NFT (Non-Fungible Token) has considerable potential in the field of intellectual property. It can not only improve the efficiency of copyright registration but also promote the improvement of transaction transparency and liquidity. However, existing copyright protection schemes of NFT image relied on the NFTs itself minted by third-party platforms. Also, the widespread use of NFTs has introduced new complexities to copyright protection due to their unique nature. Therefore, we have proposed a multi-layered blockchain security framework to resolve security vulnerabilities by protecting users from threats such as illegal copying, intellectual property rights infringement, and malware infection that may occur during the process of acquiring NFT assets through analysis of smart contracts, metadata, and digital assets that constitute NFTs.
Castillo Rey A., M Ganapathy Ramu, T. S., Petra Carolline Putri S ยท 7 authors
Several industries, among them agriculture, have shown interest in distributed ledger technology (DLT).The researchers explore how DLT can be used in agriculture, with a focus on its potential to disrupt supply chain management and enhance transparency.Furthermore, DLT has the possibility of greatly improving agriculture through addressing issues such as traceability, origin, and information sharing.The implementation of DLT will allow every player along the entire agricultural supply chain, such as farmers, producers, distributors, retailers, and consumers, to possess clear, immutable records about each transaction while promoting accountability and confidence in the market.The study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method.The results of the systematic review shown in this paper suggest that DLT has the potential to revolutionize the agricultural sector by providing a secure and transparent system of data storage and sharing.However, the current literature is limited, and further research is needed in order to fully understand the implications of DLT in agriculture.Overall, the blockchain appears to be a very useful DLT in cacao traceability, and it is a means of reducing fraud and errors in the supply chain in the near future, thereby increasing quality and safety.
Under the goal of peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality in China, reliable carbon emissions in industrial parks have become a key focus of monitoring and calculation. There are still doubts about the authenticity of uploaded information, cumbersome data accounting processes, and difficulties in storing and tracing data in current carbon emission monitoring. This article constructs a trustworthy blockchain-based monitoring model for park carbon emissions. The model considers the business characteristics of park carbon emissions, uses blockchain distributed ledger as the underlying architecture, designs a key data trustworthy storage mechanism, and realizes online verification, accounting, and warning of carbon emissions indicators considering user green electricity consumption through smart contracts. The model builds a blockchain-based trusted monitoring platform for carbon emissions through the linkage mechanism of underlying trusted technology, distributed storage technology, and smart contract optimization, achieving efficient, transparent, and traceable dynamic monitoring of carbon emission data.
Energy and Environmental Systems
Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions
Smart homes with IoT and cloud integration have many security challenges and scalability issues. The reason behind security issues is that the environment is distributed in nature and thousands of devices may participate in the network. When any device is compromised or when security credentials are stolen, the whole system will be exposed to security risks. The existing solutions to the problem of security in smart homes are not scalable and they do have loopholes like lack of standards, prone to DDoS attacks and other attacks. They are not able to provide end-to-end solutions to the transactions in IoT-enabled smart homes. There is a need for end-to-end security in such systems. Since blockchain is the distributed ledger of transactions that is accessible to all legitimate devices, it can help devices to be smart enough to prevent any security attacks. In other words, the smart home with all its participating devices and data are protected with blockchain technology integration. This chapter presents the design and implementation of an IoT-enabled smart home system with blockchain technology for end-to-end security, irrespective of the make and platform of applications and devices that participate in distributed computing. It presents experimental results in terms of latency for block creation and data retrieval.
Theme, background and signal music is the music inserted into broadcasting contents of a broadcaster, and is recognized as a created content like normal music. Since there are lyricists and composers who have the rights of music, the copyright fee is distributed. However, there often occur problems with inaccurate monitoring results for theme, background and signal music usage due to the omission of usage details and non-transparent settlement method. In this paper, we propose a method of generating music usage monitoring information based on a blockchain, on which the usage information of music source is recorded by the usage monitoring tool based on the feature-based filtering technology of monitoring organizations. The framework proposed in this paper includes a blockchain network structure, a series of transaction procedures in which the theme, background and signal music usage history is stored and the recorded data format in the blockchain ledger. In the proposed framework, accurate music usage details can be created, details are stored in blocks without changes or omissions, and eventually transparent settlement and distribution are possible by processing smart contract, instead of previous non-transparent settlement practice.
In this study, future cars are attempting self-driving around the world. However, hacking, such as ECUs in automobiles, creates problems that are directly connected to human life. Therefore, this study wrote a paper that detects anomalies in such cars by field. As a related study, the study investigated the vulnerabilities of the automobile security committee and automobile security standards and investigated the detection of abnormalities in the hacking of geo-train cars using artificial intelligenceโs LSTM and blockchain consensus algorithm. In addition, in automobile security, an algorithm was studied to predict normal and abnormal values using LSTM-based anomaly detection techniques on the premise that automobile communication networks are largely divided into internal and external networks. In the methodology, LSTMโs pure propagation malicious code detection technique was used, and it worked with an artificial intelligence consensus algorithm to increase security. In addition, Unity ML conducted an experiment by constructing a virtual environment using the Beta version. The LSTM blockchain consensus node network was composed of 50,000 processes to compare performance. For the first time, 100 Grouped Tx, 500 Channels were tested for performance. For the first time, the malicious code detection rate of the existing system was verified. Accelerator, Multichannel, Sharding, Raiden, Plasma, and Trubit values were verified, and values of approximately 15,000 to 50,000 were obtained. In this paper, we studied to become a paper of great significance on hacking that threatens human life with the development of self-driving cars in the future.
The smart city is aiming for an intelligent connected society beyond the concept of U-City with simple ICT. In particular, the rapid development of information and communications, such as 5G, and blockchain, has led to a paradigm shift to a new digital urban environment. As smart energy and smart transportation are integrated or interlocked, the technical and institutional arrangement should be preceded from the time of user authentication to provide reliability, transparency, and efficiency. For this purpose, this study aims to investigate the technical and institutional plans for the implementation of safe urban life utilizing blockchain technology. In order to apply smart city services using block-chain technology, it is necessary to fully agree and practice among various stakeholders such as public, business, academia, and civic groups. It is expected to be implemented as a people-centered smart city by gradually applying the block chain-based pilot service, which is made and participated together.
The conventional electric power system is a unidirectional configuration that delivers electricity to the consumer in the power plant, but as the prosumers emerges, microgrid technology that enables bi-directional configuration has been developed. By applying the data distribution processing technology called the blockchain to the microgrid, time and cost can be saved compared with the conventional microgrid system. Through the related research, we analyze the structure of the microgrid and the utilization of the blockchain, study the pros and cons of applying the public blockchain and the private (consortium) blockchain, and propose the possible scenarios.
Caching and Content Delivery
Energy and Environmental Systems
Internet of Things and Social Network Interactions
This thesis is divided into eight sections that contextualize and illustrate the market potential for commercial PPA solar leasing on mid-sized commercial roofs in the US.First, a discussion of the drawbacks from fossil fuel reliance reveals the benefits of solar energy.The second section explains the photovoltaic effect and the process through which sunlight is converted to electricity.From that foundation, the theoretical solar dependence in the US is then contrasted with current energy consumption.The disparity shown to be the result of such large-scale challenges as the reliance on peak power plants, unavoidable heat losses and other problems stemming from the lack of a decentralized grid infrastructure.By factoring in these challenges, a commercialization strategy for mid-sized commercial photovoltaics business is realized, which logically leads to a discussion of the cost trends of photovoltaic modules and parts.Understanding costs gives rise to an examination of potential pricing options in the following section, along with breakeven analyses.Lastly, a discussion of the developments of the solar industry shows that traditional silicon wafer cells are the least expensive and most efficient technology available, and that a hypothetical company serving enterprise-class data centers in the state Ohio will break even in 9 years with optimal debt financing.
The gap between Seoul metropolis and the local satellites has been widening in Korea. The crisis of the regional economies is mainly due to the super-centralization of politics, economy, and the culture. The lack of the ability to innovate in the regions is another important factor. Therefore the way out of the crisis is decentralization and regional innovation. Decentralization involves deconcentration, devolution, and local autonomy in the fields of economic activities, administration, public finance, and education & culture. Regional innovation involves establishing the regional innovation system, educational innovation, culture innovation, and political innovation. Without decentralization, regional innovation would be impossible. As a democratic alternative, 'decentralization and regional innovation' is a new vision of the regional development in Korea. It's vision coincides with those of endogenous development strategy, people-centred development strategy, and post-fordist development model. The philosophical base of 'decentralization and regional innovation' should be self-determination and self-management. We must pursue the policy of decentralization and regional innovation directed toward progressive values of participation, solidarity, and ecology. Against the market-oriented decentralization we should move toward a community-oriented decentralization. The core elements of alternative development model in the 21st century might be decentralization, innovation, participation, solidarity, and ecology.