The uniformity of management policies in local government in Indonesia hinders development for regions with special characteristics. The asymmetric policy is expected to accommodate the border area of the country that has been discriminated against in terms of development. Not only related to infrastructure and state security, but the human security aspect is also a common challenge, especially in providing education and health services which are the rights of citizens living on the border. Special treatment for border areas is expected to offer a new approach in border area development, especially responding to the region's limited capacity in terms of authority and finance
Bernard Aritua, Hei Chiu, Cheng Lü, Sheila Farrell · 5 authors
Draws important lessons from the development of China’s ports, each accompanied by reflections on its relevance for developing countries. A holistic approach to macroeconomic and regional development cautions that port development should not stop at the port gate but rather seek to align logistics, trade, and transport policies with broader economic development strategies while considering how to balance decentralization, central coordination, and local initiative. Port-hinterland connectivity to port cities necessitates an understanding that long-term competitiveness depends on strong networks and corridors linking ports with hinterlands which requires deploying land-use strategies to maximize the economic benefits of ports. Human resources and innovation entails investing in human capital and innovation as drivers of productivity and efficiency. And finally, port governance and finance entail defining the role of government in combining financial, economic, social, and environmental objectives and broadening access to the finance and public support needed to develop a competitive port ecosystem, all while testing the waters before scaling up.
<strong>Advanced manufacturing is the use of innovative technology to im prove products or processes. Now-a- days POKA YOKE�S made by new technologies are used for mi stake proofing to achieve � ZERO DEFECT �. Poka Yoke focuses on eliminating the defects of hum an origination by reducing the opportunity for defects. Naturally human beings are not mistake proofed,therefore we can�t eliminate all the mistakes done by human beings. But organization can avoid these mistakes from r eaching to the customer,which is known as a defect in this case. Japanese manufacturing engineer Shig eo Shingo develops the quality assurance technique Poka Yoke. The aim of Poka Yoke is to eliminate de fects in a product by preventing or correcting mistakes as early as possible. A Poka Yoke is d one by using a method that uses sensor or other devices for catching errors that may pass by human beings or operators. Shigeo Shingo defines Poka Yoke as:Poka � �Inadvertent Mistake That Anyone Can Make� [2] and Yoke � �To Prevent or Proof� [1]. Poka -Yoke performs two key operations of ZDQ (Zero D efect Quality) i.e. identifying the defect immediately (Point of Origin Inspection) & quick feedback fo r corrective action. Poka-yoke detects an error,gives a warning,and can shuts down the process. This paper describes the solution on customer complaint of fa ilure of brake in the car due to wrong machining in the TMC (Tandem Master Cylinder). The root ca use is detected by using systematic 8-D method. To overcome this problem we have made a Poka Yoke us ing laser sensor.</strong> <strong>https://www.ijiert.org/paper-details?paper_id=140489</strong>
Neither East nor West East-West cleavages in Europe are a key determinant to understanding Vienna as a rich, but nevertheless semi-peripheral city between Eastern and Western Europe. The Habsburg Empire (1282-1918), of which Vienna was the capital city, covered large parts of the region between Western Europe, the Ottoman Empire and Russia. It was characterized by multiple nationalities and was internally structured with multiple and changing centre-periphery relations – North-South, as well as East-West, and dominant German/Hungarian nationalities versus the other, mainly Slavic nations. Vienna is thus a privileged site for the study of the spatial imaginaries and strategies accompanying the transformations of this broad region, and their socio-economic, political and cultural implications. East and West have been crucially antagonistic mind maps in Western thought, like ‘we’ and ‘the others’, Orient and Occident, and the West and ‘the rest’ (Hall 1994). In the ninth century, Charlemagne separated the Franco-Germanic part of Europe from the Slavic East with an East-West divide very similar to the one later erected by the Iron Curtain (Szücs 1990: 13). In the West, a Christian feudal order evolved out of a symbiosis of the Roman slaveholder latifundium and the German communitarian social organization. Its relatively decentralized power structure permitted a plurality of languages and autonomous cities evolved from the power vacuum (Anderson 1978: 148), constituting a fertile ground for later modernization. From the end of the Middle Ages onwards, the territorial expansionism of the West resulted in the crusades, reconquista and colonization (Komlosy 1994; Hobsbawm 1990). The East experienced a different trajectory. Russia, the sentinel of Europe on the eastern front, had to bear the brunt of repeated invasion waves by Mongols, Tartars and other Asian nomadic people (Anderson 1980), a crucial determinant to an understanding of the centralist and authoritarian structure of its state and society. These different historical-geographical trajectories have significantly contributed to shaping the ‘morphological contrast between the state in the East and West’ (Gramsci 1971) and the different forms of political praxis: ‘In the East the State was everything, civil society was primordial and gelatinous; in the West, there was a proper relation between State and civil society’ (Gramsci 1971: 238). The Habsburg Empire was part of eastern Central Europe, which was surrounded by the West and Russia. This ‘in-between region’ (Szücs 1990), consisting of Poland, Prussia and the Habsburg Empire, for centuries oriented itself towards the West, but had difficulties in building truly Western institutions, especially a strong civil society. The countryside was sparsely populated (Anderson 1980), the cities were smaller and less independent, the nobility was larger and more influential (Szücs 1990), and the Counter-Reformation was strong. The Habsburg Empire was thus a hybrid, combining elements of the East and the West under one dynasty for more than 600 years.
This article examines Poland's process of regionalization since the late 1990s. It identifies several factors that led Poland to introduce self-government at the regional level both earlier and to a greater extent than its neighbors in East Central Europe. The analysis then turns to the competences and financing of the Polish regions, or voivodeships. Although Poland has taken steps to decentralize, it remains a unitary state.