Algorand is a public blockchain platform designed for digital transactions and smart contracts, utilizing an energy-efficient pure proof-of-stake consensus mechanism based on a Byzantine agreement protocol. Despite its potential, its performance under high traffic conditions remains largely unexplored. This study aims to evaluate key performance metrics of Algorand, including transaction throughput, block utilization, transaction confirmation time, block time, and block size, under high load stress to assess the impact of heavy traffic. The network was stressed through two experimental setups: In the first, the nodes sent between 5,000 and 45,000 payment transactions to the Algorand network; in the second, the transaction rate was fixed at 5,000 transactions per second, with stress durations ranging from 2 to 40 seconds. The results demonstrate that Algorand distributes transactions across multiple blocks before the first block reaches full capacity. Transaction confirmation times increased with higher traffic and longer stress durations, occasionally exceeding one minute. Block size and throughput initially increased with higher transaction rates and extended stress periods, but eventually stabilized. This research represents the first comprehensive stress test of the Algorand network under high transaction loads. Future research could focus on identifying and mitigating bottlenecks in the transaction confirmation process to enhance Algorand’s performance further.
Blok-lanac tehnologija pruža mnoge mogućnosti kao što su neizmjenjivost podataka, sigurnost i distribuiranost. Zbog navedenih svojstava blok-lanac tehnologija počinje se primjenjivati u širokom spektru industrija, a jedna od tih industrija je i industrija video igara. U radu će se opisati nekoliko igara razvijane koristeći blok-lanac tehnologiju te implementirati aplikacija na Ethereum platformi.
Zahra Zahedi, Mohammad Mehdi Arefi, Alireza Khayatian, Hamidreza Modares
In this paper, a solution for Nash equilibrium seeking problem for N-players static non-cooperative games with non-quadratic payoff functions is proposed. The proposed solution is a non-model based approach, in the sense that the players do not need any knowledge about the agent's model or other players' actions, and can attain the Nash equilibrium using only measurements of payoff values. To overcome the shortcoming of existing non-model based algorithms, for which the Nash equilibrium stays within a small neighborhood and oscillates, the proposed approach adjusts the classical extremum seeking algorithms so that the amplitude of excitation sinusoidal signal converges to zero locally and exponentially. Therefore, with removing steady-state oscillation, not only the deleterious effects of steady-state oscillation is eliminated but also Nash equilibrium is achieved faster. The details of proof and the analysis for stability and convergence are provided. Finally, the efficiency and effectiveness of the algorithm are illustrated with a numerical example and simulation.
Although ABS has been widely spread on the commercial market for twenty years, throughgoing investigations with rigorous theoretical background have been lacking in the automotive literature. The control strategies of commercial ABS are mostly based on table rules to be calibrated through various experiments and tests, and the system dynamics cannot be effectively considered in the controller design. Due to the challenges in the automobile industry it is desired to develop a technique which still enhances the control performance and robustness with respect to various vehicle types and environment conditions. Motivated by these goals, a robust adaptive control algorithm is developed in this work. The proof of asymptotic stability is based on the Lyapunov method. The objective of such control is to maximize the tire friction under the assumption of knowing the optimal value of target slip. It is shown that, without any prior knowledge of the tire force and system parameters, the slip error is bound to converge to zero asymptotically. The robustness of the control system with respect to variation of the system parameters is guaranteed. The brake dynamic system to be controlled includes mechanical motion equations and the hydraulic circuit equations. A two-level control scheme is applied for the controller design, which considers the both parts separately.