Canonical reference map for the PRE-GHR publication series. Records every record in the series with its concept DOI, version history, and relational links; declares numbering conventions and known gaps; establishes citation and versioning standards. This map is itself a PRE-GHR series record. v33 (2026-08-28). Two changes. 1. PRE-GHR XXXIX v5.0 registered (version DOI 10.5281/zenodo.22145426; concept DOI 10.5281/zenodo.21889278 unchanged). v5.0 is the release version closing all six objections of an adversarial pre-submission review, one revision ticket each: Theorem 4 unilateralized with the converse demoted to an observation under an explicit complete-erasure assumption (R01); ledger counts restricted to lower witnesses, the ordering claim made conditional on a fixed normalization and full retention (R02); an explicit two-sided finite-sample bound replacing an expectation-only argument (R03); four empirical mappings corrected — schema-field disjointness separated from retained-trace intersection, join error reported two-sided with the earlier “directionally safe, never over-counting” claim withdrawn, overlap-error direction governed by an error budget, retention ratio restated in matched units (R04); measure-relative notation throughout (R05); subject classification reassessed and Related Work rebuilt (R06). This is the first subject-classification reversal recorded in this map: cs.MA is withdrawn as unsupported by the technical content — the formalism contains no agent population, strategic interaction, or equilibrium claim — and replaced by cs.CR primary with a cs.DB cross-list; Related Work now separates the lineage the paper inherits from (linked timestamping and distributed witnesses, split-view detection and the undefined gossip layer, existence-not-authenticity timestamping, provenance and lineage, record linkage, trace semantics, measure and order) from adjacent recent lines cited for comparison only, assigning priority to the sources where the paper's constructions proved to be rediscoveries. Two gaps are declared inherited rather than closed: the hash-chain anchor has no consistency-proof comparison mechanism, and the anchor-propagation layer is undefined in the source standard as well. 2. The AI-collaboration attribution note (drafted 2026-08-20, previously unpublished as a local v32.1 revision) is merged into this version. It records that papers in the series are drafted with AI assistance, that the author block is platform-plus-model double-written from XL v1.3 onward, and how the platform-only author line of earlier versions is to be read. On merge, the coverage clause of the writing-model statement was narrowed under red-pen review (2026-08-28): the claim's width is aligned to the strength of its evidence. The complement of the recorded provider-fallback events establishes that no fallback leg entered a paper-writing session; it does not establish per-paper model attribution for the entire series. The statement is therefore scoped to the drafting sessions of the pre-v1.3 papers named in the per-paper note, and the narrowing itself is recorded in the revision history so that the difference between the unpublished local note and this published version is auditable. Delivery-fingerprint discipline updated this day. A PDF's md5 is a build-instance fingerprint, not a content fingerprint: pdflatex writes /CreationDate and /ID on every build, so the same source compiled twice differs in md5 while the typeset content is identical (measured: 68 differing bytes, all inside that region). Deliverables in this series now carry file md5, a content fingerprint with the extractor and version named, page count and byte count, produced under a reproducible build with the embedded date pinned. Record count unchanged: 39 records (27 series-internal).
The diverse potential applications of blockchain technology, or so-called universality, can actually bring fear and a sense of loss to many. This study attributes this to legal uncertainty. For example, while the experience of “The DAO” incident demonstrated the complexity and risks of distributed ledger technology (DLT) and tokens, the potential and legal implications of decentralized and decentralized organizations remain unclear. This has raised serious questions about the future. To analyze the issues, assess applicability, and explore legal directions, it is crucial to understand the technical aspects. First and foremost, it is crucial to understand and examine the structural and operational legal issues surrounding DAOS, establish their legal status, and establish legal regulations.<br/> With this understanding, this study aims to address the following key issues: von Gier) and how it can be viewed from the perspective of corporate law. ii) To conduct a broad comparative legal review, we first analyze the enactment of the DAO Act in Wyoming, USA. This will be followed by a comparative study of other representative legislative examples actively utilizing DAOS. iii) We examine effective legal regulations, including those related to operational management and legal acts, to eliminate legal uncertainties that may arise during the process of establishment, operation, and dissolution of corporations and organizations. iv) As mentioned above, we aim to structure the discussion around corporate law from a macroscopic perspective.<br/> Specific details include the rights and obligations of the parties, various situations related to compensation in the event of damages, matters related to proof of breach of rights and obligations, and the subject and scope of liability. This model also provides a framework for preparing for situations where a legislative vacuum may arise before the law is enacted.
The rule of law is a critical support for the national governance system and governance capacity. The legalization of public finance construction is the foundation for achieving fiscal fairness, efficiency, and justice, promoting the rational allocation of social resources, maintaining social stability, and promoting sustainable economic growth. It is of great significance for building a rule of law government and improving modern budget systems. The legalization of public finance construction should follow the principles of fairness and justice, rule of law governance, and transparency, providing strong institutional guarantees for the sustainable development of public finance. This study takes public finance construction as the research object and focuses on the rule of law principles and practical paths of public finance construction. It analyzes the rule of law principles from a theoretical perspective and proposes practical paths from a practical perspective. At present, the decentralization of budget preparation entities, chaotic internal relationships within administrative institutions, and slow progress in the rule of law are all practical problems that plague the construction of public finance in accordance with the rule of law. In response to these issues, research explores and proposes a series of specific strategies to promote the legalization of public finance from the dimensions of establishing the principle of rule of law, improving the legal system framework, optimizing law enforcement operation mechanisms, and strengthening the supervision system, to provide theoretical support and practical basis for the reform of China's public finance system.
This research investigates privacy protection mechanisms and data security policy optimization for blockchain-based digital rights management platforms to balance transparency with robust privacy protection. A comprehensive experimental framework was developed, integrating advanced cryptographic techniques with intelligent policy management systems. A multi-layered validation methodology employed formal verification, black-box/white-box testing, and stress tests to validate performance across security, efficiency, and usability dimensions. The implemented solution provided 99.99% security assurance while achieving a 47% improvement in processing efficiency through zero-knowledge proofs and homomorphic encryption. Transaction processing reached 3,750 TPS (peaking at 4,200 TPS), with 99.8% regulatory compliance and 99.9% automated policy conflict resolution. The research demonstrates significant advancements in blockchain-based privacy protection through novel cryptographic implementation and automated policy management, establishing a robust framework for secure digital rights management. This solution offers substantial value for content delivery networks, digital asset management systems, financial institutions, and government services where the balance between transparency and privacy is critical, while reducing compliance management costs.
This review paper presents an examination of Blockchain and Smart Contract platforms focusing on their uses in various industries and addressing their implementation challenges. A notable gap exists in current literature: there is no comprehensive review that encompasses blockchain applications, implementation challenges, smart contract development platforms, and publication trends. Our quantitative analysis of publication trends, examining 9,288 papers from IEEE Xplore and Springer databases between 2019 and 2024, provides insights into the trajectory of blockchain research across sectors. It examines platforms like Ethereum, which enables decentralized application development but faces scalability constraints, and Hyperledger Fabric, which offers robust enterprise solutions. The research explores how blockchain revolutionizes industries including healthcare through secure patient data management, supply chain through enhanced traceability, and education through verifiable credentials. This review synthesizes current trends in blockchain platforms and implementation challenges across diverse industries.
在社交媒体营销蓬勃发展的当下，社群经济作为一种新的商业模式正在受到企业的重视，小红书以“种草”模式成为极具影响力的社群营销平台。本研究以新4C理论为基础，深入剖析小红书“种草”社群营销策略。研究发现，小红书通过构建符号化场景、输出情感化内容、打造圈层化社群以及实现社交货币驱动的连接，形成独特营销模式。然而，目前存在场景失真、价值稀释、社群区隔和信任消解等问题。为实现范式升维，需构建真实性符号认证体系、植入信息熵平衡评估模型、建立赋权机制以及推动DAO协同生产范式转型。本研究旨在为小红书及相关从业者提供理论与实践指导，助力提升营销效果，推动行业健康发展。In the booming era of social media marketing, community economy, as an emerging business model, is gaining increasing attention from enterprises. rednote has become an influential community marketing platform with its “seed-planting” model. Based on the new 4C theory, this study delves into rednote’s “seed-planting” community marketing strategy. It is found that rednote has developed a unique marketing model by constructing symbolic scenarios, delivering emotional content, creating community circles, and establishing connections driven by social currency. However, there are existing problems such as scene distortion, value dilution, community segregation, and trust erosion. To achieve paradigm upgrading, it is necessary to build a realness symbol certification system, embed an information entropy balance evaluation model, establish an empowerment mechanism, and promote the transformation to a DAO (Decentralized Autonomous Organization) collaborative production paradigm. This study aims to provide theoretical and practical guidance for rednote and relevant practitioners, helping to enhance marketing effectiveness and promote the healthy development of the industry.
In the digital age, information security is crucial. Zero knowledge proof, as an innovative cryptographic technique, can effectively prove the authenticity of information without revealing the information itself. This article delves into the application of zero knowledge proof methods in information security systems, analyzing their principles, advantages, challenges, and future development trends, providing theoretical support and practical references for research and practice in the field of information security.
In order to examine the change of the police organization in Korea, we analyzed the factors that influenced the change of the system by dividing it into the structural context, the institutional context, and the actor context from the historical institutionalist integrated perspective. Based on the rapid enactment of the police, the analysis was conducted from the U.S. Military Government Department of Police Affairs to the current National Police Agency where the autonomous police system is being implemented. From 1945 to 1948, in a short period of three years, it changed from the US Military Government Department of Police Affairs to the Ministry of Police Affairs, and after the establishment of the government, the police organization changed to the Security Bureau. It can be seen as a result of reflecting the chaotic situation of the times after the Japanese colonial period, and the change of the police organization in this period is a result of reflecting the policies and ideologies of the US military government that wants South Korea's rapid stability and recovery. The change of the police organization from the police station to the police station was influenced by the structural context and institutional context such as political ideology, anti-communism, economic factors, and war. The change from the Security Bureau to the Security Headquarters was a historical inflection point in 1974, and the political element of the military regime continued and the anti-communist ideology emphasized economic development and did not lead to substantial institutional change. In 1991, the security headquarters changed to the National Police Agency, and the police committee was established in 1987 when the democratization movement became a historical inflection point. It is noteworthy that there was a change in the democratic police system and the influence of actors who wanted to neutralize the police. The autonomous police system was implemented in 2021 while maintaining the organization of the police agency. The historical inflection point of the change of the autonomous police system was the reform of the power institutions such as the prosecution, and the democratic ideology of the local autonomy and decentralization in the institutional context and the elements of the actor context did not affect the institutional change. The change of the police organization after the police bureau was found to be strongly influenced by the political elements of the structural context. In the future, the change of the police organization, such as the development of the autonomous police system, should reflect the institutional context such as the democratic ideology and the context of the actors such as citizens and frontline police officers.
The central-regional relationship is a crucial factor in determining the performance of local financial regulation in China at the institutional level. Centralized decentralization, local competition and financial system reforms have constituted behavioral constraints on central financial regulators and have forged the increasing shape of local finance and its regulation. However, the central and local parties have different perceptions and demands for the financial industry and its regulation, and the “imbalance in central-regional relations” at the levels of allocation of regulatory legislative power, distribution of regulatory power and responsibility, handling of problematic financial organizations. In addition, provision of public products for financial regulation has become the root cause of many accumulated shortcomings in the practice of local financial regulation. The concept of “collaborative central-regional governance” should be taken as the concept of the rule of law construction for local financial supervision, and a professional committee should be set up under the Financial Stability and Development Committee of the State Council as the entity organization of the collaborative governance between the central government and the local government, so as to improve the definition and distribution of supervisory functions and specific supervisory powers and responsibilities between the central government and the local government. In particular, through implementing the regulatory model of “functionalism, typology and risk control” in the asset management business of local financial organizations, improving the rectification of local problematic financial organizations by taking the balance between regulation, industrial interests and consumers’ rights and interests as the core, and strengthening the infrastructure construction and public product supply of local financial regulation in the field of information and credit regulation, the concept can promote the modernization of financial governance system and governance capacity.
(1) There is a limit to the decision of maritime jurisdiction by the Constitutional Court. There is a problem of legislative formation in which the Constitutional Court determines the criteria for defining maritime jurisdiction, and it is difficult to prevent disputes in advance. And it has a fundamental limitation that the scope of the Constitutional Court's decision is limited to specific cases. Moreover, if the dispute is prolonged, the damage caused by it eventually falls to the residents. There are also limitations in the judgment of the judiciary on landfills. Its limitations are as pointed out in the text. Moreover, with our judicial system, which is resolved by case by case, it is not possible to comprehensively resolve the jurisdiction dispute in the Saemangeum area, which is likely to continue in the future. If so, judicial solutions that promote conflict and division should no longer be avoided. The profits of the Saemangeum project are not limited to one or several local governments due to the nature of the project. The profits from the Saemangeum project should be actively considered to return to the interests of the ours beyond the interests of the region and residents. (2) In order to solve the problem in the Saemangeum area, the measures proposed by the author through administrative integration or establishment of special local government can be much more economical and resident-friendly than individual jurisdiction over the newly established landfill. As a result, it can be a bright idea to connect with the national interest. The problem is the stakeholders of the present and the future. Above all, local politicians based on local politics will be the biggest obstacle. This is well illustrated by the past case of administrative integration. In the end, public opinion and residents' decision are important. If the relevant laws and regulations are well utilized, a referendum will be possible. Therefore, it is also proposed to introduce binding regulations in the Referendum Act or the Balanced Development of Autonomous Decentralization Act that prevent heads of organizations from making decisions against them on matters that have been referendum. (3) Currently, we have a serious problem of the times, the imbalance between the center and the region. The word ‘local extinction’ is no longer an unfamiliar word but a common noun in the present form. At this time, whether it is administrative integration or the establishment of a special local government, if a decision is made at the national level for the Saemangeum region, it will be an event that will mark a great milestone in Korea's administrative and local government history. I mention a few things to be particularly careful about in the debate. At the same time as the integration discussion, a discussion on the drastic transfer of state affairs should also be conducted. The success of administrative integration or special local governments depends on what duties they will perform. Therefore, in order for the Saemangeum region to enjoy both national and regional interests through administrative integration, the autonomy of major projects related to the Saemangeum region is transferred or delegated to the local government. Otherwise, the Saemangeum region is feared to become a large local government that only performs agency commissions under the direct control of another state. To ensure institutional security in this regard, it may be possible to consider enacting special laws such as the tentatively named ‘Act on Administrative Affairs performed in Saemangeum Area’ to transfer affairs to local governments or special local governments established in Saemangeum area. Of course, it is necessary to accelerate the development of office work that special local governments can carry out.
Su Jianjiang, Ji Baizhou, Zhu Lixiao, Lin Cheng · 6 authors
In order to solve the problems such as the inability to authenticate and the slow speed of authentication in the security of hydropower station end users, a distributed security authentication system based on edge computing and blockchain is designed. Utilizing the blockchain mechanism of blockchain technology to achieve secure and stable control of power grid end-user security authentication. Using the distribution characteristics of edge computing, the identity information of new devices is obtained by integrating the edge device terminals on the blockchain with the Hash distributed storage model, and the security distributed control authentication of new devices or users is realized. Upload authenticated device or user information to the core blockchain network to reduce the workload of host protocol conversion authentication and improve the speed of identity verification. The use of Proof of Stake (DPoS) consensus technology to improve the Hash model further solves the problem of the inability to continue authentication after refreshing the identity of the Hash model. Through experimental verification, the maximum error rate of the technical accounting data of the system is 0.7%, and the minimum is 0.2%. The application effect of this system is obvious.
Sung Sik Im, 호서대학교 정보보호학과 석사과정, Seo Yeon Kim, Dong Woo Kim · 7 authors
최근 개인정보 유출에 대한 사고가 빈번하게 발생함에 따라 개인정보보호에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 또한, 블록체인 기 술의 등장과 함께 블록체인을 적용한 자기주권 신원 모델에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있으며, 이를 실현하기 위해 DID에 대한 연구도 꾸준히 이루어지고 있다. 하지만 대학 내 전산시스템은 수많은 개인정보 등의 주요 정보를 저장하고 활용하지만, 중앙 화된 정보시스템을 기반으로 운영 및 관리되고 있으며, 이에 따른 개인정보 유출 사고사례도 매년 발생하고 있다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 대학 내 적용 가능한 DID 기반의 전산시스템을 제안하고 이를 구현한다. 또한, 대학 내에서의 대표적인 서비스를 설정하고 구현 시스템에서 수행한다. 제안하는 시스템은 영지식증명을 기반으로 사용자의 자기주권 신원을 보장할 수 있으며, 기존의 중앙화된 시스템에서 벗어나 안전한 대학 내 통합정보시스템을 구성할 수 있다.
The current blockchain system for cryptocurrency exchanges primarily employs elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) for generating key pairs in wallets, and elliptic curve digital signature algorithms (ECDSA) for generating signatures in transactions. Consequently, with the maturation of quantum computing technology, the current blockchain system faces the risk of quantum computing attacks. Quantum computers may potentially counterfeit signatures produced by ECDSA. Therefore, this study analyzes the vulnerabilities of the current blockchain system to quantum computing attacks and proposes a post-quantum cryptography (PQC)-based blockchain system to enhance security by addressing and improving each identified weakness. Furthermore, this study proposes PQC-based wallets and PQC-based transactions, utilizing PQC digital signature algorithms to generate PQC-based signatures for the inputs in PQC-based transactions, thereby preventing signatures from being counterfeited by quantum computing. Experimental results demonstrate that the efficiency of the Module-Lattice-Based Digital Signature Algorithm (ML-DSA), a PQC digital signature algorithm, in producing wallets, generating signatures, and verifying signatures surpasses that of ECDSA in the current blockchain system. Furthermore, the ML-DSA also exhibits a higher security level.
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that became widely known with the development of virtual currencies, and is often applied in fields such as finance, logistics, and government that require high data security. Engineering project archives belong to commercial confidential documents, and there are strict regulations for the establishment and circulation of archives. Engineering project archives are technical documents formed during engineering planning, construction, and management activities, and their authenticity and immutability are crucial. In order to address the security and credibility issues in traditional project archive management, this paper proposes a digital management solution for project archives based on blockchain and smart contract technology, which reduces the possibility of human operation in archives and aims to make the archive management process more reliable and intelligent.
In order to meet the demand for blockchain talents, this paper explores the practical teaching of blockchain technology.Taking Ethereum as the platform and combining the application of blockchain technology in the field of digital copyright protection, we guide students to conduct research projects, so that students have a deep understanding of some abstract concepts of blockchain and master the methods of blockchain development.
As technical service provider, non-fungible token (NFT) digital work trading platforms directly gain economic benefits from transactions, and thus the platform should assume higher prior censorship obligation, bounded by the obligations due to a good administrator.When NFT digital work trading platforms bear the liability for calling off infringement, in case of failing to delete the infringing works on the blockchains, and punching the address blackhole may damage the bona fide trading counterparty; the system of "infringement without bearing the liability for stopping infringement" can be introduced to balance the interests of all parties.
Exorbitant costs and extensive lead times are key concerns for transboundary payments. Transboundary deals face greater development challenges than domestic payment systems since they require a high degree of trust and include currency conversion. In this context, blockchain can successfully establish new cross-border payment services and promote cross-border commerce by employing a distributed public ledger that integrates public key encryption and peer-to-peer technology. Blockchain has got two key characteristics: distributed consensus and anonymity. By eliminating intermediaries between third-party finance agencies, it not only allows for instant payments around the clock but also contributes to mitigating the exposure to transboundary capital flows and meeting consumer needs for expedient transboundary payments and clearing services. This paper argues that while blockchain technology eliminates problems and presents effective strategies for conventional transboundary payments, it also raises many legislative and regulative issues for China. As the law itself is not yet mature, especially given the changes in international payments in the wake of the epidemic, it is worthwhile to explore the operating rationale and regulation obstacles of blockchain to the maximization of profits and minimization of risks in transborder payments by leveraging its inimitable strengths.
Blockchain provides IoT security and privacy in all industries including manufacturing, finance, healthcare, supply chain, e-governance, education, banking, and trading through decentralization, persistency, anonymity, and auditability characteristics. This paper presents the blockchain technology assimilating with other data security technologies to design a blockchain based data sharing system. Based on the design the network architecture of data sharing system, we test and analyze various processes in data sharing. To test the function and security of the system, we have built a test environment with data sharing system consisting of three blockchain nodes, four data participant nodes (three data users, one data provider), and a data-sharing system composed of CA. We developed Base App as an application provided by the data user, including addition, deletion, check modification of data in the application code for data sharing. We simulated an experiment related scenario, and then we wrote a program to generate the vehicle information data and import it into MySQL for storage. The paper has found some valuable results of functional test, system test, safety test, and performance test of the data sharing system. This system realizes the possibility of a system that can connect multiple participants and their corresponding data.
随着电子商务技术的不断发展与应用，物资的利用率却并未随之相应提高，因此带来的是大量价值的浪费与闲置。根据创建节约型社会的需要，如何有效提高物资的回收与流转尤为重要。而在传统的电子商务技术的物资回收流转中，如何解决因信息不对称带来的信任缺失问题非常困难。本文研究在小型区域的物资回收流转过程中如何通过区块链技术提高物资流转的多方信任程度从而提高物资回收流转概率和减少价值浪费，创新地使用零知识证明技术保证价值流转过程中地隐私。并且，本文在典型的小型特征区域进行基于区块链技术的高可信度物资回收流转系统的设计、实现与应用。结果表明，区块链技术在小型区域价值流转系统中构建了新的基于算法的信任机制体系，减少信息不对称带来的信任缺失问题，有效提高价值流转效率。 With the continuous development and application of e-commerce technology, the utilization rate of materials has not been correspondingly increased, so a large amount of value is wasted and idle. According to the needs of creating a conservation-minded society, how to effectively improve the recycling and circulation of materials is particularly important. However, in the material recycling and circulation of traditional e-commerce technology, it is very difficult to solve the problem of lack of trust caused by information asymmetry. This paper studies how to use blockchain technology to improve the multi-party trust of material circulation in the process of material recovery and circulation in small areas, thereby increasing the probability of material recovery and circulation and reducing value waste, innovatively use zero-knowledge proof technology to ensure wealth in the process of value transfer. In addition, this article designs, implements and applies a high-relia- bility material recovery and circulation system based on blockchain technology in a typical small characteristic area. The results show that blockchain technology builds a new algorithm-based trust mechanism system in a small regional value transfer system, reduces the lack of trust caused by information asymmetry, and effectively improves the efficiency of value transfer.
随着数字经济的不断发展，以比特币为代表的数字加密货币盛行，给相关税收征管带来了极大挑战。本文从比特币的基本原理出发，利用python还原其挖矿机制，梳理比特币的交易流程。通过比较世界其他各国对比特币属性的界定以及相关税收政策，提出我国未来关于数字货币税收征管问题的设想。 With the continuous development of the digital economy, the prevalence of digital encrypted cur-rency represented by bitcoin has brought great challenges to the relevant tax collection and man-agement. Based on the basic principle of bitcoin, this paper uses python to restore its mining mechanism and combs the trading process of bitcoin. By comparing the definition of Bitcoin attrib-ute and related tax policies in other countries in the world, this paper puts forward the assumption of tax collection and management of digital currency in the future.
Bitcoin is considered a cryptocurrency and a digital currency, the two most notable characteristics are decentralization and anonymity. Bitcoin has a variety of properties. It could play not only the currency function but also have certain commodity property. To some extent, it can also be seen as an alternative investment option. The price of Bitcoin has stayed at a high level since 2021, but with greater volatility and more obvious amplitude than before. With the risk and potential problems of Bitcoin, the possibility of whether Bitcoin would lead to a big bubble in the financial market has increased. Although the legal status of Bitcoin is varying and having unclear or constantly changing definitions in different countries, the government is strengthening supervision and regulation over digital currency and planning to issue state-controlled currency, which would narrow the space for Bitcoin. Therefore, the possibility that Bitcoin will end up in a bubble is growing. At the same time, it is becoming increasingly clear that Bitcoin would not eventually gain legal tender status, driven by a combination of government denial and a lack of real value.