ABSTRACT Freezing is essential for maintaining the stability of the global supply chain for proteinâbased foods such as meat and aquatic products. However, traditional thawing technologies suffer from low efficiency and severe quality deterioration. Aligned with the principles of Industry 5.0, nextâgeneration food thawing increasingly prioritizes intelligence, humanâcentricity, sustainability, and resilience. This paper systematically examines the entire technological chain from freezing pretreatment to intelligent integration. Rather than providing a technologyâbyâtechnology summary, this review establishes a progressive analytical framework that connects freezing pretreatment, thawing strategies, intelligent systems, and Industry 5.0 enabling technologies. It first discusses freezing pretreatment strategies that establish a quality foundation for subsequent thawing, then reviews individual thawing technologies and synergistic thawing strategies through critical evaluation of their mechanisms, technological advantages, limitations, evidence quality, and industrial applicability. It further analyzes the architecture of intelligent thawing units, including multidimensional sensing networks, intelligent control, and digital twins, and highlights their role as the digital infrastructure for adaptive and dataâdriven thawing systems. Then it further discusses the roles of Industry 5.0 enabling technologies in building humanâcentric, sustainable, and resilient thawing systems. These technologies include augmented reality, collaborative robots, lowâcode platforms, blockchain, edgeâcloud collaboration, and closedâloop feedback optimization. Finally, core challenges and future directions are outlined. This review proposes a wholeâchain optimization framework from freezing pretreatment to intelligent thawing systems and provides critical insights into the transition toward Industry 5.0âoriented food processing.
The Fish Supply Chain (FSC) industry faces a significant challenge in efficiently and affordably preserving fish quality and detecting adulteration throughout the chain. Quality, Adulteration and Traceability (QAT) is a multi-mode spectroscopy and AI-based handheld device that is developed by our team to identify fish species and assess fish freshness that can be integrated into the FSC ecosystem. We conducted a survey interviewing professionals across the FSC, including harvesters, processors, distributors, and retailers and queried them about how they evaluate fish freshness and the major issues faced in freshness inspection and fraud detection. We learned that traditional sensory evaluation and electronic noses are the most common methods used for fish quality and freshness assessment. QAT technology will play a role as a substitute for current methods and will offer rapid results for fish species identification, quality assessment, and nutritional content analysis. Blockchain (BC), as a Distributed Ledger Technology (DLT), can be integrated with FSC to securely monitor and record fish quality and freshness values each step of the FSC. This helps in maintaining product integrity and provides stakeholders with access to the entire journey of the fish product. We extend our experiments to study the degradation of fish freshness throughout the FSC to trigger the system once the rate of decay exceeds a certain limit. These results should be used so BC integration with smart contracts be able to compare its freshness grade to the history of recorded values. If the degradation in freshness exceeds the expected range, then the smart contract should raise an alarm to alert the system. In this way, BC-based FSC incorporating QAT technology is able to detect any degradation and flag products that may have compromised freshness or quality. This integration of technologies not only promises to revolutionize the FSC but also addresses issues like fraud and illegal fishing activities, ultimately delivering higher-quality and more transparent fish products to consumers.
<strong>Abstract:-</strong> Due to the fast development in the Information Technology, many aspects in our life have become online which are flexible and more effective. A new concept like digital currency was created a new business phenomenon in this digital platform to permit the financial aspects like buying and selling. The adoption of virtual currency has become widespread in many trading systems in recent years. As per norms this kind of Digital money is not fully controlled and restrained, majority of the countries have not acknowledged this virtual currency in their commercial activities. The present study was considered price movement of BITCOIN INDIA and BITCOIN GOLD and try to identify the movement of prices. Correlation and T Test were conducted to identify the correlation of price movement among them. The paper studies the regularities of Bitcoin India and Bitcoin Gold and their future in India.
Im Rahmen des Deutsch-Ăsterreichischen Forschungsprojekts NutriSafe (Sicherheit in der Lebensmittelproduktion und -logistik durch die Distributed-Ledger-Technologie) wurde eine Analyse zur Identifikation von relevanten Schwachstellen und Angriffsketten in Wertschöpfungsketten von Lebensmitteln durchgefĂŒhrt. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt die Analyse der IT-Infrastrukturen von fiktiven, aber der RealitĂ€t nachempfundenen Akteuren der Wertschöpfungskette, basierend auf einem der Szenarien des NutriSafe-Projekts. Ergebnisse sind Beziehungen von GefĂ€hrdungen zu IT-Infrastrukturen und Modelle von Angriffsketten in Form von Attack Trees.