In this article, we consider DAG-based distributed ledger technologies (DLTs), i.e., DLTs where each block can reference several previous blocks hence forming a directed acyclic graph of blocks (BDAG). Each block has a weight (usually a constant normalized to one) and our goal is to compute the heaviest sub-BDAG that does not contain conflicting blocks. First, we prove that computing such a sub-BDAG is NP-complete. Then, we show that the difficulty comes from concurrent conflicts and we present an optimal algorithm that is polynomial if the number of concurrent conflicts is bounded. We also give an efficient incremental version of our algorithm. Finally, we evaluate the performance of our algorithm on random BDAGs against an existing algorithm called GHOSTDAG and show that, in addition to being optimal, our algorithm is also more efficient in practice.
Tayyaba Tariq, Rana Muhammad Amir Latif, Muhammad Farhan, Adil Abbas · 5 authors
Patient wears a heartbeat sensor bracelet and set the settings accordingly. Doctors get notification via the different use of technology if a patient's heartbeat is out of range to given specific limits to monitor heart rate is very important for heart patients because it shows the condition of the there is any disease that will be identifiable. Although Electrocardiography (ECG) is used to check heartbeat, the (ECG) Electrocardiography machine shows a rare form. A method to check heartbeat could be heartbeat sensor which is in different sizes and shapes that are a more natural way to measure heartbeat, and most of them are available in smart straps, smartphone and so on. Indicates the heart is expanding and contracting. The opinion on this is to use the specific bracelet category machine to check the heartbeat and then upload data on the website to maintain the patient's history. A Website is available for those patients who are registered with a doctor-patient history updates side by side. The system provides more reliability, efficiency, and accuracy to monitor the heartbeat. Patient History will be available to the doctor as well. However, the doctor will recommend medication for it. By using the Machine learning tools and techniques for the analysis of data and regression technique for regular approach usage. Circos tool is being used for the design view of the dataset result. Linear Regression (LM) algorithm and Classification and Regression Tree algorithm (CART) used in R-language for the results analyzing the heartbeat and the detection of heart rate. IoT is ultimately the amalgamation of both software and hardware to make trillions of information by linking multiple tactics and sensors with the cloud and making sense of data and information with creative tools.