The agribusiness sector plays an important role in supporting economic growth, particularly in agrarian countries such as Indonesia. One of the leading commodities in this sector is palm oil, which contributes significantly to national income and export activities. However, modern agribusiness systems cannot be separated from supply chain management that connects various actors, including input suppliers, farmers, collectors, processing industries, and distributors. This study aims to analyze the system and management of supply chains in agribusiness, particularly in the palm oil commodity sector. This research uses a qualitative approach with a library research method by collecting and analyzing secondary data obtained from scientific journals, books, and other reliable academic sources. The results indicate that the agribusiness supply chain has a complex structure because it involves many stakeholders interconnected in the processes of production, processing, and distribution. Effective supply chain management can improve operational efficiency, reduce distribution costs, and maintain product quality until it reaches consumers. Furthermore, the utilization of digital technologies such as blockchain and the Internet of Things (IoT), along with the implementation of the Supply Chain Operations Reference (SCOR) model, can enhance transparency, coordination, and effectiveness in agribusiness supply chain management.
I Putu Wahyu Krisna Permadi, Made Adi Paramartha Putra, Ida Bagus Kresna Sudiatmika
Industri tanaman hias aglonema memiliki nilai ekonomi yang tinggi dan membutuhkan sistem pencatatan varietas yang akurat serta dapat ditelusuri. Namun, pencatatan varietas tanaman saat ini masih didominasi oleh sistem terpusat yang rentan terhadap perubahan data dan kurang transparan. Permasalahan utama yang dihadapi adalah sulitnya menjamin keaslian, asal-usul, dan riwayat distribusi varietas tanaman aglonema secara terpercaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk merancang dan mengembangkan prototype aplikasi terdesentralisasi (Decentralized Application/DApp) sebagai media pencatatan varietas tanaman aglonema berbasis teknologi blockchain. Metode penelitian dilakukan melalui pengembangan sistem menggunakan jaringan Polygon dengan penerapan smart contract standar ERC-721 untuk merepresentasikan setiap varietas tanaman sebagai aset digital unik (Non-Fungible Token), serta integrasi dompet Web3 sebagai mekanisme autentikasi pengguna. Hasil pengujian terhadap prototype menunjukkan bahwa sistem mampu mencatat data varietas secara permanen, tidak dapat diubah, dan mudah ditelusuri. Selain itu, penggunaan jaringan Polygon memungkinkan proses pencatatan berjalan efisien dengan biaya transaksi yang rendah. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknologi blockchain berpotensi meningkatkan transparansi dan keamanan pencatatan varietas tanaman aglonema.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi Keputusan Investasi Cryptocurrency pada kaum Millenial di Kota Batam. Faktor-faktor tersebut antara lain Overconfidence, Risk Tolerance, dan Financial Experience. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif, dengan data primer yang diperoleh melalui penyebaran kuesioner. Populasi dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 443.180, dan sampel yang diambil sebanyak 100 orang dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin dengan tingkat kesalahan 10%. Penelitian ini menggunakan probability sampling dengan metode random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan meliputi analisis deskriptif, uji instrumen, uji asumsi klasik, uji regresi linier berganda, dan uji hipotesis, dengan pengolahan data melalui SPSS versi 25. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Overconfidence, Risk Tolerance, dan Financial Experience berpengaruh signifikan terhadap Keputusan Investasi Cryptocurrency. Kesimpulannya, H1 diterima, H2 diterima, H3 diterima, H4 diterima.Kata Kunci: overconfidence, risk tolerance, financial experience, keputusan investasi cryptocurrency.
Studi ini membahas metode konsensus di cryptomining, serangan umum, dan pencegahannya. Blockchain awal menggunakan Proof of Work (PoW), yang tidak efisien energi dan rentan keamanan. Proof of Stake (PoS) dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan desentralisasi dan efisiensi energi. Protokol seperti Proof-of-Search (PoS) dan Proof-of-Publicly Verifiable Randomness (PoPVR) menawarkan alternatif PoW, mengatasi penipuan dan serangan denial-of-service. Penelitian ini juga mengevaluasi perilaku penambangan strategis dan metode deteksi serta pencegahan serangan. Model konsensus hibrida, seperti Hybrid PoW-PoS, menggabungkan kekuatan PoW dan PoS untuk melawan serangan mayoritas. Temuan menekankan perlunya keamanan yang kuat dan pemantauan berkelanjutan untuk mencegah aktivitas jahat dan memastikan keadilan serta keberlanjutan penambangan kripto. Makalah ini mengumpulkan analisis dari berbagai jurnal untuk meningkatkan keamanan dan efisiensi penambangan kripto.
Abstract Indonesia is the world’s largest producer and consumer of palm oil. However, the palm oil supply chain faces numerous challenges related to actors, traceability, transparency, and sustainability. To address these issues, a conceptual model for a blockchain-based palm oil supply chain in Indonesia is proposed. The model aims to leverage the decentralized and immutable nature of blockchain technology. It incorporates components such as smart contracts, distributed ledgers, and data sharing mechanisms to enhance traceability, transparency, and sustainability in the palm oil supply chain. The research utilized the SSM (Soft System Methodology) and CATWOE (Customer, Actor, Transformation, Worldview, Owner, Environment) methodologies. The actors involved in the palm oil supply chain include smallholders, plantation companies, third-party suppliers, middlemen, traders, palm oil mills, refineries, distributors, retailers, and consumers. The blockchain conceptual model is structured based on a sustainable supply chain model that considers economic, social, and environmental aspects. Blockchain transactions regulate the process of supply chain actors, while stakeholders such as the government, financial institutions, palm oil research organizations, NGOs, and consumers are involved. The blockchain-based supply chain model is expected to address the key issues of the palm oil supply chain, aiming for a sustainable supply chain system. By implementing this model, it is anticipated that the palm oil industry can achieve greater accountability, transparency, and environmental sustainability.
One promising solution to address the multifaceted challenges encompassing the economic, environmental, and social sustainability aspects of the palm oil industry lies in harnessing spatial data. This valuable data is acquired through cutting-edge geospatial technologies such as remote sensing, GIS, and GPS. When geospatial data is coupled with other data collected by IOT devices, Artificial Intelligent (AI)-driven analysis, and distributed ledger technology such as block chain, innovative solutions can be created for comprehensive understanding, monitoring, and management of plantations to enhance palm oil yield and concurrently realize environmental and social sustainability goals.
Teknologi blockchain telah digunakan secara luas dan menarik perhatian para peneliti termasuk peneliti tanaman hortikutur. Cabai merupakan salah satu tanaman hortikultura yang banyak dibudidayakan di Indonesia dan merupakan salah satu komoditas yang memiliki harga yang sangat fluktuatif. Fluktuasi harga cabai menuntut adanya transparansi harga cabai di setiap rantai distribusi cabai. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan sistem pencatatan transaksi distribusi cabai dalam upaya mencatat semua transaksi produksi dan harga cabai di setiap rantai distribusi cabai. Sistem ini berbasis web dan dikembangkan dengan menggunakan teknologi blockchain untuk menyimpan setiap transaksi distribusi cabai. Pengembangan sistem menggunakan metode extreme programming yang dilakukan dalam dua iterasi. Pada studi ini, smart contract Ethereum menggunakan kerangka kerja Truffle untuk sistem back end dan web3js untuk antarmuka sistem. Sistem pencatatan transaksi distribusi cabai telah berhasil dikembangkan dan memungkinkan pengguna untuk melihat harga dan pasokan cabai secara transparan di setiap rantai distribusi cabai. Uji keberterimaan dan fungsionalitas sistem telah sukses dilakukan untuk para aktor distribusi cabai, yaitu admin, produsen, pedagang pengepul, grosir, pedagang pengecer, serta konsumen. Smart contract yang dihasilkan dirilis pada jaringan uji Ethereum serta jaringan uji Rinkeby sebagai pengganti jaringan utama Ethereum. Sistem pencatatan cabai masih dapat dikembangkan lebih lanjut untuk melengkapi berbagai fitur yang telah dibuat. Rekomendasi untuk studi lebih lanjut dapat dilakukan untuk pengembangan fitur tambahan seperti foto produksi cabai dan foto profil aktor distribusi cabai serta user experience para aktor rantai distribusi cabai.
Abstract: The Abstract contains a brief description of the purpose of writing, the method used, and the results of the study (if the results of the research). Abstract contains 200-300 words. Abstract written in Indonesian and English. Abstract typing is done single-spaced with narrower margins than the right and left margins of the main text. Keywords need to be included to describe the area of ​​the problem being studied and the main terms that underlie the implementation of the research. Key words can be single words or combinations of words. Number of keywords 3-5 words. These keywords are required for computerization. Searching for research titles and abstracts is made easier with these key words. Abstrak: Abstrak memuat uraian singkat mengenai tujuan penulisan, metode yang digunakan, dan hasil penelitian (bila hasil dari penelitian). Abstrak berisi 200-300 kata. Abstrak ditulis dalam Bahasa Indonesia dan Bahasa Inggris. Pengetikan abstrak dilakukan dengan spasi tunggal dengan margin yang lebih sempit dari margin kanan dan kiri teks utama. Kata kunci perlu dicantumkan untuk menggambarkan ranah masalah yang diteliti dan istilah-istilah pokok yang mendasari pelaksanaan penelitian. Kata-kata kunci dapat berupa kata tunggal atau gabungan kata. Jumlah kata-kata kunci 3-5 kata. Kata-kata kunci ini diperlukan untuk komputerisasi. Pencarian judul penelitian dan abstraknya dipermudah dengan kata-kata kunci tersebut.
The development of new technology has the potential to disrupt and transform an existing system as well as information technology. This study aims to build a proposed model in order to transform an old system into a Blockchain-based system. The smallholder oil palm supply chain currently uses a traditional information system and technology, hence its integrity, transparency, and security are vulnerable. To solve this problem, frontier technology is needed, such as a blockchain, which has trust, transparency, and traceable characteristics to improve performance and quality. The method used in this study was digital transformation in the context of operational processes and technology. In addition, the As-Is To-Be model was used as a mechanism to develop a transformation model for the smallholder oil palm supply chain system. Specifically, the As-Is model was implemented in identifying and analyzing the information system and technology in an already existing system, while the To-Be was used to determine the blockchain potential and characteristics. This becomes the proposed model for the transformation of the old system into a Blockchain technology-based. Also, a prospective and mechanism for system transformation were produced in the aspect of transactions, data, and architecture, as well as the flow of change strategies needed in the transformation of the blockchain-based smallholder oil palm supply chain system.
Ratna Ekawati, Yandra Arkeman, Suprihatin Suprihatin, Titi Candra Sunarti
The complex supply chain system for the sugar agroindustry supply chain involves many actors, resulting in the asymmetry of information data. It still leads to a lack of data transparency. In the past, data traceability could not be made efficient at every stage, so the record data transaction was not real-time, less accurate, and inefficient coordination between actors. Blockchain is one of the technologies in the 4.0 era as a distributed ledger technology. It can be transparency, traceability, security, immutability, and decentralization. This study aims to design a white sugar agroindustry system based on blockchain technology using the SDLC waterfall stage public. Ethereum is a proof-of-work convention based on the Ropsten test-net on the Metamask wallet. The sugar supply chain system that has been successfully developed allows consumers to track the purchased sugar products based on the transaction hash code sent by the seller. The data listed is the location of the plantation, the quantity (quintal) and quality of sugarcane (percentage), and the purchase price. A web-based blockchain application could be used as a model by national sugar factories to help them make enough sugar food for themselves.
The development of information technology will be related to all fields including finance. Cryptocurrency (Cryptocurrency) or often referred to as virtual currency / digital currency is the result of a development of financial technology (financial technology). Digital currencies began to be widely used as a means of payment on the internet. The purpose of this currency is to Provide convenience and security in payment. With blockchain technology in it, making transaction costs cheaper. However, the Government in this case Bank Indonesia prohibits transactions using digital / virtual money because it has a harmful impact on the Financial System, Monetary Stability and Payment System in Indonesia. This study explains the impact of Cryptocurrencies on the Indonesian economy and the government's attitude towards existing technologies inside. In terms of the technology offered, cryptocurrency is a development of financial technology that allows to change paper money into digital money in financial transactions in the future. It is hoped that the government can review the technology contained in cryptocurrencies more deeply so that the policies made later do not prohibit the technology contained in cryptocurrencies and provide knowledge to the public to better understand about cryptocurrencies
Umi Marfuah, Yandra Arkeman, a Machfud, Indah Yuliasih
Indonesians are the worlds largest chilli enthusiasts, mostly consuming fresh chilli. Because of chilli products generally perishable characteristics, its price has become unstable.The growing number of agricultural safety and risk issues has revealed a substantial need for an effective traceability solution, which serves as an essential agricultural supply chain method to ensure adequate product safety. Blockchain is the technology that disrupts goods in supply chains of agriculture and offers a revolutionary solution for their traceability. Today, farm supply chains are a dynamic ecosystem with multiple stakeholders, making it difficult to verify a range of main parameters, including the country of origin, stage in crop production, quality compliance, and yield monitoring. This paper suggests using the Ethereum blockchain and intelligent contracts to monitor and traceability operations across the agricultural supply chain effectively. Our proposed solutions remove the need for trustworthy centralized subjects, intermediaries, transaction records, performance, and security enhancements that are highly integral, accurate, and stable. The approach suggested focuses on using intelligent agreements to monitor and manage all communications and transactions between all actors in the supply chains ecosystem. All transactions are registered in the immutable blockchain lead with connections to a decentralized system (IPFS), ensuring the ecosystem is safe, confident, reliable and booming for everyones high degree of transparency and traceability.
Resista Vikaliana, Raja Zuraidah Raja Mohd Rasi, I Nyoman Pujawan
This study aims to recommend a model of traceability system in mangosteen supply chain management using blockchain technology. The traceability system model is designed to ensure the acceptance of safe and quality mangosteen by consumers because consumers can search for information about mangosteen supply chain management. In this study, blockchain technology was chosen because with blockchain technology, traceability and capacity to share information about production processes will be made easier and trustworthy. Traceability takes center stage in organizations supply chain; furthermore, it is a tool in fighting product counterfeiting and protecting brands. Implementing blockchain can revolutionize the way a supply chain works.This research consists of three stages. The first is to identify the mangosteen export supply chain. Second, identify the form of data needed and used in mangosteen traceability. Third, the formulation of mangosteen traceability models or designs. The results of this study describe a model design how mangosteen traceability is carried out using blockchain technology.
Ratna Ekawati, Yandra Arkeman, Suprihatin Suprihatin, Titi Candra
The white crystal sugar agro-industry is an industry with dynamic characteristics characterized by a sustainable relationship between actors ranging from farmers to consumers. An inefficient supply chain system will affect the flow of products, information, and finance because many actors are involved and have influence. Hence, complicating the system in the tracking process flow, product flow and creating problems that occur in business processes. The main objective of this research is to propose the design of an integrated white crystal sugar agro-industrial supply chain system based on blockchain technology so that it can increase competitiveness in realizing food security and resilience; by proposing a search for the problem of mismatches that occur along the supply chain from upstream to downstream. The variables that will be identified in the supply chain flow include quality, quantity, and price, with the suitability of transaction information data ranging from farmers, sugar factories, warehouses, distribution, retailers to the final consumer. It is hoped that consumers will feel happy to consume trusted local sugar with the best safety and quality, as well as ensure transparency of information between actors. Previous traditional methods, which were still centralized, would be transformed into decentralized information, to create trust among stakeholders. With a blockchain-based traceability architecture design, it is hoped that the proposed design can be implemented in the white crystal sugar agro-industry.
Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta Indonesia, Ezra Putranda Setiawan
Cryptocurrency or virtual currency is a kind of investment that is common since 2010. Nowadays, there are more than 2.000 cryptocurrencies around the world. Research about cryptocurrency in Indonesia still focused on the legal or religious status of its investment. This descriptive-quantitative research aim is to describe the return and the risk of cryptocurrency investment. Therefore, we use the descriptive analysis and the GARCH (1,1) model to the return data of 15 cryptocurrencies with the largest market value. Most of these cryptocurrencies can yield a higher return when compared with the return of the foreign exchange and stock market return. Despite this benefit, they exhibit higher risks and volatility clustering or heteroscedasticity. Further research should be done to reveal more properties of their return and performance in portfolio
Abstract The long cocoa supply chain in Indonesia makes cocoa difficult to trace, data in several countries in Indonesia related to national cocoa data. National cocoa production data is needed in creating policies that are right on target, so these things need to be done. The development of industry 4.0 makes the creation of blockchain technology that can overcome these problems. To create a blockchain system for the cocoa supply chain needs a requirement analysis for the time of making the application. The purpose of this research is to identify the needs and know the interactions that occur in the blockchain chain system in the cocoa supply chain. The method used is requirement analysis, use case diagram, and sequence diagram. The results of this study are two inputs: the structure of the cocoa supply chain and activities that occur in the cocoa supply chain, four stakeholders: farmers, collectors, agroindustry, and exporters, one output: the blockchain system from the cocoa supply chain. Interactions that occur in the system is log in to the system, add the activity, execution phase, ordering phase, and validation phase.
Smart grid adalah salah satu komponen dari smart city yang memperkenalkan komunikasi dua arah antara pelanggan dengan perusahaan penyedia listrik. Salah satu masalah yang dapat terjadi pada jaringan smart grid adalah data pelanggan yang jatuh ke pihak yang tidak bertanggungjawab karena saluran transmisi yang tidak aman. Oleh karena itu, penggunaan blockchain dan kriptografi dapat diterapkan pada jaringan smart grid untuk menyelesaikan masalah tersebut. Blockchain memberikan keamanan tambahan untuk penyimpanan data pada pusat pengatur jaringan dan kriptografi memberikan kerahasiaan dan autentikasi pada pertukaran data dalam jaringan. Sistem yang baru diciptakan ini harus bisa menyesuaikan frekuensi pengambilan data pada jaringan smart grid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui waktu komputasi yang dibutuhkan dari kedua proses tersebut dengan menyusun suatu simulasi jaringan smart grid. Simulasi dalam penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan aplikasi MATLAB dan tersusun dari dua program utama, yaitu program kriptografi menggunakan algoritma RSA dan program pembuatan blockchain sederhana. Hasil yang didapatkan menunjukkan bahwa rentang waktu komputasi RSA pada suatu jaringan smart grid lebih cepat dari frekuensi pengambilan data yang ditentukan, yaitu sebesar satu menit. Sementara itu, rentang waktu penyusunan blockchain dengan ketentuan tertentu tidak dapat memenuhi persyaratan yang sama.
Land administration and title registration system is the system for storing land title information and managing<br>transactions involving land titles. Due to the sensitivity of land issues, land administration and title registration<br>system should be strong to avoid any document forgery, available all the time, and take a short time to complete<br>tasks. Thus, this study aims at designing a model for such system based on blockchain technology. The proposed<br>model is designed using UML diagrams and then tested for verification using statistical usage models (Markov<br>chains). The proposed model integrates the Integrated Land Management Information System (ILMIS) with<br>factom and bitcoin blockchains which enables encryption of information from ILMIS to get the fingerprint<br>information of each land title and store it to the blockchains. The model further encrypts the land information<br>from ILMIS when needed and then compare it with fingerprints from blockchains for verification. Such<br>implementation of the proposed model will help ILMIS to have the capability of providing tamper proof for<br>stored data, providing the self-notarization mechanism, and availability of evidence for the land title from<br>distributed databases. Furthermore, the society is expected to benefit from this study as the time and cost for<br>registering land title will decrease and the possibilities of a piece of land having more than one owner will not be<br>there.
The new era of forest governance in Indonesia was marked by publication of the Act 22, 1999 about District Autonomy, which led to shift from the old centralized forest management to decentralized one. The decentralized forest governance is expected to improve the overall of forest governance. It is evident, however, that the degradation of forest has actually increased under the decentralized governance. Why does this uncontrolled destruction of forest occur? The aims of the study are to research and understand dynamics and complexity of the monitoring administration for forest gavernance in local autonomous era in Indonesia, taking on case of West Java Province. The study also to detect variables having effects on the success of forest governance monitoring administration. The study was conducted using qualitative research method, employing in-depth interview techniques, combined with aspect of legislation and library study. The key informans was interviewed such as the stakeholders of senior foresters of Forestry Services of the Regency, Province, Forestry Department, Forestry Researcher Team, Non Government Organization, Government Forestry Bussiness, Forestry Lecturer, and the Local Community. The number of key informan of 23 persons, and have expertise more than 15 years at Bandung City, Bandung Regency, West Bandung Regency , Bogor Regency, Purwakarta Regency and Jakarta. This study found that the decentralized model only adds more destruction and complexity to the forest governance. The complexity of the problem is deteriorated by reformation euphoria and autonomous sentiments. The success of forest governance monitoring is determined by several major variables are: (i) Regulation, comprising of law and supporting rules,policy, and institution; (ii)Infrastructure comprising of financing, technology, information system, communication, coordination, and societal Involvement, and (iii) Human Resources, comprising of feasibility, perception, and integrity. The success of the forest governance monitoring is affected by secondary variables: The Quality of Forest Governance Planning and the prevailing Political Situation. For conclusion, the results of the study were contributing to theory, practice, and politics for improving the understanding and knowledge of the decentralization of forest governance.