Satyam Prakash Srivastava, Rupa Khanna Malhotra, Priyanshu Sagar
The blockchain technology in the banking sector is a decentralized ledger system and has been more commonly known by it being the basis of cryptocurrencies, such as Bitcoin. However, blockchain is to Bitcoin, as email is to internet; the possible areas of examination with the use of blockchain technology are gigantic. One of such areas is the banking sector, which has certain ambiguities, which needs to be spoken about proximately, such as the lack of distinct accountability, disorganization in deliverance on time, deficiency of transparency, and “too big to operate effectively” kind of attitude. This research work is based on the careful exploration, examination, and evaluation of the possible methods of applying blockchain technology in the banking sector.
It has been set out to explore how the digital revolution and the rise of Fintech are fundamentally changing the way global trade routes are managed. The goal is to see if these new tools could fix the old headaches of international trade—think sky-high costs, shadowy processes, and constant security worries—and replace them with supply chains that actually work better, stay safe, and respect the planet. Instead of just looking at numbers, we took a deep dive into qualitative insights by combing through academic papers, latest industry trends, and real-world case studies. It is paid close attention to the heavy hitters: blockchain, smart contracts, digital payments, and AI-powered logistics. To make it practical, we looked at how these technologies are performing in the real world across vital trade links like the Black Sea, the Middle Corridor, and the New Silk Road. The result of the paper is to going digital makes everything smoother. It cuts down waiting times, handles boring paperwork automatically, and finally lets everyone see what’s happening in the supply chain in real-time. It was also found that Fintech is a game-changer for smaller businesses (SMEs) and developing areas, giving them a seat at the global trade table for the first time. That said, it’s not all smooth sailing; we still have to deal with patchy internet, messy regulations, cyber threats, and a serious lack of people who know how to run these systems. Digital tools and Fintech aren't just minor upgrades; they are revolutionary for trade management. But, to make it work, governments and private companies need to start rowing in the same direction. We need smart investments in better internet for everyone, global rules that actually match up, tighter security, and training programs that prepare people for the jobs of tomorrow. We wrap up the paper with a roadmap for leaders and businesses to help them make this transition without getting left behind.
This study explores the impact of digital payment adoption and blockchain-based supply chains on the integration of street vendors from Delhi-NCR into global e-commerce. The goal is to examine the potential of digital technologies in supporting business transition and socioeconomic improvement for informal-sector vendors. A mixed-method research design was employed, involving purposive sampling of 250 street vendors engaged in digital payment ecosystems. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) was used to examine hypothesized relationships between digital adoption, business transition, and socioeconomic outcomes. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) addressed multicollinearity, and non-linear predictive relationships were analysed using Random Forest modelling. The findings reveal that digital adoption has a significant impact on business transition ( β = 0.64, p < 0.001), which, in turn, has a strong impact on socioeconomic upliftment ( β = 0.58, p < 0.001). Digital adoption also has a direct impact on socioeconomic outcomes that is positive but smaller ( β = 0.21, p = 0.033), suggesting partial mediation. Measurement reliability, validity, and predictive relevance were confirmed through structural model assessments. Digital payments have a limited direct impact on international trade, although they enable vendor inclusion and business transformation. By contrast, blockchain-based supply chain factors greatly enhance the efficiency of logistics, transparency, and supply chain-related performance. The study finds no direct income effects of digital technologies; instead, empowerment operates through entrepreneurial transition. The findings illustrate the need to go beyond financial inclusion and technological infrastructure to ensure the dynamic participation of the informal sector in global markets.
This study investigates the moderating role of blockchain traceability adoption in enhancing consumer engagement and purchase intention within live-streaming agricultural e-commerce platforms in China. Drawing upon the Stimulus-Organism-Response (S-O-R) framework operationalized at the aggregate market level and information asymmetry theory, this research employs longitudinal market-level time-series data spanning 2019 to 2024, utilizing hierarchical regression analysis with Hayes's conditional process framework to examine main effects, mediation mechanisms, and moderation relationships. The empirical findings reveal that platform development and information transparency exert significant positive effects on market purchase behavior, with consumer engagement serving as a partial mediating mechanism transmitting these effects. The moderation analysis demonstrates that blockchain traceability adoption significantly strengthens the relationships between platform stimuli and consumer engagement, with the information transparency pathway exhibiting substantially stronger moderation effects than the platform development pathway, demonstrating that blockchain technology functions as a selective trust-enhancing mechanism that validates quality signals rather than operating as a general platform enhancer—a distinction representing the central empirical contribution of this study. These findings extend the traditional S-O-R framework by incorporating technological infrastructure as a boundary condition shaping stimulus effectiveness at the market level, while providing practical guidance for platform operators and policymakers to prioritize blockchain traceability infrastructure investment in conjunction with transparency enhancement initiatives for promoting high-quality development of agricultural live streaming e-commerce.
The application of blockchain technology in streamlining cross border trade is quite pertinent within the African context, due to the underlying border delays and cumbersome documentation processes. This exploratory research focuses on examining, through case studies, how ten African nations have been applying blockchain technology in comparison to their BRICS counterpart. The study further examines the significance of blockchain technology in streamlining cross-border trade and rules of origin documentation within the context of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA). The following nations, such as Egypt, Tunisia, South Africa, Botswana, Mauritius, Rwanda, Ethiopia, Kenya, Nigeria, and Ghana, were selected because they are actively participating in the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA)'s Guided Trade Initiative (GTI). The other aspect of this research examines the significance of the deployment of distributed ledger technology in BRICS. The significance of this study is to glean lessons from BRICS on the adoption of BCT. Critical realism is the philosophical underpinning of the research. This study applies the inductive approach, qualitative research design, and a case study research strategy. By examining existing case studies of blockchain applications in these selected African and BRICS nations, key lessons are learnt to enhance policy formulation. The result of this research is to enhance policy development on adoption of Block chain technology to build intra-African trade.
Agnes Nalini Vincent, Nassirah Laloo, Mohammad Sameer Sunhaloo, Uhoze Bagurubumwe
Digital elevation model (DEM)-based terrain analysis is an important geographic information system (GIS) methodology that serves as the core aspect for spatial analysis applications in geomorphological studies. These analyses can be performed using cloud-based platforms like Google Earth Engines or ArcGIS online, or using a local GIS platform called quantum GIS (QGIS). The resulting terrain data must be disseminated. Geospatial data sharing and dissemination are crucial for promoting cooperation, effectiveness, efficiency, and optimized decision-making in a variety of industries. Geospatial terrain data plays a crucial role in site selection and industrial planning, automated logistics, autonomous vehicle navigation, and infrastructure resilience in manufacturing ecosystems. However, existing literature states that traditional systems lack mechanisms to detect tampering in elevation models, land surveys, or hydrological data. Because of this, manufacturing systems face risks such as flawed factory site selection, disrupted supply routes, or unsafe autonomous vehicle navigation, data tampering in production logs, 278 counterfeit parts in supply chains, and a lack of real-time traceability. Hence, to manage the limitations of conventional terrain data storage and handling, this study proposes a blockchain-based framework to secure QGIS-processed terrain data, ensuring immutability and traceability for smart manufacturing applications. Blockchain distributed ledgers can permanently store high-resolution terrain data, minimize the chance of unintended alterations, and promote transparent, unrestricted collaboration. Using the country of the Republic of Mauritius as a case study toward tropical island states, this work demonstrated how elevation, slope, and aspect data extracted via QGIS can be securely stored and verified on a distributed ledger. Furthermore, this study incorporates an integration layer into the framework. The purpose of this integration layer is to enable real-time terrain alerts, smart contract-driven compliance checks, and to arrive at closed-loop feedback from IoT sensors. Thus, this proposed framework bridges blockchain-secured terrain data with manufacturing execution systems (MES) and IoT-enabled logistics networks.
Ensuring transparency and traceability in horticultural supply chains is difficult due to complex logistics, seasonal variability, and multiple intermediaries.We propose a framework that couples b-local irregular vertex coloring (b-LIVC) with a blockchain architecture to enable end-to-end verification of production and trade.On the Jember Regency subdistrict graph, we compute the b-local irregular chromatic number and obtain χ b-lis (J) = 6, yielding six planting color classes that schedule sowing and harvests to distribute output across the year.The local irregularity induces distinct neighborhood weights, which we use as cryptographic features for unique, verifiable batch identifiers.We implement the pipeline on a public blockchain: harvest lots are tokenized as video NFTs with QR links to a verification page and on-chain records.The integration of discrete mathematics and distributed ledgers provides auditable provenance and transaction history, practical scheduling that reduces harvest clustering, and a low-overhead mechanism for farmer-level transparency.
This study investigates critical success factors crucial for the effective implementation of blockchain-based smart contracts in supply chain management. Through qualitative content analysis of expert interviews, diverse perspectives from industry professionals and blockchain technologists were synthesized. The findings emphasize critical dimensions such as technological infrastructure, stakeholder collaboration, regulatory compliance, data privacy, security, organizational culture, and change management. These factors collectively form a comprehensive framework essential for successful adoption. This research offers valuable guidance for organizations aiming to integrate blockchain-based smart contracts into supply chain operations. The insights derived from eight expert interviews provide strategic direction for practitioners, policymakers, and academics navigating the complexities of blockchain and smart contract technology in supply chain ecosystems.
INTRODUCTION:The distributed digital economy, characterized by decentralization and cross-entity data flow, improves factor allocation efficiency but increasingly raises concerns over data security and privacy abuse. OBJECTIVES: Unlike the conventional digital economy, which often centers on centralized platforms (e.g., e-commerce, cloud computing), the distributed digital economy in this paper specifically refers to an economic system where data—as a production factor—is stored, computed, and circulated across multiple independent nodes without a central coordinating authority, relying on technologies such as blockchain, distributed ledger, edge computing, and peer-to-peer networks. Its core governance features include decentralized data control, consensus-based verification, and peer-to-peer economic activities. METHODS: This paper studies data security and privacy protection in the distributed digital economy from two aspects: economic impact and governance mechanism. Based on panel data from 30 provinces in China from 2018 to 2023, this paper uses the entropy weight-TOPSIS method, a two-way fixed effects model, a mediation effect model, and a spatiotemporal heterogeneity model to empirically test the economic impact and transmission mechanism of data security and privacy protection on the distributed digital economy. RESULTS: The empirical analysis results show that the level of data security and privacy protection significantly and positively promotes the development of the distributed digital economy, with each unit increase leading to a 0.412 unit increase in the development index. Blockchain smart contracts, privacy computing standards, and cross-border data flow rules play significant mediating roles, accounting for 93.7% of the total mediating effect. This positive economic effect exhibits significant spatiotemporal differences, increasing year by year, and is significantly higher in the eastern region than in the central and western regions. CONCLUSION: Based on empirical analysis results, optimization paths are proposed from four levels: collaborative governance, technology empowerment, regional balance, and institutional improvement, in order to improve the level of data security and privacy protection in the distributed digital economy.
Ronansa Vaza Bramudya, Ratna Roostika, Nur Aima Syafie
The rapid growth of non-fungible tokens (NFTs) has increased competition among digital marketplaces and heightened the need to understand factors that drive consumer purchase intention. However, NFT platforms still face challenges related to technological complexity and trust, which may hinder user participation. This study examines the effects of social influence, effort expectancy, performance expectancy, and trust on purchase intention in the Magic Eden NFT marketplace using the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) framework. This research contributes by extending the UTAUT model to the NFT marketplace context and highlighting the pivotal role of trust in shaping user perceptions and behavioral intentions. A quantitative approach was employed by collecting data from 251 Magic Eden users through an online questionnaire distributed via social media and crypto communities. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with SmartPLS to test the proposed relationships. The results indicate that social influence, effort expectancy, and performance expectancy have significant positive effects on purchase intention. Trust also has a strong positive effect on effort expectancy and performance expectancy, as well as a direct positive effect on purchase intention. Among the examined relationships, trust shows the strongest influence on users’ perceived ease of use of the platform. Overall, the findings suggest that strengthening trust and improving platform usability are essential for increasing purchase intention in NFT marketplaces.
Duggirala Aravind, N. V. Suresh, Kasukurthi Aravind
This chapter discusses smart and intelligent trade corridors made possible by blockchain and big data analytics, with an emphasis on analytical and quantitative methods of custom and trade facilitation. It discusses the role of the distributed ledger technologies and the data analytics in ensuring the security of the data exchange, traceability, and performance monitoring across cross-border trade corridors. The chapter presents analytical models of risk scoring, trade coralling, and optimization of trade flow, explaining it with models and examples. Interoperability, data quality and system scalability issues are considered. The discussion shows that data-driven corridor intelligence is able to enhance operational efficiency, minimize compliance costs, and increase resilience on the regional/international trade networks.
Daniel Calé, João C. Ferreira, Ana Mafalda Madureira, Carlos Coutinho
Web3 technologies, representing the next generation of a decentralised and user-centric Internet, offer innovative solutions to enhance adaptability, sustainability, and resilience in logistics systems aligned with the principles of Logistics 5.0. This study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) methodology, analysing peer-reviewed journal articles published between 2018 and 2024 and retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, IEEE Xplore, and ACM Digital Library. The review specifically focuses on trucking logistics, a sector characterised by high fossil-fuel dependency, operational fragmentation, and significant environmental impact. The findings reveal that Artificial Intelligence and Internet of Things technologies dominate current implementations, mainly supporting fleet management, route optimisation, accident prevention, and risk assessment. In contrast, blockchain applications remain limited, and metaverse-based solutions are largely exploratory and confined to training scenarios. Key research gaps include the scarcity of integrated Web3 solutions, the limited consideration of human-centric Logistics 5.0 dimensions, and the lack of large-scale empirical validation in real-world trucking operations. Based on the analysis, this paper proposes a conceptual framework that maps Web3 technologies to trucking logistics areas, investment priorities, and Logistics 5.0 objectives, offering actionable guidance for Logistics Service Providers transitioning from Logistics 4.0 to Logistics 5.0.
This study aimed to examine the role of blockchain technology in transforming digital marketing within the emerging Web3 environment, with a specific focus on its impact on consumer trust and marketing efficiency. The research primarily investigated the relationship between blockchain technology as the independent variable and digital marketing transformation as the dependent variable, while also considering consumer trust and marketing efficiency as key outcome variables. A quantitative research design was adopted, and data were collected from 250 respondents, including digital platform users and marketing professionals, using a structured questionnaire based on a 5-point Likert scale. Statistical analyses, including reliability, correlation, and regression, were conducted to test the proposed hypotheses and evaluate the relationships among variables. The findings revealed that blockchain technology had a significant positive impact on digital marketing transformation (β = 0.68, p < 0.001) and consumer trust (β = 0.72, p < 0.001). Digital marketing transformation significantly influenced marketing efficiency (β = 0.70, p < 0.001). The results also indicated that consumer trust played a mediating role in enhancing marketing efficiency, highlighting the importance of transparency and data security in digital environments. The study provides practical implications for organizations by emphasizing the adoption of blockchain-based marketing systems to improve transparency, reduce operational inefficiencies, and strengthen consumer trust. It also highlights the strategic importance of decentralized platforms in shaping the future of digital marketing. References Basal, M., & Şarkbay, Ö. F. (2026). Web3-driven digital marketing and consumer protection. 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Deddy Rakhmad Hidayat, Dian Parawansa, Jusni Ambo Upe, Idayanti Nursyamsi
This study aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of purchase intention research indexed in Scopus, focusing on trends and patterns from 2023 to 2025. Using Biblioshiny, the study identifies leading journals, authors, affiliations, countries, collaborations, highly cited articles, and main research themes. The Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services emerges as the most productive journal, with FPT University as the top affiliation and Zhang Y as the most prolific author. The most cited article is Treiblmaier H. (2023), Using blockchain to signal quality in the food supply chain: The impact on consumer purchase intentions and the moderating effect of brand familiarity, published in the International Journal of Information Management. China ranks first for corresponding author contributions. Dominant keywords include “purchase intention,” “sales,” and “purchasing.” Emerging research areas such as the metaverse, NFTs (Non-Fungible Tokens), VIS (Vote to Influence System), skincare, and tactics. This research offers a meaningful contribution that can inform and guide future bibliometric investigations undertaken by scholars within the scope of purchase intention by offering insights into key authors, journals, affiliations, countries, and dominant keywords. Additionally, it supports broader academic collaboration and knowledge development in this research domain.
Purpose: to develop a model of a payment token based on the analysis of its key economic characteristics, such as backing, price stability, liquidity, and volatility. Methods: heterodox, systemic, structural-functional, institutional, cybernetic, and pragmatic methodological approaches to the formation of a cross-border payment infrastructure based on distributed ledger technology; methods of mathematical modeling: descriptive statistics method, index method, normalization method, numerical optimization methods. Results: a payment token model based on a stable currency basket has been developed. Optimal quantitative characteristics of the payment token for use in a cross-border payment infrastructure based on distributed ledger technology have been determined. For the cross-border payment space of the BRICS countries, it is advisable to use a payment token backed by a stable currency basket consisting of the Chinese yuan, Russian ruble, Indian rupee, and Brazilian real. By minimizing the optimization function, the coefficients of the national currencies in the stable basket backing the payment token of the BRICS cross-border payment space have been determined. An alternative model of a payment token backed by a currency basket of Western countries – the US dollar, euro, pound sterling, and yen – has been developed. It is shown that the volatility of tokens based on currency baskets with weights optimized within the proposed model is significantly lower than the volatility of any single currency. Conclusions and Relevance: in the money circulation subsystem of a cross-border payment infrastructure based on distributed ledger technology, it is rational to employ a payment token that meets the economic characteristics of backing, price stability, liquidity, and low volatility. Such a token will ensure the uninterrupted functioning and accessibility of cross-border settlements for economic agents of the BRICS cross-border payment area. The application of an invariant index of the currency value in the design of the payment token model provides a methodological foundation, independent of the choice of a base currency, for optimizing the numerical indicators of its economic characteristics.
Smart contract is a type of contract that exercised automatically if requirements are met in trades, the data on chains is available at all time and no edit or central authority intervene is allowed. In China, SMEs often face high requirement of lending from bank, information asymmetry and region difference when financing. In this research, it is proved that smart contracts reduce SME financing cost via lowering human labour and spend time, which is one of reasons that smart contracts and blockchain are welcomed in SMEs. The government should set related regulations on smart contracts and technical designers need to improve systems in the future so that more SMEs could get benefits during financing programs.
The agri-food supply chain is a cornerstone of food security and economic stability, yet traditional systems often grapple with challenges such as limited transparency, data manipulation, delayed payments, and an over-reliance on intermediaries.These centralized frameworks hinder the ability to verify the origin, quality, and authenticity of agricultural products, weakening trust among stakeholders.This paper introduces a Blockchain-Based Crop Supply Chain and Traceability System leveraging smart contracts to address these persistent issues.The proposed system employs blockchain technology to establish a decentralized, transparent, and immutable ledger that records every transaction within the supply chain.Key processes are automated through smart contracts, including crop registration, ownership transfers, transaction validations, and payment executions.To manage large-scale data effectively, the InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) is incorporated for decentralized storage of crop-related documents like images, health reports, and certificates, while cryptographic hashes are stored on the blockchain for verification purposes.A token-based digital payment mechanism linked to the Indian Rupee (INR) ensures fair and instant payments between farmers and buyers.The system is implemented as a decentralized application utilizing React.js,Node.js,Solidity, and MetaMask, and deployed on the Binance Smart Chain Testnet.Experimental findings reveal significant enhancements in traceability, transparency, fraud reduction, and stakeholder trust compared to conventional agri-food supply chain systems.
N. Priya, A. Rajaman, M.S. Ranjithkumar, R. Suganya · 5 authors
The leather export sector in India is confronted with repeated issues of providing financial transparency, traceability, and trust of the stakeholders because of a fragmented payment system and manual records. To resolve these, a blockchain-based financial transparency model is elaborated based on a distributed ledger, which operates under smart contracts, ensuring immutable records of transactions and automated verification. The model uses a secure financial exchange by using hash-based encryption and a consensusbased validation in order to synchronize export payments between decentralized nodes. The Ethereum-based Hyperledger Fabric was simulated to check the accuracy, latency, and scalability of the model. Experimental results indicate that there is a 31.7 % increase in financial traceability, 24.5 % decrease in processing delay, 18.9 % increase in cost efficiency, and 27.6 % high trust score among existing methods. The proposed framework will provide real-time, non-tampered, and verifiable financial transactions, which will provide a long-term solution to the Indian leather export industry with a pathway to transparent and responsible export management.
Muhammad Zeeshan Ullah Khan, Syed Imran Zaman, Sharfuddin Ahmed Khan
This chapter explores the transformative potential of blockchain technology in the context of future supply chain finance (SCF). It begins by illustrating how blockchain’s decentralized and tamper-evident ledger architecture can address traditional inefficiencies in SCF. By recording each transaction in an immutable chain, blockchain not only improves transparency but also reduces fraud risk, particularly in complex supply chains involving multiple intermediaries. The discussion highlights smart contracts as a key innovation, capable of automating routine processes. Real-world implementations in areas ranging from e-commerce logistics to agricultural finance underscore the wide applicability of these concepts. Building on blockchain fundamentals, the chapter details how next-generation supply chains can harness decentralized data sharing and automated contract enforcement to boost operational efficiency, reduce counterfeiting, and manage disruptions more proactively. It examines how blockchain-based solutions can be enhanced by emerging technologies, which together enable real-time monitoring and predictive analytics. However, despite these advantages, organizations must carefully evaluate feasibility concerns. Issues of scalability, interoperability, and energy consumption persist, especially in public blockchains reliant on intensive consensus mechanisms.
Blockchain technology has emerged as a foundational digital infrastructure capable of redefining global trade and financial ecosystems through its decentralized, immutable, and trust‐enhancing architecture. By eliminating conventional intermediaries and reducing informational asymmetries, blockchain strengthens transactional transparency, accelerates cross-border settlements, and enhances the authenticity of trade documentation. Its applications including distributed ledgers for supply chain traceability, smart contracts for automated trade finance, and digital identities for customs and compliance are enabling unprecedented operational efficiencies across international logistics and regulatory environments. In the financial domain, blockchain facilitates secure and near-instantaneous value transfers, supports innovative instruments such as asset tokenization, and expands financial accessibility through decentralized finance (DeFi). Central bank digital currencies (CBDCs) further signal a structural transformation in global monetary governance by promoting interoperability and reducing systemic frictions. Despite such transformative potential, significant challenges remain: fragmented regulatory frameworks, scalability constraints, cybersecurity concerns, and the need for harmonized global standards. This study critically evaluates blockchain’s multi-dimensional impact on international trade and financial systems, examining its strategic advantages, evolving use cases, and institutional implications. The analysis underscores that long-term global adoption will require coordinated policy reforms, cross-border regulatory convergence, and robust technological infrastructure. The findings aim to contribute to international scholarly discourse by mapping blockchain’s trajectory as a catalyst for a more transparent, resilient, and integrated global economic order.
Doaa I. Hasan, Mustafa Hamid Abd Alsadh, Hayder Makki Shakir, Hamsa Emad Mahmood · 7 authors
This is the newest technique to make sure that smart contracts are always secure in very important domains, like world banking. Quantum computers can’t break blockchain rules, hence this is conceivable. The major purpose of this research is to see whether post-quantum cryptography can be combined with blockchain technology to make it safer to move money across borders. Quantum computers might easily get into older blockchain systems since they employ well-known encryption methods like ECC and RSA. This makes it easy for other people to hurt them. As quantum computing becomes more common, the safety of smart contracts used in international banking is becoming more and more at danger. We think that the Lattice-Based Cryptographic Integration Framework (LBCIF) might help with these issues. This system leverages lattice-based post-quantum algorithms like Kyber and Dilithium. These algorithms may keep cryptography safe against quantum assaults. You can use these algorithms to sign smart contracts, prove who you are, and agree on blockchains. The LBCIF is an excellent instrument for trade finance since it uses smart contracts to make settlements and letters of credit with banks all around the world automatic. The framework ensures secure key exchange, digital signature validation, and interoperable transactions across regulatory environments. Findings show that LBCIF maintains performance while significantly improving resistance to quantum threats. It enables secure, scalable, and regulation-compliant smart contract execution for global financial operations.