The article provides critical analysis of the new Strategy of spatial development of the Russian Federation up to 2030 with the forecast up to 2036 in view of evolution of federal relations and provisions of the institutional theory. Topicality of the research is envisaged by the necessity to comprehend the fact whether the present document in the absence of certain strategies of federative relations can perform the coordinating role in stimulating economic selfdevelopment in regions. The goal of the research is to identify systemic contradictions between declared targets of spatial development and real conditions and mechanisms of governing included in strategic documents. Principle conclusions of the research demonstrate a deep paradox of today’s Russian regional policy: in spite of the declared rejection of the idea of equal development and transition to rhetoric of differentiated approach and resource concentration the effective Strategy does not put forward any withdrawal from the model of controlled asymmetry but reproduces centralized vertical logics of governing. The key institutional gap is successive denial of the important role of institutions of in-regional level, i.e. city agglomerations and strong centers of population, which are recognized as objective reality but are not provided with real power and finance authorities. Tools being introduced, such as common lists of strong centers of population and geo-strategic territories, as well as the digital platform of governing are analyzed as mechanisms of increasing administrative priority fixing from above and tools of vertical supervision but not as the basis of decentralization and providing regions with authorities. The author shows increasing non-coordination in the system of strategic planning. As priority lines in restructuring the article proposes adoption of the federal law about regional development securing the real status of institutions on in-regional level; drastic change in inter-budget relations to raise region independence and restore on the federal level the common center of responsibility for coordination of spatial policy. The research contributed to the discussion about the necessity to elaborate complex strategy of federative relations and showed that without such a document and re-distribution of real power and resources any spatial strategy will not be able to resolve key institutional paradoxes.
Modernization of cadastral systems is a continuous process that corresponds to dynamic changes in society and technology. Studying international experience allows us to identify promising areas of development and implementation of innovative solutions in the field of land cadastre. Particular attention is paid to the issues of integrating cadastral systems with other information resources and ensuring the accuracy of geospatial data. This article presents a comparative analysis of the cadastral systems in Ukraine and Switzerland to identify opportunities for improving the Ukrainian land cadastre. The study examines the legal framework, functional purpose, technical characteristics, and financing aspects of both systems. Based on an analysis of Swiss experience, recommendations for modernizing Ukraine’s cadastral system are proposed, including the implementation of decentralized management elements, enhancement of technical infrastructure, and optimization of the financial model. The research highlights the fundamental differences in the cadastral structures of both countries. The Swiss cadastre operates as a decentralized system with significant regional autonomy, ensuring high data accuracy and integration with various geospatial resources. Meanwhile, the Ukrainian cadastral system follows a centralized model, which facilitates uniformity in land registration but faces challenges in data updating and interregional cooperation. The study underscores the importance of implementing 3D cadastres, improving the accessibility of cadastral data, and integrating public-law restrictions into the system, as exemplified by Switzerland. The financial mechanisms supporting the Swiss cadastre are analyzed, emphasizing the advantages of a mixed funding model that combines public financing with elements of self-sufficiency. In contrast, Ukraine relies primarily on state funding, which limits its ability to introduce innovative solutions. The article suggests that adapting Switzerland’s financing approach could improve the efficiency and sustainability of Ukraine’s cadastral system. The study concludes that adopting best practices from Switzerland – such as a more flexible regulatory framework, enhanced geospatial data integration, and diversified financial support – can significantly contribute to the modernization of Ukraine’s land cadastre. Implementing these measures will enhance transparency, facilitate more efficient land management, and improve the overall quality of cadastral services.
Aaryan Patel, Ahmed Hamzah, Manasvi More, Mohit Panchariya
The Land Registration system is a very crucial and valuable system for Indian citizens. The existing system is having a lot of issues be it technical or non-technical. These issues concern the Indian citizens. It could cause harm to the Indian economy as well due to the issues like fraud, corruption, etc. A new look of the system has to come to light to provide better features such as safety, reliability, efficiency to the people. Blockchain technology is a blessing in disguise. Its principles help in safeguarding the property rights of Indian citizens. Our decentralized application will act as a replacement to the current paper system to avoid involvement of brokers and other intermediaries.
Blockchain technology currently occupies one of the central places in the economy and business; it has the potential to create new foundations for existing economic systems. For this reason there is a huge interest in studying the use of distributed ledger technology in the legal literature. However, at the same time it is necessary to note that this topic is understudied, which is due to this phenomenon's novelty. The relevance of the research topic is determined by the need to analyze in a holistic way the definitions of the concept of distributed ledger technology (blockchain), features of using the blockchain technology. The need for such research is due to the absence of a comprehensive legal regulation for the use of distributed ledger technology in the securities market. In this article the concept of blockchain technology is considered, features of its use are highlighted. It is concluded that blockchain technology can be selected for the use in the securities market, including when placing securities, conducting transactions with securities and carrying out accounting activities in the securities market, in organizing trading of financial assets and services.
Maxim Eugenyevich Demenkov, Ekaterina A. Demenkova, Svetlana Andreevna Shishmanova
The article highlights the approach to processing landed property data based on Blockchain technology and Ethereum platform, which allows the transparent, decentralized and highly reliable system for network users with restricted access to personal data. A review of the platforms for creating decentralized online services has been performed; their advantages and disadvantages considered. The inventory of the fields required for work with the landed property. There have been selected tools for working with Ethereum platform: browser Mist and the high-level language Solidity. To facilitate working with the inventory there were created a site with a map based on SharePoint platform and integrated using API Yandex.map. Peculiarity of the system under consideration is the need for trust between the participants who add data to the inventory. It has been proposed to use either a system based on a credible exchange of certificates, as they provide the high level of personal data security and have a service life, i.e. they are active only for one session, or a system of criteria for calculating the combined trust and assigning it to another person. Emphasis is made on the need to take into account the context of collaboration and shared services in trust management. The use of Blockchain technology for solving a practical task, namely, processing and storing spatial data on landed property, is an efficient way to store data, which will ensure the data relevance and reliability, as well as reduce their loss
The comparative characteristic of consensus algorithms in distributed ledgers based on different technologies such as blockchain and directed acyclic graph is given in the article. Advantages and disadvantages of GHOST, Tangle and Hashgraph consensus algorithms are given, as well as recommendations of optimal variant selection.
The key features of the blockchain databases, such as decentralization, distribution, security, and record of the history of all transactions, create significant prospects for their application in the field of cadastre and real estate registration activities, including creation of the global real estate cadastre infrastructure, which will be able to go beyond national legal systems and jurisdictions. The conceptual approach to registration of land plots as spatial objects using blockchain technology is proposed. The land plot should be considered as a combination of smart contracts between landowners, surveyors, appraisers, notaries and other persons. The subject of such contracts will be the description and establishment of spatial (plot boundaries, territorial zones, etc.) and other (property rights and encumbrances, monetary valuation, soil bonitet, etc.) characteristics of land plots. The classification of such smart contracts reliability is also presented.
The real estate market is influenced by the global growth trends, such as the growth of the transaction costs and new technologies of the fourth industrial revolution. The types of the transaction costs of the real estate market are analyzed in the paper. The characteristics of the blockchain as a new information technology that allows reducing transaction costs are considered. The essence of the blockchain as a value-communication technology that allows transferring not only information, but also value using mobile networks and the Internet, is substantiated. The types and classification of the blockchains are considered. The directions of real estate transformation on the basis of introduction of the blockchain technologies are shown. Some unresolved issues, as well as the dangers and challenges of the development of the blockchain technologies, are indicated in this article.
C. Lemmen, P. Knight, B. Beentjes, Jeroen van der Ham · 8 authors
Land and its administration are always negatively affected during conflicts and in post-conflict contexts.This has been confirmed both in the literature and in practice.This research has shown that if land and its administration are neglected or not properly addressed after the end of a conflict, they can be a cause for a renewed armed conflict and an obstacle in the rebuilding of a post-conflict society.The author's initial research on the topic revealed that there is a relation between land administration and post-conflict state building.Therefore, the main research objective was to identify which interventions in land administration and under which circumstances facilitate postconflict state building.In order to achieve the main research objective, a qualitative research approach with a fieldwork was applied on two main case studies: Kosovo and Rwanda.Findings from the main case studies were supported with three supportive case studies: Mozambique, Cambodia and Timor-Leste, by collecting data from the literature.Empirical data and literature were used to set the theoretical propositions as: (1) a framework for rebuilding post-conflict states, and (2) interventions in land administration for post-conflict state building.For the final discussions and for the analytical generalisation correlating analyses were performed in a three-dimensional matrix, where the theoretical propositions (1) and (2) formed a skeleton of the matrix and empirical data from the main case studies constitutes the third dimension.The research first derived general findings on land, conflict and post-conflict contexts and, finally, specific findings were presented as in the framework for rebuilding post-conflict states grouped as: institutional weaknesses, economic and social problems, and serious security problems.Main findings from this research lead to conclusion that the identified interventions in land administration can be seen as facilitators of post-conflict state building.
The article deals with the main problems of financing current expenses on environmental protection. The main trends of current expenses on environmental protection have been analyzed. The priority directions to increase the amount of financing current expenses on environmental protection under the conditions of power decentralization and local governance reform have been revealed.