The Korean Society For The Economics And Finance Of Education, Hongju Yun, Sookyong Nam, Ki Chang Song
This study aims to analyze the major issues and tasks surrounding the reform of the Local Education Finance Grant(LEFG) system in response to changes in the educational environment, including the restructuring of local government systems. To this end, the study examines the current state of revenues and expenditures in local education finance, and reviews the impacts and issues that administrative integration poses for local education finance. The findings reveal that the current LEFG system is highly vulnerable to tax revenue volatility, thereby limiting the stable operation of education finance. Furthermore, a reduction in local education finance is anticipated due to the strengthening of fiscal decentralization. The major issues identified in the reform debate include: the transition to a grant calculation method that reflects the declining number of students; the removal of fiscal barriers; the compensation for grant revenue losses; and legislative gaps in statutory transfer provisions. In response to these issues, first, mechanisms to ensure the stability of education finance operations must be established. Second, given the inevitability of resource sharing with higher education, rational approaches to resource management warrant serious consideration, including the conversion to an integrated education grant, the transformation of statutory transfers into discretionary transfers, and the establishment of a local government-centered governance framework for higher education finance. Third, fiscal neutrality in education finance must be preserved in the course of advancing fiscal decentralization, and appropriate measures must be taken to prevent inequities between integrated special metropolitan cities and other city and provincial offices of education. This is because the essence of LEFG reform lies not in reducing financial resources, but in ensuring stable support for educational activities and preparing for the future of education.
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the Moon Jae-in government's policy for autonomy and decentralization and to suggest future tasks. The evaluation of the autonomy and decentralization policy will be from the inauguration of the Moon Jae-in government until the end of December 2021. The 6 strategic 33 tasks (133 unit tasks) in the ใComprehensive Plan for Autonomy and Decentralizationใ were targeted, and the evaluation method was mainly conducted by the Presidential Committee on Autonomy and Decentralization, which is the secondary data, using the "check and evaluation results of the implementation of the autonomous decentralization implementation plan" for three years (2020-2021). Based on the implications of the results of the Moon Jae-in administrationโs policy evaluation on autonomy and decentralization, as the tasks for autonomous and decentralization to be pursued in the future, decentralization-type constitutional amendment, reconstruction and strengthening of the decentralization promotion system, self-governing administration, organization, and legislative power strengthening, self-governing financial power reinforcement, special local administration reorganization of institutions, strengthening of authority and responsibility of local councils, vitalization of resident participation, and improvement of local elections and education autonomy system. were suggested.
The purpose of this study is to identify recognition of the relationship between public officials and intergovernmental rulership through decentralization. Through the analysis of the mediating effects of the cooperative relationships, the study was able to derive direct and indirect influences and relative priorities of each factor. For this study, the data of the โ2020 Public Officials Perception Survey on Intergovernmental Relationsโ from the Korea Institute of Public Administration and Security was used and applied to: have a regression analysis, analyze through Baron & Kenny(1986) 3-steps, and verify the mediating effect through the Sobel-test. The analysis verified that all factors of decentralization do carry a significant influence on โcooperative relationshipโ, but only โfinanceโ and โdispute settlementโ were known to have specifically significant influences on โrecognition of intergovernmental relationsโ, and โcooperation.โ The result analyzed that the rest of factors carry a partial mediation that has a direct and indirect influence through mediation. Factors influencing the perception of intergovernmental relations are determined by the relative views of each government. The importance of finance is permanent and unchanging throughout, and dispute settlement due to the increase in regional administration(decentralization) and policy linkage reflects complex and diversified social flows. Thus, the study showed a need for advanced administrative skills and capabilities. Based on these circumstances, a cooperative relationship can be formed, but more importantly, the establishment of a cooperative relationship in cultural aspect rather than a policy-level must be done in order to form recognition of a rational relationship between governments by decentralization.
An important element of the autonomy decentralization based on the residents autonomy is the residents 'self-government committee and the residents' self-government association which are now being promoted in government dimension. In this research, it is a residents autonomous organization, to grasp...
์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ๋ฐ์ผ๋ก ํ๋ ์์น๋ถ๊ถ์ ํต์ฌ์์๋ ํ์ฌ ์ ๋ถ ์ฐจ์์์ ์ถ์ง๋๊ณ ์๋ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์์ํ์ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์นํ์ด๋ค. ๋ณธ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์๋ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์กฐ์ง์ผ๋ก ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์์ํ ๋ฐ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์นํ์ ์ด์ ์คํ๋ฅผ ํ์ ํ๋ค. ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์์๋ค์ ์์์กฐ์ฌ์ ๊ธฐ์ดํ์ฌ ํฅํ ์์น๋ถ๊ถ์ ๋ถ์ํ ์ ์๋๋ก ์ญ๋์ ๊ฐํํ๊ณ ํ์ฑํ ํ ์ ์๋ ์ ๋ต์ ์๋ฆฝํ๋๋ฐ ๋ชฉ์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์๋ค. ์ด์ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์กฐ์ง์ ์ด์ ์คํ๋ฅผ ํ์ ํ๊ธฐ ์ํ์ฌ ์ถ์ฒ์ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์์๋ค์ ๋์์ผ๋ก ์กฐ์ง์ ๊ตฌ์ฑ๊ณผ ์ด์ ๋ถ๋ถ์ ์กฐ์ฌํ์๋ค. ์ง๋ฐฉ์์น์ ํ์ฑํ์ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์ ์ค์์ฑ์ด ๊ฐํ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ์ฅ ์ฃผ๋ฏผ๋ค์ด ์ง์ ์ฐธ์ฌํ์ฌ ์๋น์ค์ ์ง์ ๋์ด๊ณ , ์ฃผ๋ฏผ์์น์กฐ์ง์ ์์จ์ฑ๊ณผ ํฌ๋ช ์ฑ ๋ฐ ์ฑ ์์ฑ์ ํ๋ณดํ๋ค๊ณ ๋ณผ ๋, ์ฃผ์ด์ง ๊ธฐ๋ฅ์ ๋ ์์ ์ผ๋ก ์คํํ ์ ์๋ ์ฃผ์ฒด๊ฐ ๋์ด์ผ ํ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค.An important element of the autonomy decentralization based on the residents autonomy is the residents โself-government committee and the residentsโ self-government association which are now being promoted in government dimension. In this research, it is a residents autonomous organization, to grasp the actual situation of the residents โself-government committee and residentsโ self-governing association. Based on the consciousness survey of residents self-governing committee members, we aim to formulate a strategy that can strengthen and revitalize our abilities to cope with future autonomy decentralization. In order to grasp the actual situation of the residents autonomous organizations management, we studied the composition and action parts of the organization for Chuncheon City residents autonomous committee members. By strengthening the importance of local autonomy and residents autonomy, people of the site will participate directly, improve the quality of the service and see residents autonomous organizations to secure autonomy, transparency and responsibility, There must be an entity that can perform the given function independently.
Our countryโs local council system was started on the basis of the Constitution of the Republic of Korea promulgated on July 17, 1948 and the Local Autonomy Act enacted on July 4, 1949. Particularly, the Local Autonomy Act is to support the overall operation of the local council system and is to build the basic โframeworkโ of local council activities. Accordingly, when the changes and the history of the Local Autonomy Act are traced, the causes of the changes of the local council system can be diagnosed, and by extension, the reform agendas of the local council can be found. For this purpose, the analysis and the diagnosis of the history and the content of the amendment to the Local Autonomy Act were performed in stages as follows. In the first stage, the analysis of the status and the coordinate of the local council was conducted from the perspective of โhow the status of the local council was established.โ In the second stage, the analysis of the composition and organization of the local council was conducted from the perspective of โhow the local council is composed.โ In the third stage, the analysis of the authority and the functions of the local council was conducted from the perspective of โwhat the local council is doing.โ In the fourth stage, the analysis of the operation and the support of the local council was conducted from the perspective of โhow the local council is operated.โ And in the fifth stage, the issues and the reform agendas raised based on the aforesaid diagnosis and analysis were presented as follows. First, with regard to the status and coordinate of the local council, โthe aiming at the Constitutional Law for Local Decentralizationโ and โthe evaluation of local council activities and the review of election pledgesโ are needed. Second, with regard to the composition and organization of the local council, the reexamination of โthe party candidate selection system,โ โthe remuneration system for local council members,โ and the local council committee system,โ is required. Third, in the aspect of the authority and the functions of the local council, the plans for โthe expansion of the autonomous legislative authorityโ of the local council, โthe reinforcement of financial control,โ and โthe separate application of the 1st and the 2nd administrative surveillance authorityโ should be considered. Fourth, in the operation and support of the local council, the amendment to the Local Autonomy Act for the โestablishment of policy adviser organs,โ and โindependence of authority over personnel affairsโ is considered to be required.
The disparity between urban and rural areas, which could be considered another form of discrimination, has emerged as a serious problem. The depopulation of rural villages is as serious as the urban problem, because depopulated areas are degraded and are inferior in terms of population, industry, and finance. These areas are not sustainable. The solution is regional revitalization. Following a change in viewpoint, Japan started a program of regional revitalization in 2015. This involves the distribution of limited resources from central to local authorities. These processes have attracted praise for revitalization based on the Maniwa model, which has destroyed peopleโs stereotypical views. Humans (human capital + relation capital) and content (regional capital + business capital) are the key to success for regional revitalization and management capital and finance capital and hold a major promise of balanced national development. This article has attempted to describe Koreaโs implementation of the Maniwa model. This constitutes local empowerment as a consequence of decentralized power, an education system managed by regional human resources, and an impassioned discovery of regional resources.
This Study investigates time-series change of employment centers by nine industries between 2000 and 2010. The study discusses different distribution pattern of employment centers of Seoul Metropolitan Area (SMA) by industries. The spatial concentration level is calculated by Global Moranโs I and Local Moranโs I. The results are summarized as follows. First, overall employment distribution change shows decentralization. High density areas were connected to the traditional employment centers and made employment corridor. Second, basic industries like manufacturing and transportation had moved from the old business centers to outskirts. Third, public services including education and human health and social work activities have been relatively well distributed and showed minor change during the study period. Fourth, finance and insurance and real estate activities are clustered in the 3 major centers. The results imply that employment distribution analysis by major industries are necessary as well as total employment distribution in order to improve efficiency of urban spatial structure. For instance, if we can assume the different housing demand by industries, employees of manufacturing companies need to move to near suburban areas while residential buildings for FIRE industries are planned in the traditional business centers.
Local autonomy is not only limited abusing official authoriry in negatively, but also each local government of dealing with own problem in itself and by own organization in posibility. And Devolution authority of the central government and local government enforcement is the problem about basic reign system in a country. So functional allocation and devolution authority focused on consensus on basic reign system, for example role allocation of public versus private, central-local relationship. But in my paper, focusing on central local relaltions I studied on devolution authority and allocation functions in social services. Our government have pursued functional delegation with decentralization than transferring of governments authority until now. For example discrepancy between governement authority and responsibility, the differences between affairs and finance, ets.. So our government enact Act for Decentralization and Devolution Authority(1999) In my paper, I focused on devolution authority and affairs allot of governmental relations in social welfare, especially contents limited in Public Assistance and personal social services. First of all, I reviewed the reality of delogation and affairs allot and I analyzed problems about delegation and allocation functions in Korea. Finally I figured out desirable devolution of authority and decentralization of government fuctions.
After evaluating decentralization policy in the Lee Myung-bak administration's, this paper tried to suggest and propose some policy initiatives and directions on this policy to the upcoming administration of Park Geun-hye, the president-elect by reviewing her policy commitments and positions to decentralization during her presidential campaign. Being based on this research purpose and method, this article presented some policy guidelines and initiatives to the Park's government as follows; constitutional amendment for promoting decentralization to local governments, strengthen and rebuilding of pushing system of the decentralization policy, strengthen legislative autonomy, maintenance of special local administrative agencies, institution of autonomous police system, improvement autonomous education municipality, strengthen the position and role of local council, practices of political decentralization, and an innovative securing local autonomous finance.
Special Act on the Establishment of Jeju Special Self-governing Province and the Creation of Free International City(hereinafter as โSpecial Actโ) was already enacted on February 21, 2006 and Jeju Special Self-governing Province(hereinafter as โJeju Self-governing Provinceโ) was established newly on July 1, 2006. In spite of the rights of Self-government to be granted to Special Province are strengthening of self-lawmaking and self-organization and management, expansion of residents participation, strengthening of financial autonomy etc., the Jeju Self-governing Province has not made satisfying results while. For this reason the Central government did revise the Special Act on May 2011. This amendment has given Jeju Self-governing Province the autonomous rights than the previous Special Act. In particular the Central government has authorized Jeju Self-governing Province the autonomous finance rights than the previous Special Act. Bout Special Province has a low standard of financial independence as compared with some local governments. Therefore to be developed Special Province as a advanced model of decentralization of power and international city will manage systemic and independent business from autonomical finances. Because the rights of finance to be granted to Special Act are limited, this rights are not of help substantial finance expansion of Special Province. Therefore I think that Special Province is granted the rights to expand taxation autonomy as to transfer items of national tax or national tax to be collected by Special Province to Special Province to provide in Special Act ยง4 โข. This example is that the Central government give Jeju Self-governing Province return right of the added value tax for the tourist. This province enacts an ordinance to impose Environment Tax a portion of VAT return tax. The Financial Soundness of Jeju Self-governing Province does not get off the provision of special Act, but is transferred effective autonomous finance rights and has accompanying responsibilities for the transferred rights.
This study focuses on the tax reform for fiscal decentralization in Korea. In Chapter 1, we present the purpose and methods of this study. In Chapter 2, we study the circumstances of fiscal decentralization and the problems of fiscal structure in Korea. The fiscal state and problems in Seoul Metropolitan City will be analyzed in Chapter 3. In Chapter 4, the financial relations between the central and local governments, and the local tax system in Korea, and suggest the tax reform solution for the improvement of fiscal decentralization. This study reviews the theoretical and historical background of fiscal decentralization by the survey of relevant literature. Also, we study the major characteristics of the allocation system of tax base between the central and local governments, and analyze the structural problems of local finance in Korea. First, the Korean tax system is concentrated heavily on the national taxes as 80% of the total tax revenue. Thus the central government plays a vital role in resource allocation. Secondly, the local tax revenue is distributed unevenly among local jurisdictions. The regional inequality in revenue-raising capacity is a major policy obstacle to redesign the local tax system depends heavily on the property-related taxes, lack of elastic revenue-raising capacity. Therefore, the overall reform of local tax system revising the allocation of tax bases between the central and local taxes is needed for the fiscal decentralization. In this study, we propose mainly the adjustment between the national and local taxes. We studies liquor tax, transportation-energy-environment tax, transfer income tax and special consumption tax. Also, the improvement of local income tax and local consumption tax will be studied and the effect of the reform in these taxes on the local finance will be simulated. Finally, we suggest an organization for the prior consultation between the central and local governments, because it is important to adjust interests between the two parties before the central government makes local policy decisions.
Since 2000s, the central-local relations in Japan has been confronting a rapid change made by the formulation of the Packaged Decentralization Law and the Trinity Reform. With this background, this study aims to analyse a case of Yubari, Hokkaido in Japan and argue that 'the decentralization reform' in Japan is not consistent with the interests of the local people. For this purpose, the rational choice approach is employed. this study, in particular, examines the preferences of the central government departments such as Prime Minister, Ministry of Finance, Ministry of operation. Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communications as well as the local government. Yubari has been faced with the worst situation of bankruptcy occurred from a result of giving up its responsibility as a local government, confronting the change of central-local relations. The study points out that the case of Yubari provides significant policy implications for government for local governments in Korea.
This paper proposes the basis of governmental and fiscal policies for Gyeonggi provincial government. Firstly, the role of Gyeonggi Province should be established under the decentralized governing system. This enhances the provincial autonomous capacity. It is also correspondent with central governmentโs devolution policy as well. Secondly, the relationship among the different levels of governments(central-province-cityใcounty) should be horizontally mutual. There are two major ways to reach the horizontal intergovernmental relationship. One is that central and provincial governments should rearrange their roles and functions. The other is that Gyeonggi province should maintain friendly relations with the cities and counties by switching the direct guidance or supervising to technical advice and cooperation. Thirdly, the provincial government of Gyeonggi needs to carry out policies for the citizens with the new public management tools such as running a flexible organization, engaging official positions openly and executing performance-based management system. Fourthly, the reform and renovation of Gyeonggi Provinceโs public sector is essential for performing the leading role of the national development. Finally, Gyeonggi Province needs to build collaborative partnership with NGOs for improving the democratic decision-making and civil society.
In this local self-government era, in order to achieve real local decentralization, it is guaranteed to establish self-finances of certain administration level. Nowadays Local equalization scheme is carried out for insuring regional equal development and efficiency and effectiveness of administration and for solving vertical horizontal problem of unequal finance in local government. Local equalization scheme is the system to guarantee the financial source so that all local self-governing organizations can obtain national minimum standard while correcting the unbalance of finance and maldistribution of tax revenue source between regions. This paper presents the directions of improvement so that national subsidy and local tax can contribute to the finance balance of local self-governing organization in the uncertainties of future finance with weak financial ability. Consequently, it is required to operate the system according to balance principle by adjusting the operation form and distribution type such as national subsidy and local tax.
This study is centered on two concepts of central and local government: cooperation-control, centralization-decentralization. Through the degree on the self autonomy in the Korean Participatory Government, this study analyzed the relationship between central and local government. Viewing from management perspective, especially focused on the ordinance, function, organization, financing, it is revealed that responsible autonomous foundation has not yet been laid out. In order to establish the decentralized cooperative relationship, it is necessary to eliminate the one way control system from central government to local government which is unsuitable to the vision of Participatory Government, and the interdependent horizontal relationship is needed. Also there is no doubt that central and local governments will play a stronger role in our society in the years ahead. On the issue of rebalancing the central-local relations, it is truly time for a change.
This study attempts to provide some applications for local government decentralization under the circumstance of public reform. Traditionally the innovation of government focused on to develop some new techniques and criteria but it is more important thing to divide the power between central and local government for the developed national system. Although the need for decentralization of government had prevailed in Korea for long time, we are witness of the unchanged system. In spite of its desirability of decentralization of structure, staffing and financing etc., changing for decentralization is not easy. Now I think it is necessary we have to prepare the way of decentralization by way of compariso with the nations which had overcame the diffioulties for decentralization. Italy is an advanced one had achieved decentralization with lots of innate d especially its decentralized regional development strategy may apply to us. Last I'd like to say that decentralization itself is political change. So before advance of political system, decentralization can not go up anymore.
The Local Financial Analysis and Diagnosis System is one of the major tool for the Ministry of Government Administration and Home Affairs to manage the soundness and efficiency of Korean local finance. This paper tried to make a new approach for the system in view of financial decentralization and performance-oriented initiatives. At first, I investigated the critical issues of the current system. And then, I suggested four alternative models for monitoring the local financial trends based on financial decentralization : from Analysis Diagnosis to Analysis-Evaluation System.