Shaoyu Li, Hexuan Yu, Shanghao Shi, Md Mohaimin Al Barat · 7 authors
With the growing demand for wireless spectrum, dynamic spectrum sharing (DSS) frameworks such as the Citizens Broadband Radio Service (CBRS) have emerged as practical solutions to improve utilization while protecting incumbent users (IUs) such as military radars. However, current incumbent protection mechanisms face critical limitations. The Environmental Sensing Capability (ESC) requires costly sensor deployments and remains vulnerable to interference and security risks. Alternatively, the Incumbent Informing Capability (IIC) requires IUs to disclose their identities and operational parameters to the Spectrum Coordination System (SCS), creating linkable records that compromise operational privacy and mission secrecy. We propose IU-GUARD, a privacy-preserving spectrum sharing framework that enables IUs to access spectrum without revealing their identities. Leveraging verifiable credentials (VCs) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKPs), IU-GUARD allows IUs to prove their authorization to the SCS while disclosing only essential operational parameters. This decouples IU identity from spectrum access, prevents cross-request linkage, and mitigates the risk of centralized SCS data leakage. We implement a prototype, and our evaluation shows that IU-GUARD achieves strong privacy guarantees with practical computation and communication overhead, making it suitable for real-time DSS deployment.
Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) contributes substantial strategic benefits on the Internet of Military Things (IoMT). However, the untrusted party’s misuse of the UAV may violate the security and even demolish the critical operation in the IoMT system. In addition, data manipulation and falsification using unauthorized access are the significant challenges of the IoMT system. In response to this problem, this study proposes a blockchain-integrated convolution neural network (CNN)-based intelligent framework named IoMT-Net for identification and tracking illegal UAV in the IoMT system. Blockchain technology prevents illicit access, data manipulation, and illegal intrusions, as well as stored data on the central control server (CCS). Concurrently, the proposed CNN analyzed the radio-frequency (RF) signal sent by the antenna array element to determine the Direction of Arrival (DoA) for the localization of the illegal UAV. Therefore, a signal model is designed to process the received signal array through IoMT-Net. Moreover, the proposed CNN model is designed with two different functional modules, such as the resource accuracy tradeoff (RAT) module and the unique feature extraction and accuracy boosting (UAB) module, by adopting depthwise and grouped convolution layers. These sparsely connected convolution layers offer high DoA estimation accuracy while maintaining the network more lightweight. In addition, the skip connection is also leveraged into the subunits of RAT and UAB modules for sharing features and handling the vanishing gradients problem. Based on the simulation results, the proposed network achieves superior DoA estimation accuracy (approximately 97.63% accuracy at 10-dB SNR) and outperforms other state-of-the-art models.