Desale T. Abraha
NGOs can foster a more inclusive and effective civil society in the Global South by collaborating and amplifying marginalized voices. Nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) must prioritize establishing robust relationships with local communities and advocating for their needs to achieve a favorable outcome. As Sandri (2017) stated in his article, "Humanitarian aid to refugees in the Jungle refugee camp of Calais necessitates a diverse array of resources," including housing, food, healthcare, and education. This justifies the responsibility for humanitarian assistance. A later study estimates that around 117.2 million people will be displaced worldwide by 2024, mainly in countries at risk from climate change (UNHCR, 2023).As a result, the refugees' grievances are increasingly complex and unmanageable. Consequently, a thorough policy to allocate and maintain a just global responsibility will come into effect. By enabling peer-to-peer crowdfunding and ensuring secure digital storage of identity documents, blockchain technology can present creative options to assist marginalized individuals. However, it is essential to assess the ethical and logistical consequences of these technological advancements and protect the privacy and rights of refugees. Using blockchain technology, a secure digital identification system can be created that helps refugees overcome common Frontiers in Human Dynamics https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/human-dynamics identification obstacles. However, the blockchain system may need to be more effective for refugees in regions with limited access to technology or reliable internet connectivity, as this solution may need to be more practical for them. Also, certain refugees may need the necessary knowledge or resources to navigate and employ a sophisticated digital identification system efficiently. For instance, the absence of internet infrastructure may present a challenge for a refugee residing in a remote camp to access the blockchain system, impeding their ability to verify their identity and access essential services. Mballa et al. (2020) found that refugees residing in urban areas with improved connectivity and resources may find the blockchain system more accessible and advantageous for establishing secure identification. As he stated in his article, this system may encompass critical documents, such as diplomas, health records, and birth certificates, to facilitate the reconstruction of refugees' lives. Although the integration of important documents may be beneficial, it does not address the fundamental problem of internet connectivity and access in remote regions, which remains a significant obstacle to the implementation of a sophisticated digital identification system such as blockchain, as other scholars such as Ager and Stronger (2008) have noted. Problems with internet access might slow down the rollout of blockchain-based identification systems in more remote places. The research primarily centers on the traditional approach to refugee management while shedding light on future developments in refugee management systems, particularly regarding providing aid and assistance. It's important to consider that individuals in these areas may require assistance using such systems as they may have limited access to reliable connectivity.Moreover, relying heavily on online verification procedures can disproportionately affect marginalized communities with limited access to reliable internet services.Additionally, concerns about privacy and security may arise from storing sensitive personal information on a blockchain platform. Despite these challenges, blockchain-based identification systems have the potential to mitigate identity theft, streamline bureaucratic processes, and provide stability and security for displaced individuals. It is imperative to prioritize the needs of countries in the Global South and ensure they have the necessary resources to help those in need cope with the increasing number of refugees (Valenti, 2022). It is imperative to address the root causes of displacement and strive for sustainable solutions.According to Habib et al. (2023), a decentralized strategy focusing on openness and accessibility is a possible solution to the difficulties of sharing resources. This approach encourages stakeholder collaboration and strengthens the sense of community ownership of resources. Due to its immutability and security, blockchain technology can efficiently manage and distribute resources to refugees, as Corte-Real et al. (2022) found. By creating an immutable registry of funds allocated to refugees, aid can be distributed more efficiently and reliably. At the same time, direct peer-to-peer transactions minimize the need for intermediaries and reduce the risk of corruption and fraud (Nwuluu & Damisa, 2023). 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