The objective of this research coffee growing and community tourism in the province of Loja-Ecuador was to develop a bibliographic review and documented research that determines the feasibility of applying community tourism in the coffee growing area of the province of Loja. To meet the objective, the snowball technique was applied based on the bibliographic and linkographic documentation found, the first thing was to collect and select information related to coffee production in the province of Loja and community tourism activities that include visits to coffee production farms. The selected information comes from official institutions at the national level such as the Ministry of Tourism (MINTUR), Associations of coffee growers in the province of Loja, independent producers, processors, and marketers to which it was applied. surveys and interviews, coffee exporters from the province of Loja, Tourism Observatory of the UTPL and the Decentralized Autonomous Government of Loja (GAD), in addition to what was already mentioned, 12 publications from scientific journals were selected. Among the main findings we have that: the experiences of community tourism in the province of Loja are recent, however, it represents an important alternative for a sustainable use of natural resources, the future of community tourism ventures combined with coffee production, for this, the organization processes of all the actors must be improved to achieve an improvement in the quality of life of the communities.
Spain is a country where the nationalist cleavage has a fundamental importance to understand the party systems and the dynamics of electoral competition in some Autonomous Communities. This article analyzes the electoral bases of the main regionalist parties in Spain and, specifically, it focuses on the electoral bases of Canary Coalition (CC). Despite its importance at the regional level, this party has received little attention by the academic literature. This article confirms the idea that CC is a party able to mobilize an electorate whose preferences are for a more decentralized territorial organization than the current one. However, the key finding is that, unlike what happens with the main regionalist parties in Spain, the identity associated with the Autonomous Community is not an explanatory factor of the vote for CC, what shows that the Canarian identity is not politically activated.
Despite not being a federation Spain is deeply decentralized country. The present-day system of political and territorial organization was outlined during the process of transition to democracy, which took place between 1975 and 1982. The so-called State of Autonomies was based on consensus and will to find a general agreement among the main political actors. Hence, to some extent, it has an ambivalent nature and nowadays is short of full acceptance and finality. This fact alongside the age- old heterogeneity of Spanish population results in a cleavage mirrored in the different views on desirable power and territorial configuration of the country. Today, Spain is divided into seventeen autonomous communities. These units are endowed with both executive and legislative functions and they constitute distinctive political arenas. In some of them the political competition resembles that of the national level. Nevertheless, in the majority of the communities the regional political parties have got an important, sometimes even pivotal role. Right these actors of regional politics are in the focus of this research. In its scope we defined two aims. Firstly, we want to find out what attitudes the regional political parties take towards the autonomous state and its nature, and, respectively, if and to what...