Blockchain Papers

Arafat Ali Khan,Khalid Hamid,Muhammad Husnain Shahid,Malik Waqar Ali,Waqar Ali,Muhammad Zain Amir

No abstract is available for this record.

Gukanraj S, Jeeva Rekha R, Dharshan M, Mohan Murthy M · 7 authors

Environmental pollution poses a significant threat to public health and ecosystems, demanding advanced methods for real-time monitoring and source identification. Traditional IoT monitoring systems often fail to capture complex spatiotemporal patterns and raise privacy concerns. This paper introduces a robust, privacy-preserving IoT-based environmental monitoring framework integrating Times Net for temporal feature extraction and Spatio-temporal Graph Neural Networks (STAGE) for spatial relationship modeling. The system incorporates Federated Learning with Differential Privacy, Zero-Knowledge Proofs (ZKP) for authentication, and Post-Quantum Cryptography (CRYSTALS-Cyber) for blockchain-secured model updates. Experimental evaluation using real-world IoT data demonstrates a 93.4% prediction accuracy, a 12% privacy gain, and a 35% reduction in communication cost compared to traditional methods. The architecture is scalable, modular, and designed to support real-time, privacy-sensitive environmental monitoring in smart city applications.

Md. Uzzal Mia, Mahfuzur Rahman, Ahmed Elbeltagi, Md. Abdullah-Al-Mahbub · 13 authors

The couplings of convolutional neural networks (CNN) with random forest (RF), support vector machine (SVM), long short-term memory (LSTM), and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) ensemble algorithms were used to construct novel ensemble computational models (CNN-LSTM, CNN-XG, CNN-SVM, and CNN-RF) for flood hazard mapping in the monsoon-dominated catchment, Bangladesh. The results revealed that geology, elevation, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and rainfall are the most significant parameters in flash floods based on the Pearson correlation technique. Statistical method such as the area under the curve (AUC) was used to evaluate model performance. The CNN-RF model could be a promising tool for precisely predicting and mapping flash floods as it is outperformed the other models (AUC = 1.0). Furthermore, to meet sustainable development goals (SDGs), a blockchain-based technology is proposed to create a decentralized flood management tool for help seekers and help providers during and post floods. The suggested tool accelerates emergency rescue operations during flood events.

Arthur Hrast Essenfelder, Francesca Larosa, Paolo Mazzoli, Stefano Bagli · 9 authors

This study proposes a climate service named Smart Climate Hydropower Tool (SCHT) and designed as a hybrid forecast system for supporting decision-making in a context of hydropower production. SCHT is technically designed to make use of information from state-of-art seasonal forecasts provided by the Copernicus Climate Data Store (CDS) combined with a range of different machine learning algorithms to perform the seasonal forecast of the accumulated inflow discharges to the reservoir of hydropower plants. The machine learning algorithms considered include support vector regression, Gaussian processes, long short-term memory, non-linear autoregressive neural networks with exogenous inputs, and a deep-learning neural networks model. Each machine learning model is trained over past decades datasets of recorded data, and forecast performances are validated and evaluated using separate test sets with reference to the historical average of discharge values and simpler multiparametric regressions. Final results are presented to the users through a user-friendly web interface developed from a tied connection with end-users in an effective co-design process. Methods are tested for forecasting the accumulated seasonal river discharges up to six months in advance for two catchments in Colombia, South America. Results indicate that the machine learning algorithms that make use of a complex and/or recurrent architecture can better simulate the temporal dynamic behaviour of the accumulated river discharge inflow to both case study reservoirs, thus rendering SCHT a useful tool in providing information for water resource managers in better planning the allocation of water resources for different users and for hydropower plant managers when negotiating power purchase contracts in competitive energy markets.