Blockchain Papers

Thiago Marcon de Camargo, Édson Luiz Riccio

No abstract is available for this record.

Authors unavailable

Supply chain finance, a critical tool for industrial chain coordination in the digital economy, faces challenges such as centralized identity authentication, data silos, and privacy risks, with traditional models constrained by single-point failures and inefficient data sharing.While blockchain's decentralized and tamper-proof features offer a solution, existing approaches often lack comprehensiveness.To address this, this study proposes two integrated solutions: first, the ZK-SCFI scheme, which leverages Merkle trees for identity storage, Paillier homomorphic encryption for pseudo-identity generation, and zero-knowledge proofs for privacy-preserving verification, effectively avoiding centralized risks and ensuring transaction non-associability; second, the TRU-SABE framework, combining blockchain and IPFS to enhance ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption (CP-ABE) with keyword search, user revocation, outsourced decryption, and malicious user tracking, addressing traditional limitations like high computational costs and scalability issues.Experiments demonstrate TRU-SABE's superior efficiency, with user-side decryption overhead reduced to 3TE and storage advantages from factor group structures for attribute keys and ciphertexts, while the hybrid architecture alleviates data silos and storage pressure.A prototype system built on Fisco Bcos consortium blockchain, Spring Boot backend, and Vue.js frontend validates core functionalities, including encrypted data sharing and smart contract-based traceability.This work provides a holistic privacy-preserving solution for supply chain finance, with future directions focusing on balancing privacy with regulatory compliance, optimizing multi-authority key management, and expanding system capabilities to enhance security and efficiency.

Lin Kuang

The rule of law is a critical support for the national governance system and governance capacity. The legalization of public finance construction is the foundation for achieving fiscal fairness, efficiency, and justice, promoting the rational allocation of social resources, maintaining social stability, and promoting sustainable economic growth. It is of great significance for building a rule of law government and improving modern budget systems. The legalization of public finance construction should follow the principles of fairness and justice, rule of law governance, and transparency, providing strong institutional guarantees for the sustainable development of public finance. This study takes public finance construction as the research object and focuses on the rule of law principles and practical paths of public finance construction. It analyzes the rule of law principles from a theoretical perspective and proposes practical paths from a practical perspective. At present, the decentralization of budget preparation entities, chaotic internal relationships within administrative institutions, and slow progress in the rule of law are all practical problems that plague the construction of public finance in accordance with the rule of law. In response to these issues, research explores and proposes a series of specific strategies to promote the legalization of public finance from the dimensions of establishing the principle of rule of law, improving the legal system framework, optimizing law enforcement operation mechanisms, and strengthening the supervision system, to provide theoretical support and practical basis for the reform of China's public finance system.

Srijidtra Mahapakulchai, Pannawat Khongdee

Recently, the smart grid has been proposed as the solution to our sustainable source of electricity. Along with the blockchain network as a tool for the decentralized power generation management platform, we can achieve peer-to-peer energy trading. In this research, we emphasize the design of a blockchain smart contract for searching the closet and available electric vehicle charging stations. In the future, each house with solar cell rooftops can generate enough electric power to provide charging service. Therefore the charging stations will eventually be scattered in both rural and urban areas. If we use blockchain technology, people can generate electricity themselves and turn their homes into charging stations, saving money directly without going through intermediary banks. However, to implement this system, there are still many challenges such as long charging time, the unavailability of charging stations, searching and reserving charging systems, etc. The algorithm design concept is based on the idea of bidding. The proposed smart contract algorithm design and development is used as an application to recommend charging stations that are available and closest to electric vehicles by applying smart contracts and blockchain technology. Each station participates in the bidding process by specifying its location and the length of the queue. The smart contract then calculates the distance between the vehicle and the station and checks the waiting time whether it meets the needs of electric vehicle users. Within the bidding time, the smart contract will automatically return the location of the nearest charging station, similar to winning bidders. The experimental results showed that the distance calculations proposed in the smart contracts matched the actual distances that were actually usable by Google for 84 out of 100 rounds of the experiment.

Shuangming Du, Yunhua Liu, Pengfei Tang, Furong Yin · 6 authors

The rapid proliferation of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the increasing heterogeneity of connected devices have exposed the limitations of traditional centralized authentication and access control systems. These conventional approaches struggle to meet the demands of high concurrency, cross-domain interoperability, and decentralized trust. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a distributed security authentication and access control framework that integrates blockchain and edge computing technologies. The proposed model introduces Decentralized Identifiers (DID) and zero-knowledge proofs (ZKP) to enhance identity authentication privacy and integrity. Additionally, it adopts a hybrid access control mechanism that combines Attribute-Based Access Control (ABAC) with Role-Based Access Control (RBAC), enabling fine-grained and dynamic policy enforcement. The system is structured in a three-tier architecture, where smart contracts deployed on a consortium blockchain ensure tamper-proof policy execution and auditability. Experimental evaluations show that the model significantly improves authentication latency, accuracy, and resilience against various attack scenarios, while maintaining policy flexibility and scalability. This work provides a practical and effective solution for secure and trustworthy device access management in complex IoT environments.

Xin Zhao, Zhuo Liu, Zhuo Wei

This paper is dedicated to addressing the management challenge of fake transaction behavior in recommendation systems and proposes a novel solution that integrates smart contracts and blockchain technology. By delving into the decentralized nature of blockchain, the immutability of its data, and the automatic execution advantages of smart contracts—especially the anonymous transaction environment provided by the latter—it not only effectively protects the personal privacy of participants but also reduces transaction biases caused by differences in identity, thereby promoting a more fair and transparent transaction process. Taking the anti-fake transaction mechanism of e-commerce platforms as an example, this paper demonstrates the significant effectiveness of this technological combination in enhancing data reliability, enabling dynamic rule adjustments, and facilitating cross-platform collaboration. The study finds that this method can reduce the false transaction detection omission rate by 30% to 50%, while also enhancing the fairness of the recommendation system and the level of user trust. In addition, the paper discusses potential future directions for technological integration, such as privacy computing and federated learning, and provides corresponding legal compliance recommendations.

Wenbo Li

The digital transformation of finance demands advanced risk control models capable of multimodal analysis while preserving privacy. Existing federated learning approaches lack synthetic data generation capabilities for comprehensive risk assessment. This study proposes a Generative Federated Learning-Driven Multimodal Risk Control (GFL-MRC) model that integrates federated learning with generative adversarial networks (GANs) for privacy-preserving synthetic data generation and cross-modal feature fusion. The framework enables decentralized institutions to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, employing a cross-modal attention mechanism to correlate structured (transactions), semi-structured (profiles), and unstructured (text/image) data. Experiments on financial datasets show GFL-MRC achieves $12.7 \%$ higher fraud detection accuracy ($F 1=0.892$) than conventional federated learning, reduces false positives by 23.4 % through synthetic augmentation, and ensures GDPR/CCPA compliance via differential privacy. The model particularly enhances detection of emerging fraud patterns in low-data scenarios by generating privacy-compliant training samples. This work advances collaborative risk management by bridging regulatory constraints with AI innovation, offering financial institutions a scalable solution for multimodal risk analysis without compromising data privacy.

Kun Liu

In the context of global cross-border payments exceeding $150 trillion, traditional mediation architectures, such as SWIFT, face challenges due to high costs, inefficiencies, and fraud risks. However, blockchain technology become an important driver of innovation in cross-border payments with the characteristics of decentralization, real-time and immutable. This paper aims to answer two core questions: Blockchain technology how to improve the efficiency of cross-border payments through smart contracts, cross-chain protocols and other technical features? How to identify and prevent key risks such as private key security and regulatory conflicts? Through the logical framework of "technical basis - efficiency analysis - risk identification - prevention and control strategy", combined with case comparison (such as RippleNet and SWIFT) and quantitative data (such as Stellar network $0.01 / transaction cost). This paper systematically analyzes the role of blockchain in disintermediation, cost compression, and transparency optimization. Besides, the risks of technological vulnerabilities, regulatory fragmentation and market volatility are revealed. Then, this paper proposes a collaborative governance scheme of hybrid architecture, zero-knowledge proof and multilateral regulatory sandbox. Research finding, blockchain technology can reduce cross-border payment time to seconds and reduce costs by more than 90%, but it needs to deal with challenges such as throughput constraints, conflicting regulatory standards and the volatility of digital currencies. It is suggested that future research focus technology optimization, multilateral regulatory collaboration and market ecological integration, provide theoretical and practical support for building an efficient and secure global payment system.

Qi Qi, Lea Grace B. Salcedo

This research investigates privacy protection mechanisms and data security policy optimization for blockchain-based digital rights management platforms to balance transparency with robust privacy protection. A comprehensive experimental framework was developed, integrating advanced cryptographic techniques with intelligent policy management systems. A multi-layered validation methodology employed formal verification, black-box/white-box testing, and stress tests to validate performance across security, efficiency, and usability dimensions. The implemented solution provided 99.99% security assurance while achieving a 47% improvement in processing efficiency through zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption. Transaction processing reached 3,750 TPS (peaking at 4,200 TPS), with 99.8% regulatory compliance and 99.9% automated policy conflict resolution. The research demonstrates significant advancements in blockchain-based privacy protection through novel cryptographic implementation and automated policy management, establishing a robust framework for secure digital rights management. This solution offers substantial value for content delivery networks, digital asset management systems, financial institutions, and government services where the balance between transparency and privacy is critical, while reducing compliance management costs.

Wu Yang

With the widespread application of drones in military, logistics, agriculture and other fields, their security issues have become increasingly prominent, especially the reliability and efficiency of identity authentication have become key challenges. This article proposes a drone identity authentication and key negotiation scheme based on blockchain technology, aiming to solve the problems of single point of failure, high computational overhead, and easy leakage of secrets in physical capture that exist in traditional authentication methods. This scheme combines the distributed ledger and smart contract technology of blockchain to design an efficient and secure two-way authentication mechanism, and generates three session keys through one authentication, achieving efficient key negotiation. Compared with existing lightweight identity authentication and key negotiation schemes for drones, this scheme significantly improves authentication efficiency while ensuring security, making it suitable for large-scale drone swarm application environments with strong real-time performance and insufficient computing resources.

Xintian Wang

With the continuous advancement of intelligent algorithms, people have put forward new demands for data privacy protection, and the traditional privacy protection technology can not meet the needs of reality. To address this issue, a model safety verification method is proposed by combining European distance and cosine similarity constraint. The results showed that in the MNIST dataset and FMNIST dataset, the impact of three different attacks on the proposed research scheme showed a low value below 2%. In the face of malicious customers with different proportions, the impact of the MNIST and the FMNIST dataset are stable at a low range, and the maximum did not exceed 5%. The findings denote that the raised method has excellent performance in the defense model poisoning attack, and can effectively improve the robustness and privacy security in the federated learning system.

Yiwen Wu

Blockchain technology, characterized by its immutability, decentralization, transparency, security, and traceability, has shown vast potential for applications in secure IoT communications and data protection through its deployed smart contracts. While machine learning-based code generation systems aim to automate high-quality programming solutions, they face significant challenges when addressing blockchain-related issues. This paper analyzes the limitations of machine learning in identifying vulnerabilities within blockchain smart contracts and proposes robust solutions. To achieve this, this paper suggests organizing multiple security experts for labeling, developing efficient labeling tools, employing semi-supervised learning to reduce dependency on labeled data, and establishing a continuous update mechanism for labeled datasets to adapt to evolving threat landscapes. To address the scarcity of training samples in the blockchain domain, this paper introduces a method for generating additional Solidity smart contract training samples using data augmentation techniques. Given that traditional data augmentation methods are not suitable for Solidity, the approach involves converting Solidity contracts into Python code for processing, then reverting them back to Solidity post-augmentation, with provided code examples. Furthermore, leveraging established non-blockchain code to train blockchain-related models enhances model performance and generalization capabilities. These strategies effectively tackle the issue of insufficient training samples in the blockchain field and offer new perspectives on the conversion between Solidity and Python.

Xiaohang Ma, Yanxue Li, Zhenghui Wu

This paper comprehensively discusses the security mechanism of blockchain-based digital currency transactions, from the application of distributed ledgers, consensus algorithms, smart contracts, to the implementation of multiple signatures and cold storage schemes, to advanced privacy protection technologies, such as zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption. In particular, we delve into innovative mechanisms for attack prevention, including the fusion of heterogeneous multi-chain architectures with PoW+PoS hybrid consensus models. The article also details the practice of performance evaluation and security testing through a series of carefully designed experiments such as throughput and latency testing under different loads, resource utilization monitoring, and security reviews and comparisons with competitors. Experimental results show that the system exhibits good throughput growth under high load, but with the increase of latency, resource utilization is efficient and tends to saturation, most of the security protection mechanisms meet the standards, but access control problems that need to be optimized and high-risk vulnerabilities to be repaired are also found.

Haomiao Wang, Yan Guan, Tianbo Wang, Shuang Yang · 8 authors

In order to cope with the problems of imperfect trading system in the current renewable energy trading, and the poor effect of green certificate system in encouraging renewable energy to connect to the grid and alleviating the pressure of financial subsidies, in the context of carbon emission reduction in the power industry and the development of renewable energy, we put forward a multi-subjects gaming trading model under the blockchain architecture considering the carbon-green certificates and categorize the system participants into four groups. The participants of the system are divided into four categories to form a cooperative gaming alliance, and through the introduction of the concept of “green pass” and the consensus mechanism based on POC-GT, combined with the key features of blockchain such as distributed ledger and smart contract, we construct an innovative trading market structure and operation mechanism. By integrating blockchain technology and multi-subject game theory, an efficient, fair and transparent trading model is designed to optimize the allocation of carbon emission resources, promote the development of green energy, and achieve synergistic sustainability of the economy and the environment.

Jinrun Song

This study constructs an innovative credit assessment model, combining blockchain technology with a credit scoring system to focus on solving data security and privacy protection issues. The model achieves security and transparency in the credit assessment process by designing a series of advanced algorithms and system architectures. The model uses zero-knowledge proof technology to allow users to verify their identities without revealing specific data information, thereby ensuring that privacy is not leaked. The model also introduces a distributed storage mechanism to store data on multiple nodes in a dispersed manner, preventing single point failures and improving the immutability of data. This study verifies the superiority of the model in data processing speed, assessment accuracy and system security through simulation tests. The results show that the accuracy of the model is about 15% higher than that of traditional methods, and the risk of data leakage is significantly reduced by about 20%. The blockchain credit assessment model achieves efficient and reliable credit assessment while meeting user privacy protection, providing a reference with practical value for the construction of the future credit system.

Yingli He, Yuzhuo Pan, Yuchao Liao, Zelu Zhou · 7 authors

Utilizing the Ethereum Geth client, we constructed a consortium blockchain and developed a smart contract in the Solidity programming language.The smart contract encompasses three primary modules: system initialization,anti-counterfeiting information upload, and anti-counterfeiting information retrieval.Through the Remix Integrated Development Environment (IDE), the smart contract was successfully deployed onto the Ethereum blockchain network.To ascertain the robustness and security of the smart contract, we conducted exhaustive deployment and invocation tests using the Ganache testing software in conjunction with the MetaMask lightweight Ethereum wallet, thereby validating the reliability and efficacy of the functions for uploading and querying anti-counterfeiting information.

Yang Zhuoyao

In response to the mandatory requirements of the EU Carbon Tariff and the New Battery Law for the full life cycle carbon management of Chinese battery enterprises, this paper takes CATL as a case to explore the construction path of a carbon footprint account driven by blockchain technology. Based on CATL's "Times Carbon Chain" platform, a three-layer technical architecture was constructed by adopting distributed ledger, perspective life cycle assessment and smart contract technologies: data layer, accounting layer and application layer. By comparing the full life cycle carbon footprint of the 1kwh lithium iron phosphate battery of BYD's subsidiary FinDreams Battery, the research found that the carbon emissions in the transportation link of CATL were significantly higher than those of the benchmark enterprises. Based on this, a multimodal transportation optimization plan was proposed. This work provides a reusable carbon management technology paradigm for Chinese enterprises to deal with international carbon barriers, which has practical value for promoting the implementation of China's carbon neutrality goal.

Marek Dubovec

No abstract is available for this record.

Zhong Zhuang, Qiang Zuo, Meimei Duan, Hanmiao Cheng · 5 authors

No abstract is available for this record.

Juan Yu

This paper discusses the application of blockchain technology in document management for the library. With the characteristics of encryption algorithm, distributed ledger, distributed architecture and traceability, this technology is of great significance in enhancing the security of document resources, optimizing the copyright protection, improving the efficiency of resource sharing and collaboration, and optimizing the experience of reader services. Its application covers the joint collection and edit system of document resources based on blockchain, decentralized storage and distribution platform, knowledge graph co-construction and sharing, and evaluation and contribution incentive mechanism participated by readers, so as to promote more efficient and intelligent library services.

沐尧 濮

区块链技术依托多节点协同验证及数据可追溯性特征，通过构建不可篡改的信用评估体系和自动化交易执行系统，能显著降低金融机构服务边际成本，同时提升风险控制效能。这种技术赋能的创新模式通过信息共享透明化机制有效缓解了金融资源配置的区域失衡问题，从而为银行业发展普惠性涉农金融产品体系开辟了具有可操作性的实践路径。本文将首先指出现有技术条件下开展农村普惠金融业务存在的挑战，接着分析区块链技术如何具体到农村金融的应用，最后探索区块链推进农村普惠金融发展的路径。Blockchain technology, leveraging its characteristics of decentralized node verification and traceable data, can significantly reduce the marginal costs of financial services for institutions while enhancing risk control capabilities by establishing a tamper-proof credit evaluation system and an automated transaction execution mechanism. This technology-driven innovation addresses regional imbalances in financial resource allocation through transparent information-sharing mechanisms, thereby providing a practical pathway for the banking industry to develop inclusive financial products tailored to rural areas. This paper first identifies the challenges of implementing inclusive finance in rural regions under existing technological conditions, then analyzes the specific applications of blockchain technology in rural finance, and finally explores pathways for advancing rural inclusive finance through blockchain.

Kejing Lin

With the government’s emphasis on the blockchain and supply chain industry and increased policy support, the field shows a bright future. Nonetheless, the traditional supply chain finance model faces numerous challenges. This paper aims to explore how blockchain technology can be utilized to mitigate and control credit risk in supply chain finance. It will also detail the principles and characteristics of blockchain technology, including its decentralized architecture, encryption algorithms, resistance to tampering, smart contract functionalities, and more. At the same time, this paper will also analyse the shortcomings of traditional supply chain finance. Distributed ledger technology is utilized through blockchain to ensure the transparency and traceability of information, while smart contracts optimize the credit execution and supervision process, playing a key role in preventing and controlling credit risks. The article concludes by proposing innovative strategies based on blockchain technology, including constructing a credit information sharing platform, improving the credit assessment model, and establishing a risk early warning and monitoring system, with the aim of improving the efficiency and credit level of supply chain management and further promoting the healthy development of supply chain finance.

Weiwei Fu

Aiming at the current problems of cross-institutional mutual recognition, poor traceability and lack of trust in general education credit management, this study proposes a blockchain technology-based credit banking system construction scheme. The decentralised storage and sharing of credit data is achieved through the design of distributed ledger architecture, and smart contract technology is used to automate the execution of credit authentication, accumulation and conversion rules. Construct a standardised model of credit metadata, define the blockchain storage format of course code, credit hours, grades and other data fields, and apply the improved PBFT consensus mechanism to improve the transaction processing efficiency while ensuring data consistency. Zero-knowledge proof technology is used to realise privacy protection and ensure the security of students' sensitive information when it flows across institutions. Experimental results show that the system improves the efficiency of credit verification by 68% compared with the traditional centralised system.

Tong Zhang, Jinrui Qu

No abstract is available for this record.