Blockchain Papers

Jean‐Éric Pelet, Nic Terblanche, Laura Ehm

International audience

Ute Schüttoff, Laura Glaser, Tim Pawlowski

No abstract is available for this record.

Dimitrios Varveris, Athanasios D. Styliadis, Panteleimon Xofis, Levente Dimén

Temporally sensitive tree modeling and urban park spatially explicit simulation offer advantages to large-scale landscape planning and design, especially in the context of smart applications for virtual parks and forests, while Blockchain technology provides collaborative engineering, data integrity, and information confidence. A proof-of-concept 2.5D tree architecture and Blockchain integration technique (distributed Internet-of-Trees images, “IoTr-images”) was presented as a low-cost metaverse case study that affects the forest monitoring and digital landscape architecture design infrastructures. At the core of the proposed feature-based parametric modeling methodology is a 2.5D tree CAD model composed of two perpendicular 2D tree frames on which recorded tree texture has been assigned. A “Batch command-line programming” technique has been implemented, as a user-defined routine at the top of a commercial CAD platform, to describe the proposed off-the-self method and to create tangible tree-image NFT tokens (Internet-of-Trees-images Blockchain). As important findings were recorded, the add-in planning intelligence, the superior data integrity, and confidence, the offline relaxed error-free CAD design, and the superiority in terms of time and cost compared to traditional 3D tree modeling methods (laser scanning, close-range photogrammetry, etc.); as well as the satisfactory tree modeling accuracy for smart forest monitoring and landscape architecture applications. The proposed 2.5D parametric tree model added new value to the CAD-Blockchain integration industry because a plain “Blockchain/Merkle hash tree” tracks tree geometry growth and texture change temporarily with simple parametric transactions (i.e. controlled hash tree magnification/scaling). So, metaverse functionality (decentralized, autonomous, coordinated, and parallel design; same-data sharing; data validation), modification and redesign ability, and planning intelligence are effectively supported by the proposed technique. Main contributions are regarded as the ability for smart forest distributed surveillance and collaborative parallel landscape architecture design, open-source Web-based educational simulations, as well as the potential for off-the-shelf contractual collaborative frameworks (smart contracts between designers and clients). Stratification based on forest types improved above-ground biomass (AGB) estimation, especially when AGB was greater than 500 Mg/ha, using the proposed “IoTr-images” technique. So, this research provides new insight into AGB modeling and monitoring. Finally, the proposed method’s robustness has been validated by performance evaluation testing.

Ibáñez Jiménez Javier

The present paper examines the concept, legal nature and key legal issues faced by non-fungible tokens (NFTs) representing wine bottles to be marketed in decentralized secondary platforms qualified as organized marketplaces in accordance with the provisions of the ongoing provisions of the EU Market in Cryptoaset Regulation (hereinafter MiCA). The analysis is extended to essential market challenges posed by the aforementioned rules within the context of the functioning of wine token platforms in DLT (blockchain) public-permissioned networks (PPDLs). Specific MiCA compliance for NFT wine trading and the relationship between the property of the underlying deliverable wine and the credit rights of the token holder are aksi discussed under the perspective of MiCA stablecoin regulation and particular consumer law rules and principles, in order to efficiently organize markets to protect NFT holders, wine buyers and related rights of producers, distributors and intermediaries along the wine chain of value.

Eriko KOJIRO, Katsue FUKAMACHI, Keisuke Kojiro, Hiroki Takahashi

This study analyzed 1889-1894 (Meiji period) lumber sales books recorded by forestry workers of Hachiyado, a village on the western shore of Lake Biwa in Otsu, Shiga Prefecture, and clarified the commercial distribution of forest resources and their uses. Seventeen tree species were found to have been used as commodities for sales. They included Zelkova serrata, Thujopsis dolabrata and Quercus serrata. 63% of all sales were for use as timber, while 18% were for use as fuel. We found twenty product categories. They included raw lumber, bark, firewood, and leaves. The largest distribution destination was neighboring villages, followed by Otsu City, areas on the eastern shore of Lake Biwa, and Kyoto City. Timber was shipped by overland route or by boat to the nearby urban areas when possible. On the other hand, fuel tended to be distributed and used in nearby villages. An analysis of the various uses of the local forest resources and of the commercial distribution at the time (Meiji period) showed that sales of Pinus densiflora, Pinus thunbergia and Cryptomeria japonica played a central role.

Jeffrey L. Hoopes, Tyler Menzer, Jaron H. Wilde

No abstract is available for this record.