bonus in future.
The length and quality characteristics of public highways in Ukraine compared to the leading countries of the world were analyzed. Positive trends in the road construction and repair market related to the reform of the road industry were identified: decentralization of roads, financing of road repairs through the implemented State Road Fund of Ukraine, formation of a competitive environment, increase in the number of players in the road construction and repair market, strengthening of state control in the field procurement and road construction. Attention is drawn to the negative factors that affect the market situation, the formation of competitive advantages of enterprises, taking into account the specifics of the road industry. A set of measures to strengthen the competitiveness of enterprises is proposed, taking into account the results of the implemented reforms. It is considered expedient to intensify the development of public-private partnership, in particular, through the concession mechanism. To improve the quality management of road works, road monitoring should be improved using the HDM-4 automated road development and management system. The current legal framework in terms of the implementation of international forms of contracts, including FIDIC, NEC, needs to be updated. A promising direction for improving the management of enterprises in the road industry of Ukraine is the implementation of information modeling in construction, namely the use of digital technologies for building information models of VIM - technologies. The key task is to ensure a clear, transparent system of procurement and setting prices for construction, repair works and services. The implementation of the specified measures will contribute to increasing the level of validity of operational and strategic management decisions to ensure the effective functioning and development of enterprises in the road industry of Ukraine.
Vladislav Gordeev, O. V. Gromov, V. K. Gromov, G. I. Litinsky · 5 authors
In the process of air transportation, a large amount of information exchange plays an important role in the timely management of aircraft flights. The work of any airline and airport consists of many processes that involve a big number of participants. One of these issues is timely aircraft refueling. The use of the blockchain technology makes it possible to process an airline request for aircraft refueling in a timely manner, make payment and exchange of accounting documents between the airline and the refueling complex. The paper gives the main definitions for the elements of the smart contracts and their interrelationships based on the blockchain technology when performing accounting operations and payment transactions for aircraft refueling. The article is devoted to a comprehensive study of the smart contract technology application in the aircraft refueling system, in particular, the exchange of accounting and payment documentation between the airline, the refueling complexes of civil aviation airports and banks. The aim of the research work is to study the application of the blockchain technology in the aircraft refueling operations. Based on the analysis it is necessary to develop a scheme for the use of the smart contract technology when aircraft refueling, which allows the parties concerned to reduce the volume of accounting and payment operations and increase the operating efficiency of the objects and subjects of the refueling process. The paper presents the chain of information passing and blockchain transformation varying from the execution of refueling operations to the execution of banking operations, payment for jet fuel and related services for aircraft refueling. Special attention is paid to the role and location of aircraft refueling facilities as a key element of the module for automatic reconciliation of accounting and payment documents in the formation of a smart contract. Based on the analysis of the blockchain technology application, a scheme of interaction among an airline, a refueling complex and a bank is proposed. The application of the proposed scheme allows the airline to pay for refueling at the time of refueling without time-consuming accounting operations and prepayment for jet fuel, thereby reducing the accounting time.
Adi Andrei, R Balasa, Mihaela-Luminita Costea, A Semenescu
Abstract The objective of this paper was to create a proof of concept for a blockchain application in aviation world, with an emphasis on improving the aircraft maintenance traceability. It is well known that aviation industry manages incredible complex systems, where failure is not an option. This industry needs blockchain technology not only for safety improvements but also for a new business model where airline companies can deliver more trust and more transparency to their customers. Nowadays, the passengers who are the end customers, cannot evaluate an airline company from the point of view of fleet maintenance. Bad or uncomplete maintenance are premises for an undesired accident. Moreover, aircraft investigators and auditors are experiencing difficulties in understanding how an aircraft was operated. Thinking of forecasting defects, models of predictive maintenance cannot be developed if accurate data are not available. All these can be changed with the implementation of the proposed blockchain application. Beside the theoretical explanations, the scope of this work was also to put in practice the main blockchain features and develop on a small scale, a real decentralized blockchain application using Python programming language. The script was designed to run on a localhost machine and store maintenance records and relevant parameters for the process of tracking an airplane’s lifespan in a chain of interconnected blocks. Therefore, the traditional approach in the data management is no longer an option for the aviation industry.
The last years’ experience of functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic has shown that digital solutions can significantly increase the efficiency of business operational processes. This study focuses on the implementation of digital technologies at the airports to optimize information and financial flows, that are required for the air cargo transportation. The study was carried out based on the analysis of technological schedules of airports and airlines for cargo handling. As a result of this study, we have identified the main problematic operations leading to an increase in the time spent by cargo at the airports. The article examines and summarizes the world practice of using blockchain technology to manage information and financial flows in air cargo. The article has developed a model for the implementation of these technologies in the air cargo industry on the basis of a single blockchain platform. This model allows making optimal use of available airport resources in order to minimize service delays. It solves the main problem of creating the transparency of the information exchange between all air cargo transportation participants.
Yifeng Tian, Yuanxin Zhang, R. Edward Minchin, Ashish T. Asutosh · 5 authors
The importance of infrastructure to the economic and social development at the local and global scales can never be overemphasized. Infrastructure investment, especially private infrastructure investment in most countries, remains continuously insufficient. Key obstacles to efficient financing of infrastructure projects are traditional finance instruments’ multiple drawbacks. As a derivative of the blockchain technology and a creative financing instrument, tokenization improves transparency, increases access to alternative capital sources, and liquidity, and mitigates counterparty risk through decentralization of infrastructure project financial system. This research attempts to shed light on the potential benefits and obstacles of infrastructure tokenization based on an analysis of the current literature. A conceptual framework of infrastructure tokenization is subsequently proposed to improve the efficiency of infrastructure finance. This research concludes that infrastructure tokenization would tremendously benefit the transportation infrastructure system and concedes that there is a lag in regulatory and technical reform to augment its application. Other researchers and industry practitioners can use the findings of this study as a stepping-stone to further improve the application of blockchain technology in infrastructure finance.
ABSTRACT\nPrioritizing public tramjport in large cities requires huge amount of money.\nIn Kuala Lumpur for example, public transport services are relatively poor and inefficient due in part to the inability by the major operators to mobilize ample investment capital. Besides, the new funding systems such as the Public Transportation Trust Fund (PTTF) may not be able to solve the problem because they are still unclear and incoherent. Other key challenges are: lack of a pro-transit policy. rapid motorization. urban decentralization as well as dependence on fare\nrevenue and banks to fund new investments. CrucianF. due to the poor design of private rail concessions, government intervention has been inevitable.\n\nKeywords: large cities, public transit, Kuala Lumpur, funding
India's urban population will double in the 20 years between 1981 and 2001 and could then be as high as 350 million. The 12 cities already having over one million population are growing the fastest and the trends indicate that by the turn of the century there will be 5 megalopolitan areas of over ten million, 20 cities with more than one million and over 600 cities with over 100,000 people. Public transit is expected to handle about 75 percent of the travel in these cities. Like most developing countries, the urban form in India and road networks are not suited for modern traffic. It is concluded that: (1) Decongestion of core areas must be achieved while planned growth and provision of transport be part of urban planning; (2) Transport supply must be augmented while travel demand is reduced; (3) The predominance of low-income population makes public transport of utmost importance; (4) Pedestrians and cyclists must be considered as significant and inalienable traffic units; (5) Area development must include optimization of existing traffic facilities; (6) Transport mode planning must be part of an overall plan to achieve complementary road-rail coordination; (7) Operations research must be applied to every phase of public transit operations and planning; (8) Long-term financing must be established for long-term transit projects; (9) Planning of transport facilities must be geared to overall urban policy of scientific decentralization.